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arXiv research

A locally-built, LLM-digested index of recent arXiv papers in quant finance, geometry/topology, and statistical ML — keyword search served straight from SQLite on this machine.

168,695 papers · 148 categories

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179359538717 · Jun 202019922001200920172026
48 results for observable estimation

The paper compares and optimizes estimators for treatment effects with observed confounders and mediators.

problem Estimating treatment effects with observed confounders and mediators.
method Investigates the linear Gaussian causal model, compares and optimizes estimators, and combines datasets.
result An optimal estimator outperforms the backdoor and frontdoor estimators by an unbounded constant factor.

Algorithm estimates nonparametric mixtures from grouped data.

problem Estimating identifiable nonparametric mixture models from grouped observations.
method Oracle inequality for weighted kernel density estimators and general consistency result.
result Consistent estimation of mixture components from grouped observations.

New method for evaluating policies in complex decision-making models with hidden variables.

problem Evaluating policies in partially observable Markov decision processes with hidden confounders.
method Introduces novel identification methods and minimax estimation techniques for linking target policy's value and observed data distribution.
result Proposes three estimators for off-policy evaluation in POMDPs with latent confounders, demonstrating their effectiveness through nonasymptotic and asymptotic analysis.

Combines observational and randomized data to estimate treatment effects.

problem Estimating heterogeneous treatment effects using only observational data is biased.
method Two-step framework: learn shared structure from observational data, then data-specific structures from randomized data.
result Combining observational and randomized data improves treatment effect estimation.

Stochastic methods improve data assimilation with high-frequency sensor data.

problem Computational challenges in data assimilation with high-frequency sensor data.
method Adapted stochastic approximation methods to handle high-frequency observations.
result Produces high-quality estimates using all observations without compromising statistical accuracy.

Deep learning improves causal effect estimation from complex observational data.

problem Estimating causal effects from complex observational data with low bias.
method Unified deep learning framework using multitask recurrent neural networks.
result Deep learning estimator shows lower bias in causal effect estimates.

The paper develops loss functions for pricing models using observational data.

problem Evaluating pricing policies directly from observational data with historical biases.
method Adapting machine learning techniques for corrupted labels to derive unbiased loss functions.
result Identifies minimum variance and robust estimators for contextual pricing.

A novel disentangled graph autoencoder improves treatment effect estimation from networked observational data.

problem Treatment effect estimation from observational data is challenging due to unconfoundedness assumption and latent confounders.
method Proposes a disentangled variational graph autoencoder to disentangle latent factors and enforce factor independence.
result Extensive experiments show superior performance compared to state-of-the-art approaches.

Consistent estimator derived for confounding strength in observational data.

problem Estimating confounding strength in observational data is challenging due to unobserved confounders.
method Derived and adapted a consistent estimator using tools from random matrix theory.
result The original estimator is not consistent, but an adapted one is.

Develops a method to estimate treatment effects using noisy proxies over time.

problem Estimating individualized treatment effects from noisy proxies of confounders.
method Deconfounding Temporal Autoencoder (DTA) combining autoencoder and causal regularization.
result Improves treatment effect estimates by leveraging noisy proxies and learning hidden confounders.

We address the problem of estimating the parameters of a time-homogeneous Markov chain given only noisy, aggregate data. This arises when a population of individuals behave independently according to a Markov chain, but individual sample paths cannot be observed due to limitations of the observation process or the need…

2016-04-14abs ↗pdf ↗

Work in the classification literature has shown that in computing a classification function, one need not know the class membership of all observations in the training set; the unlabeled observations still provide information on the marginal distribution of the feature set, and can thus contribute to increased classifi…

2015-10-06abs ↗pdf ↗

Method estimates causal effects from combined interventional and observational data.

problem Estimating causal effects from unobserved confounders.
method Causal reduction method replacing latent confounders with a single latent confounder.
result Improves estimation accuracy from combined data without observing all confounders.

New method debiases counterfactual distributions using observational data.

problem Estimating counterfactual distributions under interventions without relying on observational data.
method Flow-matching approach to learn counterfactual distributions from observational data.
result Deconfounding flows outperform existing debiased counterfactual distribution estimators.

Study uses surrogate data to improve treatment effect estimation with scarce outcome data.

problem Limited outcome data hinders estimating treatment effects.
method Uses abundant surrogate data to estimate treatment effects without stringent assumptions.
result Improves precision of treatment effect estimation.

Method estimates causal effects from incremental data, overcoming missing data challenges.

problem Estimating causal effects from non-stationary, incrementally available observational data.
method Continual Causal Effect Representation Learning
result Method achieves continual causal effect estimation without compromising original data.

Paper tackles survival data analysis with positive and unlabeled observations.

problem Traditional survival analysis yields biased results with positive-unlabeled data.
method Developed parametric, nonparametric, and machine learning models for positive and unlabeled survival data.
result Proposed estimation method provides valid results for positive-unlabeled survival data.

