Survey on biases in image analysis for industrial safety.
problem Bias in machine learning algorithms affects industrial safety-critical applications.
method Survey and analysis of recent advances in bias detection and mitigation.
result Need for new methods to detect and mitigate biases in image analysis for safety-critical applications.
Fatal accidents are a major issue hindering the wide acceptance of safety-critical systems using machine-learning and deep-learning models, such as automated-driving vehicles. Quality assurance frameworks are required for such machine learning systems, but there are no widely accepted and established quality-assurance …
Paper optimizes industrial refrigeration using adaptive exploration.
problem Challenges in optimizing real-time industrial processes with unknown characteristics and safety constraints.
method Adaptive and explorative real-time optimization framework with Gaussian process uncertainty quantification.
result Approach increases energy efficiency of refrigeration process, approximating complete information solutions.
The safety and resilience of fully autonomous vehicles (AVs) are of significant concern, as exemplified by several headline-making accidents. While AV development today involves verification, validation, and testing, end-to-end assessment of AV systems under accidental faults in realistic driving scenarios has been lar…
New method improves safety analytics by addressing imbalanced data issues.
problem Imbalanced safety datasets lead to inaccurate predictions and management problems.
method Extended accident triangle theory and three oversampling methods.
result Robust improvements in machine learning algorithms for safety analytics.
Recently, along with the emergence of food scandals, food supply chains have to face with ever-increasing pressure from compliance with food quality and safety regulations and standards. This paper aims to explore critical factors of compliance risk in food supply chain with an illustrated case in Vietnamese seafood in…
ARTEO algorithm optimizes safety-critical systems with uncertainty.
problem Decision-making under uncertainty with safety constraints in real-time optimization.
method ARTEO algorithm uses multi-armed bandits as a mathematical programming problem subject to safety constraints, learning unknown characteristics through exploration and incorporating uncertainty quantification.
result ARTEO achieves less cumulative regret with accurate and safe decisions.
By building on a recently introduced genetic-inspired attribute-based conceptual framework for safety risk analysis, we propose a novel methodology to compute construction univariate and bivariate construction safety risk at a situational level. Our fully data-driven approach provides construction practitioners and aca…
While machine learning systems show high success rate in many complex tasks, research shows they can also fail in very unexpected situations. Rise of machine learning products in safety-critical industries cause an increase in attention in evaluating model robustness and estimating failure probability in machine learni…
Shai is a 10B model for asset management tasks, outperforming baselines.
problem Improving performance in asset management tasks.
method Continuous pre-training and fine-tuning on asset management-specific data.
result Shai outperforms baseline models in asset management tasks.
Synthesizes machine learning applications in reliability and safety.
problem Navigating the fragmented literature on ML for reliability and safety.
method Overview of ML categories, review of applications, discussion of Deep Learning.
result Machine learning can provide novel insights and improve accident prevention.
Transformer model predicts train axle vibrations for safer maintenance.
problem Prevent mechanical failures in railway axles.
method Integrates Deep Autoregressive solution with spectral methods and observation models.
result Transformer model (ShaftFormer) improves predictive maintenance for railway axles.
The paper proposes an iterative approach to batch reinforcement learning for safer and more informative data collection.
problem Learning policies that are too rigid and do not adapt to new data.
method Safe diversified model-based policy search in an iterative batch reinforcement learning framework.
result Improved learned policies through continuous data collection and adaptation.
The study designs inherently interpretable machine learning models for high-risk sectors.
problem The need for transparent and explainable machine learning models in regulated industries.
method Qualitative template based on feature effects and model architecture constraints for assessing inherent interpretability.
result Demonstrates the design and evaluation of an interpretable ReLU DNN model for predicting credit default.
Collision avoidance is a critical task in many applications, such as ADAS (advanced driver-assistance systems), industrial automation and robotics. In an industrial automation setting, certain areas should be off limits to an automated vehicle for protection of people and high-valued assets. These areas can be quaranti…
Fair ML systems can be safe ML systems by considering uncertainty.
problem Safety of data-driven decision systems is often neglected.
method Viewing ML systems as socio-technical, uncertainty-aware modeling.
result Fair models should be uncertainty-aware, e.g. through distributional regression.
