Gauge symmetries explain the emergence of Merton-Garman equation from Black-Scholes in finance.
arXiv research
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Local equivalence found between Black-Scholes and Merton-Garman equations.
In this paper, we introduce an analytical perturbative solution to the Merton Garman model. It is obtained by doing perturbation theory around the exact analytical solution of a model which possesses a two-dimensional Galilean symmetry. We compare our perturbative solution of the Merton Garman model to Monte Carlo simu…
The generalized 5D Black-Scholes differential equation with stochastic volatility is derived. The projections of the stochastic evolutions associated with the random variables from an enlarged space or superspace onto an ordinary space can be achieved via higher-dimensional operators. The stochastic nature of the secur…
In the framework of path integral the evolution operator kernel for the Merton-Garman Hamiltonian is constructed. Based on this kernel option formula is obtained, which generalizes the well-known Black-Scholes result. Possible approximation numerical schemes for path integral calculations are proposed.
Study on spontaneous symmetry breaking in financial markets using quantum mechanics.
Quantum mechanics models for financial Black-Scholes model.
The paper connects financial vacuum conditions to spontaneous symmetry breaking in quantum finance.