Historical economic growth in countries of the former USSR is analysed. It is shown that Unified Growth Theory is contradicted by the data, which were used, but not analysed, during the formulation of this theory. Unified Growth Theory does not explain the mechanism of economic growth. It explains the mechanism of Malt…
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The Unified Growth Theory is a puzzling collection of myths based on illusions created by hyperbolic distributions. Some of these myths are discussed. The examination of data shows that the three stages of growth (Malthusian Regime, Post-Malthusian Regime and Modern Growth Regime) did not exist and that Industrial Revo…
Historical economic growth in Asia (excluding Japan) is analysed. It is shown that Unified Growth Theory is contradicted by the data, which were used (but not analysed) during the formulation of this theory. Unified Growth Theory does not explain the mechanism of economic growth. It explains the mechanism of Malthusian…
Study confined subgroups in groups with contracting elements, showing their growth rate is strictly greater than half of the ambient growth rate.
problem Understanding the growth rate of confined subgroups in groups with contracting elements.
method Through boundary actions, analyzing the Hopf decomposition and quotient growth.
result Confined subgroups have a growth rate strictly greater than half of the ambient growth rate.
Growth rate of the world Growth Domestic Product (GDP) is analysed to determine possible pathways of the future economic growth. The analysis is based on using the latest data of the World Bank and it reveals that the growth rate between 1960 and 2014 was following a trajectory approaching asymptotically a constant val…
Historical economic growth in Latin America is analysed using the data of Maddison. Unified Growth Theory is found to be contradicted by these data in the same way as it is contradicted by the economic growth in Africa, Asia, former USSR, Western Europe, Eastern Europe and by the world economic growth. Paradoxically, U…
Growth rates of geodesics on modular orbifolds are studied.
problem Understanding growth rates of geodesics on modular orbifolds.
method Exhaustion of modular orbifold by compact subsurfaces, analysis of low lying geodesics and reciprocal geodesics.
result Growth rates of low lying geodesics and reciprocal geodesics converge to the full set's growth rate.
Data describing historical economic growth are analysed. Included in the analysis is the world and regional economic growth. The analysis demonstrates that historical economic growth had a natural tendency to follow hyperbolic distributions. Parameters describing hyperbolic distributions have been determined. A search …
The study provides volume growth estimates for specific types of manifolds.
problem Estimating volume growth for Ricci solitons and quasi-Einstein manifolds.
method Similar to classical results, the study proves volume growth estimates for gradient Ricci solitons and quasi-Einstein manifolds.
result Sharp volume growth estimates for gradient shrinking Ricci solitons and upper bound volume growth estimates for quasi-Einstein manifolds.
Study growth rates of subgroups in groups with a constricting element.
problem Understanding growth rates of subgroups in groups with a constricting element.
method Examining the spectrum of relative and quotient exponential growth rates of quasi-convex subgroups.
result Determine when growth rates of subgroups are strictly smaller or coincide with the group's growth rate.
We present a quantitative characterisation of the fluctuations of the annualized growth rate of the real US GDP per capita growth at many scales, using a wavelet transform analysis of two data sets, quarterly data from 1947 to 2015 and annual data from 1800 to 2010. Our main finding is that the distribution of GDP grow…
Paper reviews and proves volume growth estimates for different types of gradient Ricci solitons.
problem Estimating volume growth for gradient Ricci solitons.
method Survey and prove new volume growth estimates.
result New volume growth estimates for expanding gradient Ricci solitons.
Study groups with polynomial growth, finding structure and applications.
problem Understanding groups with polynomial growth structure.
method Structure theorem for locally compact groups of polynomial growth.
result Applications on various growth functions and relations to FC-G series.
Why is GDP growth linear?q-fin.GN
In many European countries the growth of the real GDP per capita has been linear since 1950. An explanation for this linearity is still missing. We propose that in artificial intelligence we may find models for a linear growth of performance. We also discuss possible consequences of the fact that in systems with linear…
Introduced by Gromov in the nineties, the systolic growth of a Lie group gives the smallest possible covolume of a lattice with a given systole. In a simply connected nilpotent Lie group, this function has polynomial growth, but can grow faster than the volume growth. We express this systolic growth function in terms o…
New proof shows not all Salem numbers are growth rates of Coxeter groups.
problem Identifying growth rates of Coxeter groups using Salem numbers.
method New proof using spectral radii and Coxeter transformations.
result Not every Salem number is a growth rate of hyperbolic Coxeter groups.
