The paper introduces localized conformal p-values for conditional testing problems.
problem Addressing conditional testing problems in statistics.
method Localized conformal p-values defined by inverting prediction intervals.
result Proposes procedures for conditional outlier detection and label screening with FDR and FWER control.
LASLA improves multiple testing accuracy with network-structured data.
problem Efficiently incorporating complex side information into multiple testing.
method Locally adaptive structure learning algorithm (LASLA) integrating auxiliary information.
result LASLA asymptotically controls FDR and enhances power with side information.
We improve prediction set coverage by assigning weights to individual sets.
problem Aggregating multiple prediction sets weakens overall coverage guarantee.
method Propose a framework for weighted aggregation of prediction sets.
result Achieve tighter coverage bounds that interpolate between 1−2α and 1−α guarantees. A new method for anomaly detection adapts to local non-stationarity in low-data regimes.
problem Adapting conformal anomaly detection to handle distribution shifts in real-world data.
method Proposes a continuous inference relaxation using continuous weighted kernel density estimation to decouple local adaptation from tail resolution.
result Restores detection capabilities and statistical power in low-data regimes while maintaining valid error control.
When analyzing weighted networks using spectral embedding, a judicious transformation of the edge weights may produce better results. To formalize this idea, we consider the asymptotic behavior of spectral embedding for different edge-weight representations, under a generic low rank model. We measure the quality of dif…
Novel conformal methods test out-of-distribution data with labeled outliers.
problem Testing whether new data comes from the same distribution as a reference.
method Integrative conformal p-values re-weight standard p-values using dependent side information.
result The methods outperform standard conformal p-values in simulations and applications.
We present the expected values from p-value hacking as a choice of the minimum p-value among m independents tests, which can be considerably lower than the "true" p-value, even with a single trial, owing to the extreme skewness of the meta-distribution. We first present an exact probability distribution (meta-distrib…
Valid p-value for bounded random variables without distributional assumptions.
problem Calibration of predictive algorithms in a distribution-free setting.
method Built a super-uniform p-value based on a concentration inequality.
result Super-uniform p-value is tighter than existing alternatives.
Estimates peeking effects in p-values to correct bias.
problem Data peeking biases reported p-values downward.
method Develops mechanisms to estimate running extrema of test statistics.
result Corrects bias in p-values due to peeking.
The PC algorithm allows investigators to estimate a complete partially directed acyclic graph (CPDAG) from a finite dataset, but few groups have investigated strategies for estimating and controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) of the edges in the CPDAG. In this paper, we introduce PC with p-values (PC-p), a fast al…
The paper develops p-values for outlier detection using conformal inference.
problem Detecting outliers in nonparametric data sets.
method Conformal inference framework for constructing marginally valid but mutually dependent p-values.
result Valid p-values for outlier detection with conditional independence and marginal false discovery rate control.
New method converts p-values to e-values for more efficient CP and aggregation.
problem Limitations of existing p-to-e calibrators in CP setting.
method Proposes a novel P2E calibrator for set-preserving calibration.
result Significant efficiency gains over existing p-to-e calibrators.
We propose a differentiable sigmoid function for efficient p-value calculation in clustering.
problem Efficient and accurate p-value calculation for clustering algorithms.
method Designed a differentiable sigmoid function to approximate the Dip-p-value transformation.
result Accelerates computation and integrates well with gradient descent-based learning schemes.
We provide a new local class-purity theorem for Lipschitz continuous DNN classifiers. In addition, we discuss how to achieve classification margin for training samples. Finally, we describe how to compute margin p-values for test samples.
Many model selection algorithms produce a path of fits specifying a sequence of increasingly complex models. Given such a sequence and the data used to produce them, we consider the problem of choosing the least complex model that is not falsified by the data. Extending the selected-model tests of Fithian et al. (2014)…
Structural equation models and Bayesian networks have been widely used to study causal relationships between continuous variables. Recently, a non-Gaussian method called LiNGAM was proposed to discover such causal models and has been extended in various directions. An important problem with LiNGAM is that the results a…
This paper improves prediction accuracy for multi-input classification tasks using p-value aggregation.
problem Generating accurate predictive sets with guaranteed coverage for multi-input classification tasks.
method Integrates p-values from each observation to reduce the size of the predicted label set while maintaining class-conditional coverage.
result The method reduces the size of the predicted label set while preserving the required coverage guarantee.