Study on estimating sparse transition matrix of partially-observed VAR with noisy and sparse data.

problem Estimating sparse transition matrix of partially-observed VAR with noisy and sparse data.
method Yule-Walker equation, Dantzig selector, minimax lower bound.
result Near-optimality of the proposed estimator with convergence rate analysis.

This paper considers the problem of estimating a high-dimensional vector of parameters θRn\boldsymbolθ \in \mathbb{R}^n from a noisy observation. The noise vector is i.i.d. Gaussian with known variance. For a squared-error loss function, the James-Stein (JS) estimator is known to dominate the simple maximum-likelihood (…

2016-02-01abs ↗pdf ↗

Causal Interaction Trees identify treatment subgroup effects in observational data.

problem Identifying subgroups with enhanced treatment effects in observational studies.
method Extending Classification and Regression Trees with subgroup-specific treatment effect estimators.
result The proposed algorithms enhance treatment effect heterogeneity in subgroups.

Due to the insufficient measurements in the distribution system state estimation (DSSE), full observability and redundant measurements are difficult to achieve without using the pseudo measurements. The matrix completion state estimation (MCSE) combines the matrix completion and power system model to estimate voltage b…

2019-02-06abs ↗pdf ↗

Estimates proportions of LLM-generated text in mixed documents.

problem Estimating the proportion of text generated by a pre-specified LLM in mixed documents.
method Developed estimators for two observation regimes: full observation and pivotal reduction, and established sample complexity bounds.
result Full observation estimators require fewer samples than pivotal reduction estimators.

CausalPFN automates causal effect estimation from observational data.

problem Manual selection of causal effect estimators is time-consuming and requires domain expertise.
method CausalPFN is a transformer that learns to infer causal effects from raw observations without task-specific adjustments.
result CausalPFN achieves superior performance on various benchmarks and real-world tasks.

The paper proposes a method to precisely decompose confounders and estimate treatment effects.

problem Estimating treatment effects from observational data with confounder identification and balancing.
method Learning decomposed representations to identify and balance confounders and non-confounders.
result The method achieves more precise treatment effect estimation than existing methods.

A new method combines scores of individual observations to efficiently approximate posterior distributions.

problem Handling posterior distributions conditioned on multiple observations with neural methods.
method Conditional score modeling to combine learned scores from individual observations.
result Sample-efficient method that can aggregate multiple observations at inference time.

We present a detailed analysis of \emph{observable} moments based parameter estimators for the Heston SDEs jointly driving the rate of returns RtR_t and the squared volatilities VtV_t. Since volatilities are not directly observable, our parameter estimators are constructed from empirical moments of realized volatilitie…

2017-06-14abs ↗pdf ↗

Develops scalable methods to assess sensitivity and uncertainty in continuous treatment effects.

problem Estimating effects of continuous-valued interventions from observational data, especially when ignorability and positivity assumptions are violated.
method Continuous treatment-effect marginal sensitivity model (CMSM), scalable algorithm, uncertainty-aware deep models.
result Derives bounds that agree with observed data and a defined level of hidden confounding.

Proposes a new Alzheimer's disease simulator for causal effect estimation.

problem Lack of suitable benchmarks for evaluating causal effect estimators in real-world healthcare data.
method Developed a simulator of Alzheimer's disease using ADNI dataset, incorporating various parameters to model complexities.
result Compared estimators of average and conditional treatment effects using the new simulator.

Study on estimating Gumbel--Max watermark proportions in edited documents.

problem Estimating the proportion of a document generated from a watermarked LLM.
method Comparison of full observation and pivotal reduction observation regimes; development of estimators and information-theoretic lower bounds.
result Full observation yields a substantially smaller sample complexity compared to pivotal reduction.

New algorithm learns POMDPs with known observation model efficiently.

problem Learning POMDPs with unknown transition model in average-reward setting.
method OAS estimation technique and OAS-UCRL algorithm balancing exploration-exploitation.
result Regret guarantee of order O(Tlog(T))\mathcal{O}(\sqrt{T \log(T)}) for OAS-UCRL algorithm.

Study nonparametric covariance function estimation for noisy data.

problem Estimating covariance function from discrete noisy data in high dimensions.
method Adaptive learning-based estimators, including deep learning.
result Established oracle inequality and convergence rates for deep learning estimators.

Estimates long-term effects from short-term experiments and observational data with unobserved confounders.

problem Estimating long-term causal effects from short-term experiments and long-term observational data with unobserved confounding.
method Combining regression residuals with short-term experimental outcomes to create an instrumental variable for estimating long-term causal effects.
result The estimator is unbiased and its variance is analytically studied.

Method estimates observation functions in state-space models without supervision.

problem Unsupervised learning of non-invertible observation functions in nonlinear state-space models.
method Nonparametric generalized moment method using constrained regression.
result Estimates function space of identifiability from state process.