Data science redefines causal inference from observational data, classifying tasks into description, prediction, and counterfactual prediction.
problem Widespread misunderstandings about data science's role in causal inference from observational data.
method Organizing data science tasks into three classes: Description, prediction, and counterfactual prediction (including causal inference).
result The necessity of subject-matter expert knowledge for causal analyses in data science.
Crowdsourced data science competitions improve social sector decision-making.
problem Improving decision-making in social sector organizations.
method Data science competitions to solve specific problems.
result Competition models accurately predict social sector outcomes.
Complexity science integrates natural and social sciences to understand socio-economic dynamics.
problem Chronic poverty and lack of understanding of societal development.
method Use of tools from natural sciences to analyze socio-economic factors.
result Integration of natural and social sciences reveals synergistic mechanisms driving societal evolution.
The paper defines machine learning safety and discusses its application in various systems.
problem The lack of a formal definition of safety in machine learning.
method Defining safety in terms of risk, epistemic uncertainty, and harm; examining safety in cyber-physical systems, decision sciences, and data products; discussing strategies for achieving safety.
result Empirical risk minimization is not always sufficient for safety in machine learning.
Foundation models alter medical data science workflow, challenging veridical data science principles.
problem Foundation models disrupt traditional data science practices in medicine.
method Critically examined the medical foundation model lifecycle and its deviation from veridical data science principles.
result Foundation models challenge veridical data science principles of predictability, computability, and stability.
Deep learning complements OR/MS for decision-making under uncertainty.
problem Sequential decision-making in uncertain environments.
method Integration of deep learning and OR/MS frameworks.
result Deep learning enhances adaptability and scalability in decision systems.
This guide explains statistical distances for evaluating generative models.
problem Evaluating the quality of samples from generative models.
method Four statistical distances: SW, C2ST, MMD, FID.
result Different distances can yield varying results on similar data.
Quantum mechanics models human perception and decision-making, offering a new approach to understanding social dynamics.
problem Understanding the complex interactions between individuals and groups in social networks.
method Developed a simple computational code based on quantum mechanics principles to model human perception and decision-making.
result Quantum-inspired models can help explain differences in individual and group behavior.
New comparison shows differences in how value is incorporated in AIF and CAI.
problem Clarifying the relationship between Active Inference and Control-as-Inference.
method Formal comparison of AIF and CAI frameworks.
result Primary difference is how value is incorporated into generative models.
Machine learning improves wildfire science and management, but requires expert knowledge.
problem Improving wildfire science and management through AI.
method Review of popular ML approaches and their application in six wildfire science domains.
result Opportunities exist for applying more advanced ML methods in wildfire science.
The Prescriptive Canvas improves business outcomes by directly prescribing actions based on predictions.
problem Sub-optimal performance in business projects due to a two-step approach of prediction and decision-making.
method The Prescriptive Canvas methodology for framing and communicating actions directly based on predictions.
result Improves framing and communication across stakeholders for successful business impact.
New framework bridges climate science and ML for easier climate model emulation.
problem High computational costs and mistrust of ML methods in climate models.
method Integrating climate science and machine learning perspectives to design easy-to-adopt emulators.
result Demonstrated reliability of emulators designed to address specific tasks.
Surveying fairness formalizations in machine learning for prediction.
problem Preventing algorithmic discrimination in critical decisions.
method Survey and critique of existing fairness formalizations from machine learning and social sciences.
result Limitations of existing fairness formalizations and suggestions for new ones.
Proposes PCS framework for veridical data science results.
problem Ensuring reliable, reproducible, and transparent data science results.
method PCS workflow with predictability, computability, and stability principles.
result PCS inference procedures demonstrate favorable performance in high-dimensional simulations.
Optimizes portfolio construction using Bayesian methods and variational techniques.
problem Balancing reward and risk in portfolio construction.
method Bayesian decision-theoretic formulation, saddle-point problem, variational Bayes relaxation, efficient algorithm, provable convergence.
result Proves statistical consistency of proposed decision with optimal Bayesian decision.
New fairness criterion aims to reduce financial harm to certain groups.
problem Financial decisions can disproportionately harm certain groups.
method Introduces 'equalized financial impact' to address fairness in financial decisions.
result Reduces financial harm to certain groups in financial decisions.
