Proves codimension 2 spun embedding for specific manifolds.
problem Codimension 2 spun embedding for manifolds.
method Proves embedding using open book decompositions and spin structures.
result Proves spun embedding for simply connected spin 5-manifolds and 3-dimensional open books.
Study of codimension-1 embeddings in 3-manifolds using twist maps and push maps.
problem Embedding 3-manifolds in specific topological spaces.
method Sphere twist maps and push maps to construct codimension-1 spun embeddings.
result Every closed orientable 3-manifold admits a codimension-1 spun embedding in specific spaces.
Embeds all contact 3-manifolds into specific 5-manifolds.
problem Embedding all contact 3-manifolds into fixed contact 5-manifolds.
method Spun embeddings and Lefschetz fibrations.
result Embeds all contact 3-manifolds into a Stein fillable contact structure on the twisted S3-bundle over S2 and a unique overtwisted contact structure on S3imesS2. Given a 3 manifold M with torus boundary and an ideal triangulation, Yoshida and Tillmann give different methods to construct surfaces embedded in M from ideal points of the deformation variety. Yoshida builds a surface from twisted squares whereas Tillmann produces a spun-normal surface. We investigate the relation be…
Using spinning we analyze in a geometric way Haefliger's smoothly knotted (4k-1)-spheres in the 6k-sphere. Consider the 2-torus standardly embedded in the 3-sphere, which is further standardly embedded in the 6-sphere. At each point of the 2-torus we have the normal disk pair: a 4-dimensional disk and a 1-dimensional p…
Minimal area of spun trefoil knot is found in 4D cubical space.
problem Finding the minimum area for a spun trefoil knot in 4D cubical space.
method Defined minimal area of cubical 2-knots, used isotopy to find minimum area for spun trefoil.
result Spun trefoil knot requires a specific minimal area in 4D cubical space.
In this paper, we will compute the dimension of the space of spun and ordinary normal surfaces in an ideal triangulation of the interior of a compact 3-manifold with incompressible tori or Klein bottle components. Spun normal surfaces have been described in unpublished work of Thurston. We also define a boundary map fr…
Extends exotic embeddings of RP^2 to a larger family and produces homotopy spheres.
problem Constructing exotic embeddings of RP^2 and homotopy spheres.
method Using Montesinos knots and roll-spun knots to prove the existence of homotopy spheres.
result An infinite family of homotopy spheres and homotopy CP^2s are produced.
Legendrian products can be twist spuns under certain conditions.
problem Understanding when Legendrian products are twist spuns.
method Using Legendrian contact homology and augmentation variety analysis.
result Not all Legendrian products are twist spuns.
Authors find no positive spun triangulations for certain hyperbolic 3-manifolds.
problem Finding positive spun triangulations for hyperbolic 3-manifolds.
method Using Choi's result, they provide examples of closed hyperbolic 3-manifolds and geodesics without positive spun ideal triangulations.
result They provide evidence for the conjecture that Vol3 has no positive spun ideal triangulation for any choice of geodesic.
Polynomially parameterizes knots and spheres, proving analogous results.
problem Parameterizing knots and spheres using polynomials.
method Analogous to classical knots, parameterized long 2-knots and certain classes of knotted spheres.
result Polynomial parameterizations for knotted spheres constructed.
The paper examines trisection diagrams of spun knots and shows they are standard for certain cases.
problem Whether trisection diagrams induced by the Gluck surgery on specific knots are standard.
method Explicit depiction and analysis of trisection diagrams for spun (2n+1,−2)-torus knots. result Trisection diagrams are standard for spun (2n+1,−2)-torus knots when n=1 and homologically standard for all n. Frame-spun knots are constructed by spinning a knot of lower dimension about a framed submanifold of S^n. We show that all frame-spun knots are slice (null-cobordant).
Proof of existence for ideal triangulations that normalize fibers in certain 3-manifolds.
problem Existence of ideal triangulations that normalize fibers in specific 3-manifolds.
method Proof and algorithm construction for ideal triangulations.
result Existence of ideal triangulations that normalize fibers in certain 3-manifolds.
New bounds found for complexity of spun knots.
problem Measuring complexity of spun knots.
method Using bridge trisections and distances in the pants complex.
result Bound the Kirby-Thompson invariant of spun knots.