The purpose of this study is to measure the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth and determine the share of each of the economic growth sources in the mining sector of Iran. The time period of this study is 1355-1385 of the Solar Hijri calendar (roughly overlaying with the time period of 1976-2006 of the Gregorian ca…
We study ancient solutions of polynomial growth to heat equations on graphs, and extend Colding and Minicozzi's theorem [CM19] on manifolds to graphs: For a graph of polynomial volume growth, the dimension of the space of ancient solutions of polynomial growth is bounded by the product of the growth degree and the dime…
One of the fundamental postulates of the Unified Growth Theory is the claimed existence of three distinctly different regimes of economic growth governed by three distinctly different mechanisms of growth. However, Galor also proposed that the timing of these regimes is different for developed countries and for less-de…
The so-called great divergence in the income per capita is described in the Unified Growth Theory as the mind-boggling and unresolved mystery about the growth process. This mystery has now been solved: the great divergence never happened. It was created by the manipulation of data. Economic growth in various regions is…
Study homology growth in nonpositive curvature spaces, finding examples of torsion.
problem Understanding homology growth in nonpositive curvature spaces.
method Computing mod p homology growth of right-angled Artin groups and closed locally CAT(0) manifolds.
result Homology torsion grows exponentially in the index of subgroups, contradicting rational homology growth.
Study on Monge-Ampère equations with polynomial growth rates.
problem Analyzing solutions to Monge-Ampère equations with polynomial right-hand sides.
method Utilizing polynomial growth analysis to study regularity and growth rates of solutions.
result Translators for sub-affine-critical curvature flows are smooth and convex with specific growth rates.
Paper proves volume growth estimate for steady gradient Ricci solitons.
problem Estimating the volume growth of steady gradient Ricci solitons.
method Proved a volume growth estimate using Nash entropy.
result Volume growth rate is no smaller than $r^{ rac{n+1}{2}}$.
For any manifold with polynomial volume growth, we show: The dimension of the space of ancient caloric functions with polynomial growth is bounded by the degree of growth times the dimension of harmonic functions with the same growth. As a consequence, we get a sharp bound for the dimension of ancient caloric functions…
Estimates growth loss in fund models and proposes a shrinkage method.
problem Estimating growth loss in fund models under frequentist and Bayesian estimation.
method Proposes a shrinkage method to target maximal growth with minimal deviation.
result Empirical evidence shows shrinkage gives a stable estimate closer to growth potential.
Two rigidity theorems for manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature and specific volume growth.
problem Characterizing manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature and specific volume growth properties.
method Rigidity theorems based on volume growth and existence of harmonic functions.
result Conditions for the Riemannian universal cover to have Euclidean volume growth and existence of nonconstant linear growth harmonic functions.
Galor discovered many mysteries of the growth process. He lists them in his Unified Growth Theory and wonders how they can be explained. Close inspection of his mysteries reveals that they are of his own creation. They do not exist. He created them by his habitually distorted presentation of data. One of his self-creat…
We define a large class of abstract Coxeter groups, that we call --spanned, and for which the word growth rate and the geodesic growth rate appear to be Perron numbers. This class contains a fair amount of Coxeter groups acting on hyperbolic spaces, thus corroborating a conjecture by Kellerhals and Perren. We a…
Sharp growth tightness proven for group quotients.
problem Growth behavior of group quotients by confined subgroups.
method Statistically convex-cocompact action with contracting elements.
result Sharp growth tightness proven, with applications to uniformly recurrent subgroups.
Bubble Necessity Theoremecon.TH
Bubbles are essential in certain economic models with high growth and low interest rates.
problem Asset price bubbles exceeding fundamental values.
method Developed the Bubble Necessity Theorem in economic models with specific growth and interest rate conditions.
result Bubbles are inevitable in certain economic scenarios with high growth and low interest rates.
This study assesses how share capital affects financial growth of non-financial firms listed at NSE.
problem Non-financial firms listed at NSE struggle with financial growth due to declining performance and lack of investor interest.
method Descriptive and panel data analysis of 45 non-financial firms over 10 years.
result Share capital positively and significantly influences financial growth, explaining 32.73% and 11.62% of variations in earnings per share and market capitalization growth, respectively.
Study on polynomial growth functions and forms on gradient Ricci solitons.
problem Estimating dimensions of polynomial growth holomorphic functions and forms.
method Relating to spectral data of the -Laplacian, proving estimates under curvature assumptions.
result Sharp dimension estimates and almost sharp frequency estimates for polynomial growth holomorphic functions.
Graphs with stronger curvature grow faster.
problem Understanding volume growth on graphs with various curvatures.
method Examined inner-outer and Ricci-Ollivier curvatures to relate them to volume growth.
result Graphs with stronger inner-outer curvature growth have faster volume growth.
