The paper extends spun knot concepts to virtual 1-knots and 2-knots, proving equivalence relations and new constructions.
problem Generalizing spun knots to virtual 1-knots and 2-knots and establishing equivalence relations.
method Developed a spinning construction for virtual 1-knots and 2-knots, using fiber-circles and isotopy.
result Proved new equivalence relations and found virtual 2-knots that are -equivalent but not fiberwise equivalent.