The paper challenges the notion that asset return doesn't affect Black-Scholes-Merton model.
arXiv research
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Solves the Merton investment-consumption problem using a new approach.
Researchers find a timing error in Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model.
Study shows Merton model limits to Poisson process with log-normal intensity, improving default portfolio prediction.
Developed Merton's model for public companies using observed liabilities.
Solves Merton's investment-consumption problem with certainty equivalent approach.
Refining previously known estimates, we give large-strike asymptotics for the implied volatility of Merton's and Kou's jump diffusion models. They are deduced from call price approximations by transfer results of Gao and Lee. For the Merton model, we also analyse the density of the underlying and show that it features …
Investigates how trading boundaries change with transaction costs in portfolio selection.
Gauge symmetries explain the emergence of Merton-Garman equation from Black-Scholes in finance.
Develops Merton's model for private companies using DDM.
In this article we consider affine generalizations of the Merton jump diffusion model [Merton, J. Fin. Econ., 1976] and the respective pricing of European options. On the one hand, the Brownian motion part in the Merton model may be generalized to a log-Heston model, and on the other hand, the jump part may be generali…
Paper solves Merton's portfolio problem in a non-Markovian, non-semimartingale model.
The study models credit risk using Merton's framework and binomial trees.
Unified model integrates Bachelier and Black-Scholes-Merton for asset pricing.
Optimizes dynamic investment portfolios with correlated jumps.
Local equivalence found between Black-Scholes and Merton-Garman equations.
In this paper, we introduce an analytical perturbative solution to the Merton Garman model. It is obtained by doing perturbation theory around the exact analytical solution of a model which possesses a two-dimensional Galilean symmetry. We compare our perturbative solution of the Merton Garman model to Monte Carlo simu…
Investigates optimal investment strategies in financial markets with jumps.
In this letter, I consider the issue of pricing risky debt by following Merton's approach. I generalize Merton's results to the case where the interest rate is modeled by the CIR term structure. Exact closed forms are provided for the risky debt's price.
The generalized 5D Black-Scholes differential equation with stochastic volatility is derived. The projections of the stochastic evolutions associated with the random variables from an enlarged space or superspace onto an ordinary space can be achieved via higher-dimensional operators. The stochastic nature of the secur…
Bayesian approach to portfolio selection reduces pessimism in frequent trading.
In the framework of path integral the evolution operator kernel for the Merton-Garman Hamiltonian is constructed. Based on this kernel option formula is obtained, which generalizes the well-known Black-Scholes result. Possible approximation numerical schemes for path integral calculations are proposed.
Data-driven RL solves Merton's expected utility problem via policy randomization.
Solves wealth maximization problem using variational analysis.
Unified approach to Merton's portfolio problem using Pontryagin's principles.
New optimal investment strategies for finance and insurance using Hawkes-based models.
Enhances option pricing with fractional order Black-Scholes-Merton model.
While defaults are rare events, losses can be substantial even for credit portfolios with a large number of contracts. Therefore, not only a good evaluation of the probability of default is crucial, but also the severity of losses needs to be estimated. The recovery rate is often modeled independently with regard to th…
This research improves option pricing models using Heston, GARCH, and jump diffusion models.
We derive the Black-Scholes-Merton dual equation, which has exactly the same form as the Black-Scholes-Merton equation. The novel and general equation works for options with a payoff of homogeneous of degree one, including European, American, Bermudan, Asian, barrier, lookback, etc., and leads to new insights into pric…
This paper studies the properties of discrete time stochastic optimal control problems associated with portfolio selection. We investigate if optimal continuous time strategies can be used effectively for a discrete time market after a straightforward discretization. We found that Merton's strategy approximates the per…
In this paper we consider a modification of the classical Merton portfolio optimization problem. Namely, an investor can trade in financial asset and consume his capital. He is additionally endowed with a one unit of an indivisible asset which he can sell at any time. We give a numerical example of calculating the opti…
The study reveals traders' risk aversion and a new risk premium from market volumes.
We compare the option pricing formulas of Louis Bachelier and Black-Merton-Scholes and observe -- theoretically as well as for Bachelier's original data -- that the prices coincide very well. We illustrate Louis Bachelier's efforts to obtain applicable formulas for option pricing in pre-computer time. Furthermore we ex…
The study uses the Merton model to estimate PD and finds a phase transition affecting convergence speed.
Deep learning improves option pricing in incomplete markets.
This paper investigates Merton's portfolio problem in a rough stochastic environment described by Volterra Heston model. The model has a non-Markovian and non-semimartingale structure. By considering an auxiliary random process, we solve the portfolio optimization problem with the martingale optimality principle. Optim…
Hybrid model outperforms benchmarks in financial forecasting.
In this work, I generalize Merton's approach of pricing risky debt to the case where the interest rate risk is modeled by the CIR term structure. Closed form result for pricing the debt is given for the case where the firm value has non-zero correlation with the interest rate. This extends previous closed form pricing …
Solves optimal control for stochastic processes with absorbing states.
The paper extends Merton's problem by adding benchmark tracking, finding optimal strategies.
ETCNN uses neural networks to price American options accurately.
Extends BBSM model to incorporate ESG ratings and path dynamics.
This paper deals with the problem of discrete-time option pricing by the mixed fractional version of Merton model with transaction costs. By a mean-self-financing delta hedging argument in a discrete-time setting, a European call option pricing formula is obtained. We also investigate the effect of the time-step a…
We derived similar to Bo et al. (2010) results but in the case when the dynamics of the FX rate is driven by a general Merton jump-diffusion process. The main results of our paper are as follows: 1) formulas for the Esscher transform parameters which ensure that the martingale condition for the discounted foreign excha…
In this paper, we work in the framework of the Merton problem but we impose a drawdown constraint on the consumption process. This means that consumption can never fall below a fixed proportion of the running maximum of past consumption. In terms of economic motivation, this constraint represents a type of habit format…
We derive a closed form portfolio optimization rule for an investor who is diffident about mean return and volatility estimates, and has a CRRA utility. The novelty is that confidence is here represented using ellipsoidal uncertainty sets for the drift, given a volatility realization. This specification affords a simpl…
Study on spontaneous symmetry breaking in financial markets using quantum mechanics.