The study of random positive 3-strand braids reveals patterns in the roots of their Alexander polynomials.
problem Investigating the roots of Alexander polynomials of random positive 3-strand braids.
method Experimental data analysis, conjectures refinement, and proof of results using tools like the signature function of links and Lyapunov exponent of the Burau representation.
result Generically, at least 69% of the roots of Alexander polynomials are on the unit circle, with a large root-free region near the origin.
Positive representations of surface groups in PO(p,q) form connected components of character varieties.
problem Characterizing representations of surface groups in special orthogonal groups PO(p,q).
method Using Anosov representations and root versus weight collar lemmas.
result Connected components of character varieties are formed by Θ-positive Anosov representations. New method efficiently learns positive-definite curvature for neural nets.
problem Efficiently learn positive-definite curvature for neural net training.
method Spectral-factorized positive-definite curvature learning approach.
result Efficiently applies arbitrary matrix roots and generic curvature learning.
Generalizes positivity conjecture to Roger--Yang skein algebras using polynomials.
problem Positivity conjecture for Roger--Yang skein algebras.
method Used explicit polynomials like Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind to give candidates of positive bases.
result Polynomials form a lower bound in the sense of [Lê18] and [LTY21].
For an arbitrary positive integer n, we construct infinitely many one-cusped hyperbolic 3-manifolds where each manifold's A-polynomial detects every n-th root of unity. This answers a question of Cooper, Culler, Gillet, Long, and Shalen as to which roots of unity arise in this manner.
Let W be an infinite Coxeter group. We initiate the study of the set E of limit points of "normalized" positive roots (representing the directions of the roots) of W. We show that E is contained in the isotropic cone of the bilinear form B associated to a geometric representation, and illustrate this property with nume…
Characterizes invariant spinors on flag manifolds.
problem Existence of non-trivial invariant spinors on flag manifolds.
method Based on combinatorial properties of positive roots.
result Bounds for the dimension of invariant spinors.
A new method solves large-scale sparse group square-root Lasso problems efficiently.
problem Large-scale linearly constrained sparse group square-root Lasso problems.
method Dual semismooth Newton based augmented Lagrangian method (ALM).
result The proposed method efficiently solves the problem with numerical experiments demonstrating its effectiveness.
It is argued that arguments for strict prohibition of interests must be based on the use of arguments from authority. This is carried out by first making a survey of so-called dialectical roots for interest prohibition and then demonstrating that for at least one important positive interest bearing financial product, t…
We find braid positive presentations for most L-space knots, except one, and explore related knot properties.
problem Characterizing L-space knots and their braid positivity.
method Examined SnapPy census knots, used HOMFLY polynomial analysis, and investigated Alexander polynomials.
result One L-space knot is not braid positive, and a 1-parameter family of hyperbolic L-space knots might not be.
Categorifies colored Jones polynomial at roots of unity.
problem Categorification of colored Jones polynomial.
method Differential on triply-graded homology, compatible with p-differential structure.
result Categorification of the colored Jones polynomial at a root of unity.
We introduce a remarkable subset "the stem" of the set of positive roots of a reduced root system. The stem determines several interesting decompositions of the corresponding reductive Lie algebra. It gives also a nice simple three dimensional subalgebra and a "Cayley transform". In the present paper we apply the above…
Introduces a new elliptic operator with positive eigenvalue.
problem None explicitly stated in the abstract.
method Introduces a new elliptic operator called the two-radical Laplace operator.
result The eigenvalue of the new operator is the positive square root of the Laplace operator's eigenvalue.
We develop Square Root Graphical Models (SQR), a novel class of parametric graphical models that provides multivariate generalizations of univariate exponential family distributions. Previous multivariate graphical models [Yang et al. 2015] did not allow positive dependencies for the exponential and Poisson generalizat…
In this paper, we determine the partial positivity(resp., negativity) of the curvature of all irreducible Riemannian symmetric spaces. From the classifications of abstract root systems and maximal subsystems, we can give the calculations for symmetric spaces both in classical types and in exceptional types.
Investigates locally symmetric polynomial metrics in Riemannian and Finslerian surfaces.
problem Analyzing locally symmetric polynomial metrics in Riemannian and Finslerian surfaces.
method Examines Riemannian and Finslerian surfaces, providing necessary and sufficient conditions for locally symmetric fourth root metrics in 2D and more complex conditions for higher dimensions.
result Formulates conditions for positive definiteness of locally symmetric polynomial metrics in Finslerian surfaces and provides explicit examples.