The use of machine learning (ML) is on the rise in many sectors of software development, and automotive software development is no different. In particular, Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Automated Driving Systems (ADS) are two areas where ML plays a significant role. In automotive development, safety is…
Paper tackles robust prediction of nuclear reactor materials under scarce data.
problem Challenges of data scarcity and uncertainty in nuclear reactor design.
method Meta-learning approach informed by uncertainty and prior knowledge.
result Achieves superior performance in rupture life prediction.
Deep learning models are now used in many different industries, while in certain domains safety is not a critical issue in the medical field it is a huge concern. Not only, we want the models to generalize well but we also want to know the models confidence respect to its decision and which features matter the most. Ou…
One of the most exciting technology breakthroughs in the last few years has been the rise of deep learning. State-of-the-art deep learning models are being widely deployed in academia and industry, across a variety of areas, from image analysis to natural language processing. These models have grown from fledgling rese…
Safe offline RL for chemical reactors using input convex neural networks.
problem Safe control of exothermic polymerization reactors using historical data.
method Gymnasium-compatible simulation, behaviour cloning, implicit Q-learning, input convex neural networks (PICNNs).
result Offline RL with convex action correction outperforms traditional control approaches.
The use of Reinforcement Learning (RL) is still restricted to simulation or to enhance human-operated systems through recommendations. Real-world environments (e.g. industrial robots or power grids) are generally designed with safety constraints in mind implemented in the shape of valid actions masks or contingency con…
A MARL system improves productivity on a metallurgical pickling line.
problem Improving productivity on a metallurgical pickling line.
method Combines mathematical modeling and Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL).
result Significant improvement in automation systems.
The failure of a complex and safety critical industrial asset can have extremely high consequences. Close monitoring for early detection of abnormal system conditions is therefore required. Data-driven solutions to this problem have been limited for two reasons: First, safety critical assets are designed and maintained…
New method improves reliability of object detection models.
problem Lack of reliability in neural networks for safety-critical applications.
method Sequential Conformal Risk Control (SeqCRC) for object detection.
result Valid statistical guarantees for any dataset size without prior knowledge.
VerifAI toolkit improves neural network-based aircraft taxiing system safety.
problem Improving safety of autonomous aircraft taxiing systems using neural networks.
method Unified approach to formal analysis and retraining of AI systems, including falsification, debugging, and retraining.
result Improved neural network performance and reduced failure cases in aircraft taxiing system.
Bayesian model predicts crack evolution on rails with uncertainties.
problem Predicting crack evolution on railways due to complex interactions and uncertainties.
method Robust Bayesian multi-horizon approach with constraints.
result Trade-off between prediction accuracy and constraint compliance.
Deep learning predicts back-pain risk during manual lifting.
problem Detecting incorrect lifting to prevent back injuries.
method 2D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) without manual feature extraction.
result Deep CNN achieved 90.6% accuracy in classifying lifting risk.
Neural Networks (NN) have been proposed in the past as an effective means for both modeling and control of systems with very complex dynamics. However, despite the extensive research, NN-based controllers have not been adopted by the industry for safety critical systems. The primary reason is that systems with learning…
Situational awareness in vehicular networks could be substantially improved utilizing reliable trajectory prediction methods. More precise situational awareness, in turn, results in notably better performance of critical safety applications, such as Forward Collision Warning (FCW), as well as comfort applications like …
DeepCO uses deep learning for offline combinatorial optimization in warehouse operations.
problem Optimizing warehouse operation sequences in offline settings.
method DeepCO framework utilizing distribution regularized optimization for TSP.
result DeepCO reduces route length by 5.7% on average for TSP problems.
RLVR maintains safety while improving reasoning capabilities in LLMs.
problem Safety-capability tradeoff in fine-tuning LLMs.
method Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) and theoretical analysis.
result RLVR can enhance reasoning while maintaining safety guardrails.
The paper reviews machine learning safety techniques for autonomous vehicles.
problem Challenges in machine learning safety for autonomous vehicles.
method Organizes practical safety techniques to complement engineering safety.
result Enhances dependability and safety of machine learning algorithms in autonomous vehicles.