The knot quandle of twist-spun trefoils is studied, revealing finite cardinality for small twists.
problem Understanding the knot quandle of twist-spun trefoils.
method Analyzing the quandle structure of 3- to 5-twist-spun trefoils and the relationship with regular tessellations. result The cardinality of the knot quandle of m-twist-spun trefoils is finite if and only if 1≤m≤5. Standard trisection diagrams found for a specific type of knot.
problem Finding standard trisection diagrams for Gluck twists.
method Using a specific method to obtain trisection diagrams for spun (p+1,p)-torus knots. result Standard trisection diagrams were found for the spun (p+1,p)-torus knots. The paper extends spun knot concepts to virtual 1-knots and 2-knots, proving equivalence relations and new constructions.
problem Generalizing spun knots to virtual 1-knots and 2-knots and establishing equivalence relations.
method Developed a spinning construction for virtual 1-knots and 2-knots, using fiber-circles and isotopy.
result Proved new equivalence relations and found virtual 2-knots that are E-equivalent but not fiberwise equivalent. We show that if a co-dimension two knot is deform-spun from a lower-dimensional co-dimension 2 knot, there are constraints on the Alexander polynomials. In particular this shows, for all n, that not all co-dimension 2 knots in S^n are deform-spun from knots in S^{n-1}.
The concept of a normal surface in a triangulated, compact 3-manifold was generalised by Thurston to a spun-normal surface in a non-compact 3-manifold with ideal triangulation. This paper defines a boundary curve map which takes a spun-normal surface to an element of the direct sum of the first homology groups of the v…
Much work has been done on the existence and uniqueness of broken Lefschetz fibrations such as those by Auroux et al., Gay and Kirby, Lekili, Akbulut and Karakurt, Baykur, and Williams, but there has been a lack of explicit examples. A theorem of Gay and Kirby suggests the existence of a broken Lefschetz fibration of S…
With the aid of a computer, we provide a motion picture of the twist-spun trefoil which exhibits the periodicity well.
New knot quandle structure for twist-spun trefoils discovered.
problem Understanding symmetries of knot-spun structures.
method Defined Schläfli quandles and studied their relationship with knot quandles.
result The knot quandle of the twist-spun trefoil is a central extension of a Schläfli quandle.
Study of 3-manifolds in 5-sphere using bridge decompositions.
problem Understanding embeddings of 3-manifolds in 5-sphere.
method Introduce and study bridge decompositions, use multisections of 5-manifolds.
result Every embedded 3-manifold admits a bridge decomposition.
The paper generates triangulations of 2-knot complements via spinning 1-knots.
problem Generating triangulations of 2-knot complements.
method Algorithm to generate triangulations of 2-knot complements obtained by spinning 1-knots.
result Triangulations of exteriors of 2-knots from all 1-knots with up to eight crossings.
The paper constructs multisections for m-spun 3-manifolds in higher dimensions.
problem Finding multisections for higher-dimensional manifolds.
method Extending the concept of spun 3-manifolds to higher dimensions, constructing multisections and diagrams.
result Infinitely many examples of non-diffeomorphic multisected manifolds in all dimensions.
The paper constructs non-diffeomorphic trisections of 4-manifolds.
problem Constructing distinct trisections of the same genus on a fixed 4-manifold.
method Using spun Seifert fiber spaces and Meier's spun trisections, the paper constructs 2k−1 non-diffeomorphic (3k,k)-trisections. result The Nielsen classes of the generators of the fundamental group are isotopy invariants of the trisection.
We consider a surface link in the 4-space which can be presented by a simple branched covering over the standard torus, which we call a torus-covering link. Torus-covering links include spun T2-knots and turned spun T2-knots. In this paper we braid a torus-covering link over the standard 2-sphere. This gives an u…
Khovanov homology fails to differentiate certain slice disks.
problem Differentiating roll-spun slice disks from trivial ones.
method Using Khovanov homology and Morse theory.
result Khovanov homology cannot distinguish roll-spun slice disks from trivial ones.
The paper proves properties of branched covers of specific knots and tori.
problem Investigating the smoothness and diffeomorphism of specific 4-manifolds.
method Analyzing double branched covers of twist-roll spun knots and turned twisted tori, applying techniques to show diffeomorphism.
result Proves that certain 4-manifolds are diffeomorphic to standard manifolds.
Techniques for constructing codimension 2 embeddings and immersions of the 2 and 3-fold branched covers of the 3 and 4-dimensional spheres are presented. These covers are in braided form, and it is in this sense that they are folded. More precisely the composition of the embedding (or immersion) and the canonical proje…
We construct a 2+1 dimensional classical gauge theory on manifolds with spin structure whose action is a refinement of the Atiyah-Patodi- Singer eta-invariant for twisted Dirac operators. We investigate the properties of the Lagrangian field theory for closed, spun 3-manifolds and compact, spun 3-manifolds with boundar…
Characterizes groups of branched twist-spun knots.
problem Understanding the groups of branched twist-spun knots.
method Characterization through 3-manifold groups and conjectural algebraic approach.
result Each group is the group of at most finitely many branched twist spins.