Conformal Test Martingales can be 'blind' to significant changes in data distribution.
problem The converse of exchangeability does not hold, leading to potential blindness of CTMs.
method Explicit construction of A-cryptic change-point using bivariate Gaussian distributions. result CTMs can be perfectly cryptic to a significant change in marginal means.
Unified Bayesian framework improves clinical trial hypothesis testing.
problem Lack of transparency and inability to quantify evidence in traditional P-values.
method Interval null hypothesis framework combined with Bayes factor-based tests.
result Bayesian interval hypothesis testing ensures frequentist error control and interpretability.
A communication-efficient method controls FDR in network settings.
problem Controlling FDR in networks with limited communication.
method Sample-and-Forward: a flexible procedure for multihop networks.
result Nodes can control FDR without sharing p-values, achieving power and FDR control.
Assigning significance in high-dimensional regression is challenging. Most computationally efficient selection algorithms cannot guard against inclusion of noise variables. Asymptotically valid p-values are not available. An exception is a recent proposal by Wasserman and Roeder (2008) which splits the data into two pa…
In the online multiple testing problem, p-values corresponding to different null hypotheses are observed one by one, and the decision of whether or not to reject the current hypothesis must be made immediately, after which the next p-value is observed. Alpha-investing algorithms to control the false discovery rate (FDR…
Proposes a method to quantify the reliability of salient regions in deep learning models using p-values.
problem Difficulty in assessing the reliability of saliency maps generated by deep learning models.
method Proposes a selective inference framework to quantify the reliability of salient regions as selected hypotheses by deep learning models.
result The method can provably control the probability of false positive detections of salient regions.
Image segmentation is one of the most fundamental tasks of computer vision. In many practical applications, it is essential to properly evaluate the reliability of individual segmentation results. In this study, we propose a novel framework to provide the statistical significance of segmentation results in the form of …
This paper introduces an approach for detecting differences in the first-order structures of spatial point patterns. The proposed approach leverages the kernel mean embedding in a novel way by introducing its approximate version tailored to spatial point processes. While the original embedding is infinite-dimensional a…
In sensor networks, it is not always practical to set up a fusion center. Therefore, there is need for fully decentralized clustering algorithms. Decentralized clustering algorithms should minimize the amount of data exchanged between sensors in order to reduce sensor energy consumption. In this respect, we propose one…
A method selects candidates based on predictions with statistical control.
problem Screening candidates for resource-intensive steps like hiring or drug discovery.
method Wraps around any prediction model to produce a subset of candidates with controlled false selection rate.
result Empirically demonstrates selection of candidates whose predictions exceed a data-dependent threshold.
The p-Laplacian Transformer improves transformer models by assigning higher attention weights to tokens in close proximity.
problem The self-attention mechanism in transformers does not effectively distinguish attention weights between tokens in close and non-close proximity.
method Proposes a novel class of transformers, p-Laplacian Transformers, that use p-Laplacian regularization to assign higher attention weights to tokens in close proximity. result Empirically demonstrates that p-Laplacian Transformers outperform baseline transformers on various benchmark datasets.
The paper confirms two groups of gamma-ray bursts using a new nonparametric metric.
problem Determining the number of inherent groups in gamma-ray bursts.
method A new nonparametric interpoint distance-based measure, combined with clustering methods.
result Confirms two groups of short and long gamma-ray bursts.
Machine-learned anomaly detection in new-physics searches needs calibration and look-elsewhere correction
problem Machine-learned anomaly detection in new-physics searches
method Conformal prediction layer
result Calibrated significance with distribution-free guarantees
New method tests Granger non-causality in panel data with cross-sectional dependencies.
problem Testing Granger non-causality in panel data with cross-sectional dependencies.
method Proposes a new approach to aggregate p-values from panel members to test Granger non-causality, showing lower FDR.
result Our approach discovers true causal relations in panel data, unlike state-of-the-art methods.
E-values enhance conformal prediction methods.
problem Distribution-free uncertainty quantification.
method Reformulation of conformal prediction using e-values.
result E-values offer new theoretical and practical capabilities.