Proves a quasi-order on fibre surfaces of positive braid links.
problem Ordering fibre surfaces of positive braid links.
method Analyzes quasipositive surfaces and their inclusions.
result Induced order on fibre surfaces is a well-quasi-order under certain conditions.
New invariants detect exotic smooth structures in 4-manifolds.
problem Detect exotic smooth structures in 4-manifolds using invariants of 2-handlebodies.
method Investigates invariants of 4-dimensional 2-handlebodies from the Temperley-Lieb category in positive characteristic.
result Height n=2 invariant vanishes on CP2, CP2, and S2imesS2 for p>3. We show the existence of a smooth solution for the flow deformed by the square root of the scalar curvature multiplied by a positive anisotropic factor ψ given a strictly convex initial hypersurface in Euclidean space suitably pinched. We also prove the convergence of rescaled surfaces to a smooth limit manifold whic…
We study the spaces of polynomials stratified into the sets of polynomial with fixed number of roots inside certain semialgebraic region Ω, on its border, and at the complement to its closure. Presented approach is a generalisation, unification and development of several classical approaches to stability problems in …
Natural volume forms defined for pseudo-Finslerian manifolds with specific metrics.
problem Defining natural volume forms on pseudo-Finslerian manifolds with m-th root metrics. method Definitions depend on the parity of m, expressed in terms of Cayley hyperdeterminants. result Volume forms computation simplified by avoiding integration over the indicatrix.
The paper characterizes roots of pseudo-periodic mapping classes in surface groups.
problem Characterizing roots of pseudo-periodic mapping classes in surface groups.
method Using pseudo-periodic mapping classes, canonical decomposition, and algorithms, the paper derives necessary and sufficient conditions for roots and provides an algorithm to determine conjugacy classes of roots.
result Realizable bounds on the degrees of roots of pseudo-periodic mapping classes and the highest possible degree is 3q(F)(g+1)(g+2).
To each unit complex number with positive imaginary part there is defined a Tristram-Levine knot signature function. The set of all such signature functions is linearly independent as a set of functions defined on the set of all knots. The set of averaged signature functions forms a linearly independent set of homomoro…
Usually, in the Black-Scholes pricing theory the volatility is a positive real parameter. Here we explore what happens if it is allowed to be a complex number. The function for pricing a European option with a complex volatility has essential singularities at zero and infinity. The singularity at zero reflects the put-…
Researchers map the fundamental group of polynomial strata to a braid group.
problem Understanding the fundamental group of polynomial strata.
method Analyzing the logarithmic derivative of polynomials to determine the map to a braid group.
result The map from the fundamental group of a stratum to a braid group is characterized by the geometry of the translation surface structure.
Establishes geometric properties of elements in the positive semigroup of a general real semisimple Lie group.
problem Generalizing Lusztig's total positivity to the setting of general real semisimple Lie groups.
method Classifying Lie groups admitting a positive structure and establishing key properties of unipotent positive semigroups.
result Establishes key geometric properties of elements in the positive semigroup.
Let M be a closed orientable 3-manifold with a negatively curved Riemannian metric. Let {M_i} be a collection of finite regular covers with degree d_i. (1) If the Heegaard genus of M_i grows more slowly than the square root of d_i, then M_i has positive first Betti number for all sufficiently large i. (2) The strong He…
New link homologies categorify Jones polynomial at odd prime powers.
problem Categorify Jones polynomial at odd prime powers.
method Specialize Cautis differential to positive integers.
result Non-isomorphic link homologies for odd primes.
Agent-based market shows herding cycles with square-root price impact.
problem Understanding herding cycles in agent-based markets.
method Agent-based model with 20,000 retail traders interacting with a single institutional agent.
result Agent discovers multi-cycle predatory strategy with 8-11 complete cycles over 2000 trading days.
A compact Riemannian homogeneous space G/H, with a bi--invariant orthogonal decomposition g=h+m is called positively curved for commuting pairs, if the sectional curvature vanishes for any tangent plane in TeH(G/H) spanned by a linearly independent commuting pair in $\mathfrak{…
Characterizes flag geometries for Hitchin representations in SL3(R).
problem Understanding flag geometries associated with Hitchin representations in SL3(R).
method Geometric characterization based on invariant foliations and refraction flows.
result Constructs refraction flows for positive roots in general sl_n(R), with highest root flows being C^1+α.
New proof classifies homogeneous 3-Sasakian and quaternionic Kähler manifolds.
problem Classifying homogeneous 3-Sasakian and quaternionic Kähler manifolds.
method Constructing an explicit one-to-one correspondence via root systems and analyzing properties of real projective spaces.
result Derivation of the classification of homogeneous positive quaternionic Kähler manifolds.
