Proposes a method to use external machine-learning predictions in multinomial logistic regression.
problem Improving statistical inference using summary-level external machine-learning predictions.
method Empirical-likelihood framework incorporating moment constraints from external nonparametric machine-learning predictions.
result Fused estimator achieves strict efficiency gain over primary-only estimator under mild conditions.
Study identifies negative data externalities affecting model performance on specific groups.
problem Negative data externalities on group performance in machine learning models.
method Characterized and detected data-model inefficiencies, focusing on specific types of externalities.
result Negative data externalities can lower model performance on specific sub-groups, even with larger datasets.
Bayesian inference reconstructs external potentials in DFT for many-particle systems.
problem Reconstructing external potentials in classical density-functional theory (DFT) for many-particle systems.
method Combines Bayesian inference with classical DFT to probabilistically reconstruct external potentials.
result Accurately infers external potentials and density profiles with uncertainty quantification.
We study the problem of learning graphical models with latent variables. We give the first algorithm for learning locally consistent (ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic) Restricted Boltzmann Machines (or RBMs) with {\em arbitrary} external fields. Our algorithm has optimal dependence on dimension in the sample complexi…
Is all of machine learning supervised to some degree? The field of machine learning has traditionally been categorized pedagogically into supervised vs unsupervised learning; where supervised learning has typically referred to learning from labeled data, while unsupervised learning has typically referred to learning …
MEC-Cox: A Machine-Learning-Assisted Generalized Entropy Calibration Method for Estimating ATT Marginal Hazard-Ratio
problem Estimating ATT marginal hazard-ratio in externally controlled survival trials
method Machine-learning-assisted generalized entropy calibration for IPW Cox regression
result Reduces bias, increases efficiency, and improves coverage
The study assesses external validity by evaluating worst-case treatment effects across subpopulations.
problem Underrepresentation of marginalized groups and limited study populations.
method Develops a semiparametrically efficient estimator for worst-case treatment effects (WTE) and uses cross-fitting to guard against brittle findings.
result The proposed framework guards against invalid findings due to unanticipated population shifts.
Causal ML methods failed to validate their personalized treatment effects in two large trials.
problem Validating causal machine learning methods for personalized treatment effects in precision medicine.
method Assessed 17 mainstream causal heterogeneity ML methods using two large randomized controlled trials.
result None of the ML methods reliably validated their performance, internal or external, showing significant discrepancies between training and test data.
Machine learning models simulate molecular spectra and reactions in solvents.
problem Accurate simulation of molecular spectra and reactions in solvent environments.
method Introduced FieldSchNet, a deep neural network for modeling molecular interactions with external fields.
result Demonstrated significant lowering of Claisen rearrangement reaction activation barrier using FieldSchNet.
Framework for estimating treatment effects using external control data.
problem Improving efficiency in estimating average treatment effects (ATE) in hybrid trials.
method Developed a formal causal inference framework based on exchangeability assumptions and graphical criteria. Proposed estimators and efficient doubly-robust methods.
result Established finite-sample performance and demonstrated application to spinal muscular atrophy trial.
New test ensures quality of shared data in machine learning.
problem Ensuring quality of external data in machine learning tasks.
method Distribution-free two-sample testing procedures grounded in conformal outlier detection.
result Identifies valuable external data agents for model personalization.
Study examines remittances in Nepal, linking external demand and domestic monetary conditions.
problem Understanding the dynamics of remittances in Nepal's economy.
method Constructed composite indices via PCA for external demand and domestic monetary conditions. Used ARDL, cointegration, DOLS, ECM, and machine learning for analysis.
result Strong positive long-run effect of external demand on remittances, significant negative impact of tighter domestic monetary conditions.
The paper proposes a method to adapt machine learning models to changing conditions.
problem Machine learning models need to adapt to new conditions in a constantly changing environment.
method Reuse knowledge from existing models to train future generations.
result The proposed method allows machine learning models to adapt and survive in a dynamic environment.
Graphs are general and powerful data representations which can model complex real-world phenomena, ranging from chemical compounds to social networks; however, effective feature extraction from graphs is not a trivial task, and much work has been done in the field of machine learning and data mining. The recent advance…
Machine learning improves official statistics but needs rigorous validation.
problem Lack of methodological robustness in machine learning for official statistics.
method Total Machine Learning Error (TMLE) framework to validate ML models.
result TMLE addresses representativeness and measurement errors in ML models.