We will discuss a method for visual presentation of knotted surfaces in the four space, by examining a number and a position of its Morse's critical points. Using this method, we will investigate surface-knot with one critical point of index 1. Then we show infinitely many mutually distinct surface-knots that has an em…
Study lengths of 3-cocycles for specific quandles, finding knot properties.
problem Determining lengths of 3-cocycles for 7-dihedral and octahedral quandles.
method Analyzing specific quandles to find lengths of 3-cocycles.
result 2-twist-spun 52-knot and 4-twist-spun trefoil have triple point number eight. Paper shows how to twist knots to make them trivial or non-trivial.
problem Understanding the behavior of knots under twist-spinning operations.
method Analyzes the effect of m1- and m2-twist-spinning on classical knots. result Shows conditions for a knot to be trivial or non-trivial after certain twist-spinning operations.
Let N be a closed oriented k-dimensional submanifold of the (k+2)-dimensional sphere; denote its complement by C(N). Denote by x the 1-dimensional cohomology class in C(N), dual to N. The Morse-Novikov number of C(N) is by definition the minimal possible number of critical points of a regular Morse map f from C(N) to a…
Maps minimize periodic points for high periods, but not for low periods.
problem Understanding periodic points of maps on infinite type surfaces.
method Analysis of isotopic maps, spun pseudo-Anosov maps, and Handel-Miller maps.
result Spun pseudo-Anosov maps minimize periodic points for sufficiently high periods.
Let K⊂S4 be a 2-knot, that is, a smoothly embedded 2-sphere in S4. The Morse-Novikov number MN(K) is the minimal possible number of critical points of a Morse map S4∖K→S1 belonging to the canonical class in H1(S4∖K). We prove that for a classical knot $K\sub…
We give a simple sufficient condition for a spun-normal surface in an ideal triangulation to be incompressible, namely that it is a vertex surface with non-empty boundary which has a quadrilateral in each tetrahedron. While this condition is far from being necessary, it is powerful enough to give two new results: the e…
We define a knot invariant and a 2-knot invariant from any finite categorical group. We calculate an explicit example for the Spun Trefoil.
Algorithm computes Thurston norm for hyperbolic 3-manifolds.
problem Computing the Thurston norm for hyperbolic 3-manifolds.
method Developed a theory of spun-normal immersed surfaces and implemented an algorithm.
result Computed the unit ball of the Thurston norm for cusped hyperbolic 3-manifolds.
We introduce a new construction of a surface link in the 4-space. We construct a surface link as a branched covering over the standard torus, which we call a torus-covering link. We show that a certain torus-covering T2-link is equivalent to the split union of spun T2-links and turned spun T2-links. We show th…
The paper studies 4-charts with three crossings and their equivalence to a specific knot.
problem Investigating the structure and equivalence of 4-charts with three crossings.
method Examining charts as oriented labeled graphs in a disk, focusing on acyclic components and equivalence through label-orientation-reflection.
result Any linear minimal 4-chart with three crossings is equivalent to a 2-twist spun trefoil knot.
Study trisections of spun 4-manifolds from 3-manifolds.
problem Understanding trisections of 4-manifolds from 3-manifolds.
method Local modifications to Heegaard diagrams to create trisection diagrams.
result New 4-manifolds with trisection genus three identified.
The Whitehead link complement's geometry and topology are studied using ideal triangulations and tropical geometry.
problem Understanding the geometry and topology of the Whitehead link complement and its Dehn surgeries.
method Ideal triangulations, spun-normal surfaces, and tropical geometry.
result All boundary curves of the Whitehead link complement are strongly detected by its character variety.
The paper defines simplified trisections and provides a mapping class group criterion for their diagrams.
problem Characterizing diagrams of simplified trisections in terms of mapping class groups.
method Developed a necessary and sufficient condition for diagrams of simplified trisections using mapping class groups.
result Established that trisections of spun 4-manifolds are diffeomorphic to simplified ones.
New procedures connect braid charts, triplane diagrams, and braid movies for knotted surfaces.
problem Understanding the braid index and bridge index of knotted surfaces in 4D.
method Introducing rainbow diagrams and new procedures for passing among triplane diagrams, braid movies, and braid charts.
result Inequalities relating braid index and bridge index of 2-knots are obtained.