Logistic regression for brain imaging without p-values.
problem Computing the distribution of random field suprema is hard.
method Uses logistic regression for brain network classification.
result Performs classification at each edge level without preselected features.
This paper introduces a new method to compare collections of distributions on manifolds and graphs.
problem Comparing collections of probability distributions over diverse domains.
method Intrinsic slicing construction for Wasserstein distances, Hilbert embedding, resampling, p-value combination.
result Powerful and well-calibrated p-values for comparing distributions on manifolds and graphs.
Let (X,Y) be a random variable consisting of an observed feature vector X∈X and an unobserved class label Y∈{1,2,...,L} with unknown joint distribution. In addition, let D be a training data set consisting of n completely observed independent copies of (X,Y). Usual classification…
Paper extends SI method for detecting CPs in complex systems' frequency domain.
problem Identifying change points in complex systems' frequency domain.
method Extends SI framework to frequency domain using DFT properties and develops valid p-values.
result Reliable detection of genuine CPs with strong statistical guarantees.
The most popular approach for analyzing survival data is the Cox regression model. The Cox model may, however, be misspecified, and its proportionality assumption may not always be fulfilled. An alternative approach for survival prediction is random forests for survival outcomes. The standard split criterion for random…
Solves capillary curvature problems for specific p values.
problem Capillary curvature problems for −n<p<1 and θ∈(0,2π). method Iterative scheme based on capillary Minkowski problem and capillary curvature image operators.
result Fixed points of capillary curvature image operators correspond to solutions of capillary Lp-Minkowski problem. OptCS optimizes model selection after conformal inference, controlling FDR and power loss.
problem Challenges in model selection for conformal inference, especially when limited labeled data and many model choices are available.
method OptCS framework that allows valid statistical testing after flexible data-driven model optimization, using novel multiple testing procedures.
result Valid conformal p-values constructed despite substantial data reuse, maintaining FDR control.
Method predicts rarity of image features to support research integrity investigations.
problem Difficulty in determining if image reuse is by chance or intentional.
method Statistical estimation of ORB features' chance occurrence across PubMed Open Access Subset dataset.
result The method produces decreasingly smaller p-values for more complex imagery, supporting null hypothesis.
Unified theoretical guarantees for distribution-free changepoint detection and testing.
problem Distribution-free changepoint inference with finite-sample validity and consistency.
method Distribution-free changepoint localization using conformal p-values with theoretical guarantees.
result Unified distribution-free guarantees for changepoint detection, localization, and testing.
New algorithms predict causal links better than traditional methods in time series data.
problem Learning causal structure from time series data with challenges in real-world Earth sciences.
method Combination of established ideas for linear methods to identify causal links in non-linear systems, with a focus on large regression coefficients.
result Large regression coefficients can predict causal links better than small p-values in practice.
Paper introduces a method to assess the statistical reliability of changepoints using selective inference and dynamic programming.
problem Assessing the statistical reliability of detected changepoints.
method Selective inference framework combined with dynamic programming for exact p-value computation.
result Proposes a method with high statistical power and decent computational efficiency.
We propose a linear-time, single-pass, top-down algorithm for multiple testing on directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), where nodes represent hypotheses and edges specify a partial ordering in which hypotheses must be tested. The procedure is guaranteed to reject a sub-DAG with bounded false discovery rate (FDR) while satisf…
Enhances power of covariance matrix tests for high-dimensional data.
problem Testing large covariance matrices in high-dimensional data.
method Proposes a new Fisher's combined probability test for quadratic form and maximum form statistics.
result Boosts power against more general alternatives.
Paper develops a new method for open-set and imbalanced classification with valid prediction sets.
problem Tackles open-set and imbalanced classification with new prediction methods.
method Develops a new family of conformal p-values and a selective sample splitting algorithm.
result Valid prediction sets with valid coverage in open-set scenarios and informative predictions under extreme class imbalance.
Python package 'nonconform' simplifies conformal anomaly detection.
problem Heuristic thresholding in anomaly detection systems.
method 'nonconform' package converts anomaly scores into calibrated p-values.
result Statistically principled anomaly detection is made accessible.
Randomized hierarchical clustering tests for stability and detects clusters.
problem Greedy hierarchical clustering's sensitivity to data perturbations.
method Randomization scheme and p-values at each node.
result Valid hypothesis testing procedures for clustering results.