Framework sharpens causal effect estimates without external assumptions.
problem Estimating causal effects under unmeasured confounding.
method Information-theoretic divergence bounds, Neyman orthogonality, machine learning.
result Sharp partial identification of conditional causal effects from observational data.
In many machine learning applications, there are multiple decision-makers involved, both automated and human. The interaction between these agents often goes unaddressed in algorithmic development. In this work, we explore a simple version of this interaction with a two-stage framework containing an automated model and…
Animals excel at adapting their intentions, attention, and actions to the environment, making them remarkably efficient at interacting with a rich, unpredictable and ever-changing external world, a property that intelligent machines currently lack. Such an adaptation property relies heavily on cellular neuromodulation,…
Machine learning is usually defined in behaviourist terms, where external validation is the primary mechanism of learning. In this paper, I argue for a more holistic interpretation in which finding more probable, efficient and abstract representations is as central to learning as performance. In other words, machine le…
TACE unifies scalar and tensorial modeling in Cartesian space for accurate, stable, and efficient atomistic predictions.
problem Complexity and challenges in equivariant atomistic machine learning models.
method Tensor Atomic Cluster Expansion (TACE) in Cartesian space, decomposing local environments into irreducible Cartesian tensors (ICT).
result Universal invariant and equivariant embeddings, enabling explicit control at inference.
Paper proposes AI for stock market forecasting using external knowledge.
problem Forecasting stock prices influenced by external factors.
method Learning from historical data and external temporal knowledge graphs modeled as Hawkes processes.
result Dynamic representations effectively rank stocks based on returns.
Neural networks powered with external memory simulate computer behaviors. These models, which use the memory to store data for a neural controller, can learn algorithms and other complex tasks. In this paper, we introduce a new memory to store weights for the controller, analogous to the stored-program memory in modern…
FFRK automatically extracts features for spatial interpolation without external variables.
problem Spatial interpolation challenges, especially nonstationarity and lack of explanatory variables.
method Feature-Free Regression Kriging (FFRK) method that extracts geospatial features.
result FFRK outperforms classical methods in predicting heavy metal concentrations.
We study historical dynamics of joint equilibrium distribution of stock returns in the U.S. stock market using the Boltzmann distribution model being parametrized by external fields and pairwise couplings. Within Boltzmann learning framework for statistical inference, we analyze historical behavior of the parameters in…
The vast majority of current machine learning algorithms are designed to predict single responses or a vector of responses, yet many types of response are more naturally organized as matrices or higher-order tensor objects where characteristics are shared across modes. We present a new machine learning algorithm BaTFLE…
This study designs a financial risk control platform using big data and machine learning.
problem Traditional risk management models are inadequate for modern financial complexities.
method Big data mining, real-time streaming data processing, statistical analysis, and precise customer behavior mining.
result The platform effectively identifies and responds to potential risks in real-time.
Researchers predict NBA player salaries using machine learning, avoiding overfitting.
problem Predicting NBA player salaries based on performance statistics.
method Selected important determinants, used Random Forest machine learning, avoided overfitting.
result Very satisfactory salary predictions identified for important factors.
In recent years, Neural Turing Machines have gathered attention by joining the flexibility of neural networks with the computational capabilities of Turing machines. However, Neural Turing Machines are notoriously hard to train, which limits their applicability. We propose reservoir memory machines, which are still abl…
This paper aims to incorporate passive symmetries in machine learning for better generalization.
problem Machine learning's reliance on arbitrary choices leads to passive symmetries that can limit generalization.
method Translation among physics, mathematics, and machine learning to understand and implement passive symmetries.
result Respecting passive symmetries can improve machine learning's ability to generalize.
fastml guards against data leakage in automated machine learning.
problem Data leakage during preprocessing before resampling inflates apparent performance.
method fastml uses guarded resampling to re-estimate preprocessing inside each resample.
result Guarded resampling reduces apparent performance compared to global preprocessing.
Paper proposes NeuroAttack to undermine SNNs security through bit-flips.
problem Security and reliability issues in SNNs.
method Cross-layer attack exploiting low-level reliability issues via adversarial input noise.
result Serious integrity threat to SNNs and DNNs.