Research tackles safety of deep learning in safety-critical tasks.
problem Safety concerns of deep learning in perception tasks for autonomous agents.
method Technical enumeration and discussions on safety concerns and mitigation methods.
result Need for more mitigation methods to ensure safety of deep learning.
The paper discusses safety assessment for AI systems, focusing on machine learning models.
problem Safety assessment of AI systems, especially machine learning models, in safety-related applications.
method Analyzed AI models as statistical models and proposed a new budget allocation for AI safety.
result Safety assessment of AI systems requires a new approach focusing on the model used, not just the system.
Fine-tuning LLMs improves capability but harms safety, study finds.
problem Balancing capability and safety in LLM fine-tuning.
method Theoretical framework and numerical experiments for two safety-aware fine-tuning strategies.
result Characterization of fundamental limits of safety-capability trade-off in LLM fine-tuning.
RAGuard improves safety in LLMs for offshore wind maintenance.
problem Conventional LLMs fail with specialised or unexpected scenarios in offshore wind maintenance.
method Integrates safety-critical documents alongside technical manuals in RAG framework.
result RAGuard increases safety recall from almost 0% to over 50% while maintaining technical recall above 60%.
Survey of algorithms for testing AI-driven CPS safety.
problem Testing AI-driven CPS for safety in complex environments.
method Survey of applied algorithms for safety validation.
result Survey of existing tools and techniques for safety validation.
Safe imitation learning with a safety layer for flexible training.
problem Flexible yet safe imitation learning for complex tasks.
method Theory and modular method with a safety layer for continuous policy, adversarial training, and worst-case safety guarantees.
result Robustness advantage of safety layer during training compared to test time.
This paper formalizes AI safety using hypothesis testing in GenAI.
problem Ensuring safety of generative AI tools that create realistic content.
method Formalization of computational safety through hypothesis testing and signal processing.
result Demonstrates how AI safety can be assessed quantitatively using mathematical frameworks.
A new algorithm for identifying the best arm in linear feedback with safety constraints.
problem Identifying the best arm in linear feedback with safety constraints.
method A gap-based algorithm that ensures safety while minimizing sample complexity.
result The algorithm achieves meaningful sample complexity while ensuring safety.
Safety filter for unknown discrete-time systems with learned models and noise covariance.
problem Ensuring safety for unknown discrete-time linear systems with Gaussian noise.
method Develops a learning-based safety filter using empirical model and noise covariance, optimizing control actions to stay within safety constraints.
result Minimally modifies nominal control actions to ensure safety with high probability, tightening constraints as more data is collected.
SafeML monitors ML systems for safety and security risks.
problem Ensuring safety and explainability of ML systems in safety-critical domains.
method Statistical difference measures of ECDF to detect distributional shifts.
result Approach can detect invalid application contexts of ML components.
Paper defines and quantifies safety risks in deep neural networks.
problem Safety concerns in deep neural networks applied to critical sectors.
method Defines safety property, computes maximum safe radius, identifies new risk class, develops algorithm.
result Method achieves competitive performance in safety quantification.
Study best arm identification with safety constraints in bandit problems.
problem Real-world decision-making with safety constraints.
method Analyzed linear and monotonic reward and safety constraints, proposed algorithms.
result Guaranteed safe learning in both linear and general reward/safety constraint settings.
Failures are challenging for learning to control physical systems since they risk damage, time-consuming resets, and often provide little gradient information. Adding safety constraints to exploration typically requires a lot of prior knowledge and domain expertise. We present a safety measure which implicitly captures…
Extends Shifts dataset for MS lesion segmentation and marine vessel power estimation.
problem Distributional shift in training and deployment data for ML models.
method Develops new datasets for high-risk industrial applications.
result Demonstrates robustness and uncertainty estimation in new industrial tasks.
Safe reinforcement learning tackles safety constraints with linear approximations.
problem Ensuring safety in reinforcement learning without violating constraints.
method Modeling safety as a linear cost function, developing SLUCB-QVI and RSLUCB-QVI algorithms for MDPs with linear function approximation.
result Achieved a nearly optimal regret bound for safe reinforcement learning, matching state-of-the-art unsafe algorithms.