SCIENCE improves prediction intervals for individual causal effects.
problem Wide prediction intervals limit practical utility of causal inference.
method Surrogate-assisted conformal inference for efficient individual causal effects.
result SCIENCE produces more efficient prediction intervals for individual causal effects.
Using randomness in decision making can reduce uncertainty.
problem Reducing uncertainty in decision-making processes.
method Integrating randomness into decision-making processes.
result Randomized decision-making can lead to better outcomes.
Study designs statistical inference for collaborative science teams.
problem Maintaining scientific rigor in distributed, collaborative research.
method Analyzes hypothesis testing with strategic agents and principals.
result Principal can design policies to control posterior probability of null.
Human irrationality can improve AI design, study shows.
problem Improving AI by learning from human decision-making biases.
method Developed a novel POMDP model to simulate human decision-making in contextual choice tasks.
result Reinforcement learners can exploit human irrationalities to make better decisions.
A novel algorithm optimizes expensive functions using multiple approximations with varying costs.
problem Optimizing expensive functions with noisy and biased approximations.
method Value of information analysis extended to multiple information sources with varying costs.
result Consistently outperforms other techniques in finding higher objective values with less cost.
Develops efficient algorithms for data science, tackling the curse of dimensionality.
problem Tackles the curse of dimensionality in large datasets.
method Focuses on feature extraction techniques and meta-heuristic algorithms, including evolutionary algorithms.
result Evolutionary algorithms are effective in solving optimization problems with a curse of dimensionality.
The paper explores fairness metrics in automated decision-making and their limitations.
problem Discrimination in automated resource allocation decisions.
method Analysis of fairness metrics and distributive justice principles.
result Prominent fairness metrics fail to address egalitarian and sufficiency concerns in resource allocation.
SketchBoost accelerates GBDT for multioutput problems up to 40x.
problem Efficiently training GBDT for multioutput problems with high-dimensional outputs.
method Approximate computation of scoring function for faster decision tree splitting.
result SketchBoost speeds up GBDT training by up to 40 times.
New algorithms boost SAT solver performance by optimizing restart strategies.
problem Optimizing decision-making under time constraints with restarts.
method Developed online learning algorithms for a bandit problem with controlled restarts.
result Achieved O ( log ( τ ) ) O(\log(τ)) O ( log ( τ )) and O ( τ log ( τ ) ) O(\sqrt{τ\log(τ)}) O ( τ log ( τ ) ) regret bounds. Proposes BehavDT model for context-aware user behavior prediction.
problem Building a context-aware predictive model based on diverse user behavioral activities.
method Introduces BehavDT, a behavioral decision tree that considers user behavior-oriented generalization.
result BehavDT model outperforms traditional machine learning approaches in predicting user diverse behaviors considering multi-dimensional contexts.
Deep learning aids water science by tackling complex data challenges.
problem Interdisciplinary challenges in water research.
method Application of deep learning techniques to water science problems.
result Deep learning can reveal emergent behaviors of problem-specific units.
Local reservoir model explains decision consistency in learning.
problem Understanding decision consistency in learning processes.
method Proposes a local reservoir model to explain decision consistency.
result Size of local reservoir affects decision consistency.
The abstract discusses various machine learning explanation methods.
problem Improving the understanding and trust in machine learning models.
method Exploratory methods for assessing machine learning models.
result Various methods exist, each with its own strengths and applications.
GPR enhances materials discovery by automating parameter space exploration.
problem Automating exploration of large, high-dimensional parameter spaces in materials science.
method Gaussian process regression with inhomogeneous measurement noise and anisotropic kernels.
result Importance and benefits of tuning GPR for materials science experiments.
Econophysics is a science in its infancy, born about ten years ago at this time of writing, at the crossing roads of physics, mathematics, computing and of course economics and finance. It also covers human sciences, because all economics is ultimately driven by human decision. From this human factor, econophysics has …
Wasserstein DR optimizes decisions under uncertain distributions.
problem Learning decisions from uncertain data with limited samples.
method Wasserstein distributionally robust optimization (DR) approach.
result Optimal decisions can be computed efficiently and have strong guarantees.
Statistical test evaluates if personalizing interventions is cost-effective.
problem Balancing the benefits of personalizing interventions with their potential costs.
method Developed a statistical hypothesis test to assess the performance of personalized interventions.
result The test shows that personalized interventions can outperform standard approaches under certain conditions.