Study finds minimum growth rate for surface solutions.
problem Finding minimum growth rate for surface solutions.
method Analyzes minimal surface equation with zero boundary values over unbounded domains.
result Establishes lower bound for maximum solution values.
The monetary growth orderq-fin.GN
Growth of monetary assets and debts is commonly described by the formula of compound interest which for the case of continuous compounding is the exponential growth law. Its differential form is dc/dt = i c where dc/dt describes the rate of monetary growth, i the compounded interest rate and c the actual principal. Exp…
Study volume growth and asymptotic cones of nonnegative Ricci curvature manifolds.
problem Whether the volume growth order of manifolds is greater than or equal to the dimension of their asymptotic cones.
method Analyzing asymptotic cones and volume growth conditions, extending Sormani's results.
result Existence of asymptotic cones with upper box dimension at most equal to the volume growth order.
The study examines how automorphism growth rates of a group can be deduced from its simpler decompositions.
problem Determine automorphism growth rates of a group from its simpler decompositions.
method Analyze group decompositions into simpler pieces (direct products, free products, graph of groups) and deduce growth rates.
result Information about automorphism growth rates of a group can be deduced from its simpler decompositions.
Model predicts growth competition on curved surfaces.
problem Growth dynamics of two subsets on Riemannian manifolds.
method Modeling growth rates on spherically symmetric Riemannian manifolds.
result Conditions for bounded or unbounded growth on different manifolds.
Study of manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature and slow relative volume growth.
problem Understanding fundamental groups of manifolds with specific volume growth.
method Defined a function RV(s) to describe volume growth and studied fundamental groups with slow relative volume growth.
result If RV(s) grows sublinearly, fundamental groups are almost abelian or finite.
Classifies polynomial growth solutions to drift-harmonic equations on asymptotically paraboloidal manifolds.
problem Classifying polynomial growth solutions to drift-harmonic equations on specific types of manifolds.
method Inductive argument that alternates between constructing and asymptotically controlling drift-harmonic functions.
result All drift-harmonic functions with polynomial growth asymptotically separate variables and dimensions of spaces are computed.
Sharp volume growth ratio for 3D manifolds with positive scalar curvature.
problem Volume growth and scalar curvature in non-compact Riemannian manifolds.
method Analyzing 3D complete, non-compact manifolds with non-negative Ricci and positive scalar curvature.
result Obtained sharp linear volume growth ratio and rigidity.
Study growth of systoles in arithmetic manifolds, focusing on -dimensional cases.
problem Growth of systoles in arithmetic -manifolds along congruence coverings.
method Analyzes growth of -dimensional systoles in arithmetic -manifolds, proving polylogarithmic and constant power bounds.
result Growth of systoles for oscillates between a power of a logarithm and a power function of the degree of the covering.
Ancient solutions on a strip are constant if polynomial, and have finite-dimensional space for slower growth.
problem Characterizing ancient solutions on an infinite strip with polynomial and exponential growth.
method Analyzing parabolic equations on an infinite strip, proving properties of ancient solutions.
result Ancient solutions on the strip are constant if they grow polynomially, and have a finite-dimensional space for slower exponential growth.
This paper analyzes the robust growth rate of leveraged ETFs under uncertain parameters.
problem Analyzing the robust long-term growth rate of leveraged ETFs with uncertain parameters.
method Derive worst-case parameters using comparison principle and martingale extraction method.
result Explicitly obtain robust long-term growth rates under various models.
Polynomial growth bounds for eigenfunctions on non-compact spaces.
problem Growth of eigenfunctions on non-compact spaces with Gaussian weight.
method Analyzing non-compact manifolds with Gaussian weight and drift Laplacian.
result Showed same polynomial growth bounds as Euclidean space for general tensors.
Groups on CAT(0) cube complexes grow exponentially uniformly.
problem Uniform exponential growth of groups acting on CAT(0) cube complexes.
method Study groups acting without global fixed points on CAT(0) square complexes.
result Groups with uniform exponential growth or stabilize Euclidean subcomplexes.
Mathematical properties of the historical GDP/cap distributions are discussed and explained. These distributions are frequently incorrectly interpreted and the Unified Growth Theory is an outstanding example of such common misconceptions. It is shown here that the fundamental postulates of this theory are contradicted …
Study on RCD(0,N) spaces with small linear diameter growth.
problem Understanding structure properties of RCD(0,N) spaces.
method Analyzing the (revised) fundamental group of RCD(0,N) spaces.
result Proved that the revised fundamental group is finitely generated for RCD(0,N) spaces with small linear diameter growth.