Let G0 be a connected, simply connected real simple Lie group. Suppose that G0 has a compact Cartan subgroup T0, so it has discrete series representations. Relative to T0 there is a distinguished positive root system Δ+ for which there is a unique noncompact simple root ν, the "Borel -- de Siebenthal s…
We show that if the fundamental group of the complement of a rationally homologically fibered knot in a rational homology 3-sphere is bi-orderable, then its Alexander polynomial has at least one positive real root. Our argument can be applied for a finitely generated group which is an HNN extension with certain propert…
A simple trading model based on pair pattern strategy space with holding periods is proposed. Power-law behaviors are observed for the return variance σ2, the price impact H and the predictability K for both models with linear and square root impact functions. The sum of the traders' wealth displays a positive v…
We classify all knot diagrams of genus two and three, and give applications to positive, alternating and homogeneous knots, including a classification of achiral genus 2 alternating knots, slice or achiral 2-almost positive knots, a proof of the 3- and 4-move conjectures, and the calculation of the maximal hyperbolic v…
We present a novel k-way high-dimensional graphical model called the Generalized Root Model (GRM) that explicitly models dependencies between variable sets of size k > 2---where k = 2 is the standard pairwise graphical model. This model is based on taking the k-th root of the original sufficient statistics of any univa…
New complex structures found in quantum SU(3) manifold.
problem Exploring non-commutative complex structures in quantum SU(3) manifold.
method Examined the rank two case of quantum SU(3) manifold, analyzing its differential calculus and non-commutative complex geometry.
result Found that the number of almost-complex structures reduces from 8 to 4, and each is integrable (complex structure).
Volterra square-root process boundary behavior and martingale measures
problem Boundary behavior of the Volterra square-root process
method Comparison principles for Volterra integral equations and generalized Riemann-Liouville fractional equations
result Finiteness of negative p-moments and atom at the boundary for rough kernels We find decomposition series of length at most two for modular representations in positive characteristic of mapping class groups of surfaces induced by an integral version of the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev SO(3)-TQFT at the p-th root of unity, where p is an odd prime. The dimensions of the irreducible factors are given…
Liouville entropy increases strictly along Ricci flow on surfaces.
problem Understanding the behavior of Liouville entropy under Ricci flow.
method New expression for Liouville entropy derivative, proof of positivity in specific directions.
result Liouville entropy is strictly increasing along normalized Ricci flow for 1/6-pinched metrics.
Turbiner's conjecture posits that a Lie-algebraic Hamiltonian operator whose domain is a subset of the Euclidean plane admits a separation of variables. A proof of this conjecture is given in those cases where the generating Lie-algebra acts imprimitively. The general form of the conjecture is false. A counter-example …
We consider a family of Kähler structures on products of 2-spheres, arising from complex Bott manifolds. These are obtained via iterated P1-bundle constructions, generalizing the classical Hirzebruch surfaces. We show that the resulting Kähler structures all have identical Chern classes. We construct Bott di…
Two-root Riemannian manifolds have no odd-dimensional examples.
problem Characterizing Riemannian manifolds with specific eigenvalues of the Jacobi operator.
method Investigation of k-root manifolds, focusing on one-root and two-root cases. result There are no two-root Riemannian manifolds of odd dimension.
Noninjective monodromy found in polynomial critical point tracking.
problem Tracking critical points in polynomials leads to noninjective monodromy.
method Monic squarefree complex polynomials with prescribed critical point multiplicities.
result Monodromy map is noninjective for polynomials with exactly two critical points.
In this paper, we characterize locally dually flat generalized m-th root Finsler metrics. Then we find a condition under which a generalized m-th root metric is projectively related to a m-th root metric. Finally, we prove that if a generalized m-th root metric is conformal to a m-th root metric, then both of them redu…
This work presents a parametrized family of divergences, namely Alpha-Beta Log- Determinant (Log-Det) divergences, between positive definite unitized trace class operators on a Hilbert space. This is a generalization of the Alpha-Beta Log-Determinant divergences between symmetric, positive definite matrices to the infi…
New definition of patient-specific root causes of disease using counterfactuals.
problem Lack of rigorous mathematical formulation for automatic detection of root causes.
method Proposes a counterfactual definition matching clinical intuition and uses Shapley values for causal contribution scores.
result Adapts to disease prevalence, accounts for noisy labels, and admits fast computation.