Machine learning has been applied to several problems in particle physics research, beginning with applications to high-level physics analysis in the 1990s and 2000s, followed by an explosion of applications in particle and event identification and reconstruction in the 2010s. In this document we discuss promising futu…
Explainable machine learning offers the potential to provide stakeholders with insights into model behavior by using various methods such as feature importance scores, counterfactual explanations, or influential training data. Yet there is little understanding of how organizations use these methods in practice. This st…
Episodic memory is a psychology term which refers to the ability to recall specific events from the past. We suggest one advantage of this particular type of memory is the ability to easily assign credit to a specific state when remembered information is found to be useful. Inspired by this idea, and the increasing pop…
PHOTONAI simplifies machine learning model development in Python.
problem Rapid and efficient machine learning model development.
method Unified framework combining algorithms from different toolboxes, automating repetitive tasks.
result Achieves state-of-the-art solution in medical machine learning.
Recurrent neural networks are a widely used class of neural architectures. They have, however, two shortcomings. First, it is difficult to understand what exactly they learn. Second, they tend to work poorly on sequences requiring long-term memorization, despite having this capacity in principle. We aim to address both…
Methodology creates holdout and test/train sets for ML studies, preserving data for future research.
problem Preserving data for future research studies that are analysis-naive.
method Modification of k-fold cross-validation, randomization, and three-way split (holdout, test, training).
result Efficiently creates holdout and test/train sets without forcing.
Resource-constrained IoT devices, such as sensors and actuators, have become ubiquitous in recent years. This has led to the generation of large quantities of data in real-time, which is an appealing target for AI systems. However, deploying machine learning models on such end-devices is nearly impossible. A typical so…
Neural Turing Machines (NTMs) are an instance of Memory Augmented Neural Networks, a new class of recurrent neural networks which decouple computation from memory by introducing an external memory unit. NTMs have demonstrated superior performance over Long Short-Term Memory Cells in several sequence learning tasks. A n…
Our work extends Coase's theorem to settings with uncertainty, showing how to maximize social welfare through property rights and learning.
problem Theoretical models of externality often assume perfect knowledge, limiting practical solutions.
method We extend Coase's theorem to a two-player bandit setting with uncertainty, designing a learning policy to maximize social welfare.
result We show that property rights and learning can recover Coase's theorem in settings with uncertainty.
Novel framework predicts brain biomarker trajectories with superior performance.
problem Challenges in estimating longitudinal brain biomarker trajectories due to variability, inconsistencies, and irregular measurements.
method Personalized deep kernel regression with Adaptive Shrinkage Estimation.
result Superior predictive performance compared to state-of-the-art models.
Study uses multi-agent reinforcement learning to control self-assembly with high-resolution external control.
problem Designing effective external control protocols for self-assembly with high-resolution control.
method Investigated a multi-agent reinforcement learning approach, comparing fully decentralized and partially decentralized strategies.
result Partially decentralized approach outperforms fully decentralized in controlling self-assembly towards target structures.
The notion of \emph{policy regret} in online learning is a well defined? performance measure for the common scenario of adaptive adversaries, which more traditional quantities such as external regret do not take into account. We revisit the notion of policy regret and first show that there are online learning settings …
Automatically learns optimal data augmentation for image classification.
problem Finding optimal data augmentation hyperparameters is computationally demanding and requires domain knowledge.
method Proposes an online bilevel optimization framework to learn data augmentation parameters directly.
result Jointly trained method achieves comparable or better classification accuracy than hand-crafted data augmentation without an external validation loop.
Intensive care clinicians are presented with large quantities of patient information and measurements from a multitude of monitoring systems. The limited ability of humans to process such complex information hinders physicians to readily recognize and act on early signs of patient deterioration. We used machine learnin…
Machine learning improves sub-hourly precipitation data recovery.
problem Missing precipitation data at sub-hourly intervals.
method Two-step process: rain/non-rain classification and rain intensity prediction.
result Machine learning outperforms traditional methods in predicting missing precipitation data.
New framework for fairness in machine learning models using SHAP values and adversarial learning.
problem Fairness of model predictions, especially for unprivileged groups.
method Develops a new fairness definition and a framework using SHAP values and adversarial learning to mitigate bias.
result Models produced are fairer and performant, demonstrating the approach on various datasets.
Recent empirical results on long-term dependency tasks have shown that neural networks augmented with an external memory can learn the long-term dependency tasks more easily and achieve better generalization than vanilla recurrent neural networks (RNN). We suggest that memory augmented neural networks can reduce the ef…