Elevating houses to flood risk increases uncertainty, leading to higher optimal elevations.
problem Deciding how high to elevate houses to manage riverine flood risks is complex due to uncertainties.
method Used a multi-objective robust decision-making framework to analyze uncertainties.
result Optimal house elevation can be significantly higher than FEMA's recommendation due to deep uncertainties.
Bandit algorithms optimize treatment decisions for precision medicine.
problem Optimizing treatment decisions for individual patients based on genetic or molecular profiling.
method Contextual bandit algorithms that consider patient characteristics.
result Bandit algorithms are useful for mobile health and digital phenotyping.
Dynamic treatment regimes are of growing interest across the clinical sciences as these regimes provide one way to operationalize and thus inform sequential personalized clinical decision making. A dynamic treatment regime is a sequence of decision rules, with a decision rule per stage of clinical intervention; each de…
GRETEL unifies GCE evaluation across various settings.
problem Lack of standardized evaluation for Graph Counterfactual Explanations.
method Unified framework for testing GCE methods in diverse settings.
result GRETEL promotes reproducible evaluations of GCE techniques.
New cognitive model priors improve human decision prediction.
problem Predicting human decisions with high precision remains challenging.
method Pretrained neural networks on synthetic data generated by cognitive models, fine-tuning on real human data.
result Fine-tuned neural networks achieve unprecedented state-of-the-art improvements on benchmark datasets.
The paper analyzes how incentives and information affect ROC curves in medical diagnosis.
problem Understanding how incentives and information asymmetry influence ROC curves in medical diagnosis.
method Theoretical analysis and illustration with a real-world dataset.
result Different models of incentives and information asymmetry affect the relationship between human decisions and ROC curves.
OMLT combines ML and optimization for solving complex problems.
problem Solving complex decision-making problems in computer science and engineering.
method OMLT integrates neural networks and gradient-boosted trees into optimization problems using machine learning.
result OMLT seamlessly integrates with Pyomo and solves real-world problems.
Develops algorithm to reduce real-world inequality.
problem Reduces inequality in real-world disparities.
method Impact remediation framework using social science insights and constrained optimization.
result Optimal intervention policies discovered to improve equity.
In the same way as the Hilbert Program was a response to the foundational crisis of mathematics, this article tries to formulate a research program for the socio-economic sciences. The aim of this contribution is to stimulate research in order to close serious knowledge gaps in mainstream economics that the recent fina…
FCM clustering adapts to persistence diagrams for topological data analysis.
problem Integrating topological data into machine learning workflows.
method Adapting Fuzzy c-Means to persistence diagrams.
result FCM clustering captures topological structure without additional processing.
This paper uses a diffusion model to forecast electrical loads with uncertainty.
problem Uncertainties in electrical load forecasting due to renewable energy and external events.
method Diffusion-based Seq2Seq structure for epistemic uncertainty and robust additive Cauchy distribution for aleatoric uncertainty.
result Ability to separate and quantify both types of uncertainties in load forecasting.
This paper tackles online strategic decision making with asymmetry and knowledge transportability.
problem Strategic decision making with information asymmetry and knowledge transportability challenges.
method Developed a sample-efficient algorithm for online learning under these conditions.
result Proved sample complexity of O ( 1 / ε 2 ) O(1/ε^2) O ( 1/ ε 2 ) for learning an ε ε ε -optimal policy. WOCCE uses crowd wisdom to improve clustering decisions.
problem Improving clustering decisions through group wisdom.
method A feedback framework for cluster ensemble that evaluates decentralization, independence, and diversity criteria.
result WOCCE outperforms other algorithms in aggregate decision-making.
Paper develops efficient nonmyopic active search methods for drug and materials discovery.
problem Efficiently identifying many members of a class in high-throughput screening.
method Bayesian decision framework, nonmyopic approximations, efficient computation.
result Proposed policy outperforms sequential and batch settings in drug and materials discovery.
This paper reflects on teaching Data Science to diverse students.
problem Adapting learning practices to diverse backgrounds in Data Science.
method Summarizes experiences from teaching a postgraduate Data Science module.
result Draws lessons relevant to teaching Data Science.