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0111 · Sep 201219922001200920172026
14 results for quasigroups

Distributivity in algebraic structures appeared in many contexts such as in quasigroup theory, semigroup theory and algebraic knot theory. In this paper we give a survey of distributivity in quasigroup theory and in quandle theory.

2012-09-28abs ↗pdf ↗

We show that some ternary quasigroups appear naturally as invariants of classical links and links on surfaces. We also note how to obtain from them invariants of Yoshikawa moves. In our previous paper, we defined homology theory for algebras satisfying two axioms derived from the third Reidemeister move. In this paper,…

2017-08-17abs ↗pdf ↗

It is a classical result in reduced homology of finite groups that the order of a group annihilates its homology. Similarly, we have proved that the torsion subgroup of rack and quandle homology of a finite quasigroup quandle is annihilated by its order. However, it does not hold for connected quandles in general. In t…

2015-10-12abs ↗pdf ↗

We prove that if Q is a finite quasigroup quandle, then |Q| annihilates the torsion of its homology. It is a classical result in reduced homology of finite groups that the order of a group annihilates its homology. From the very beginning of the rack homology (between 1990 and 1995) the analogous result was suspected. …

2014-11-06abs ↗pdf ↗

We inductively define layers of colorings of knot and knotted surface diagrams using ternary quasigroups. Homological invariants from such systems of colorings use shorter differentials and of higher degree than the standard homology differentials, and give access to typically more complex homology groups.

2019-03-26abs ↗pdf ↗

We characterize the para-associative ternary quasigroups (flocks) applicable to knot theory, and show which of these structures are isomorphic. We enumerate them up to order 64. We note that the operation used in knot-theoretic flocks has its non-associative version in extra loops. We use a group action on the set of f…

2019-08-26abs ↗pdf ↗

The paper describes topological properties of arcs and crossings in knot theory.

problem Understanding the topological nature of arcs and crossings in knot theory.
method Topological description of arcs and crossings as isotopy classes of probes, homotopy classes of diagram elements.
result Sets of arcs and crossings are fundamental for algebraic objects like quandles, partial ternary quasigroups, biquandloids, and crossoids.

Given a shadow biquandle (B,X)(B,X) composed of a biquandle BB and a strongly connected BB-set XX, we have a local biquandle structure on XX. The (co)homology groups of such shadow biquandles are isomorphic to those of the corresponding local biquandles. Moreover, cocycle invariants, of oriented links and oriented sur…

2018-11-30abs ↗pdf ↗