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arXiv research

A locally-built, LLM-digested index of recent arXiv papers in quant finance, geometry/topology, and statistical ML — keyword search served straight from SQLite on this machine.

168,695 papers · 148 categories

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48 results for binary calibration

Nested dichotomies are used as a method of transforming a multiclass classification problem into a series of binary problems. A tree structure is induced that recursively splits the set of classes into subsets, and a binary classification model learns to discriminate between the two subsets of classes at each node. In …

2018-09-08abs ↗pdf ↗

There has been much recent interest in application of the pool-adjacent-violators (PAV) algorithm for the purpose of calibrating the probabilistic outputs of automatic pattern recognition and machine learning algorithms. Special cost functions, known as proper scoring rules form natural objective functions to judge the…

2013-04-08abs ↗pdf ↗

Study calibrates high-dimensional binary classifiers using angle between estimator and true weights.

problem Calibrating high-dimensional binary classifiers with provable properties.
method Interpolates with a chance classifier to construct well-calibrated predictor based on angle between estimator and true weights.
result Angular calibration approach is provably well-calibrated in high dimensions, minimizing Bregman divergence.

Study three types of uncertainty quantification for binary classification without distributional assumptions.

problem Uncertainty quantification for binary classification in a distribution-free setting.
method Established theorems connecting calibration, confidence intervals, and prediction sets for score-based classifiers.
result Distribution-free calibration is only possible using scoring functions that partition feature space into countably many sets.

New method calibrates multi-class predictions efficiently without sacrificing accuracy.

problem Efficiently calibrating multi-class predictions without sacrificing accuracy.
method Formulated robust projected smooth calibration and new recalibration algorithms.
result Achieves strong guarantees for binary classification tasks with polynomial complexity.

Study compares various calibration methods for binary classification tasks.

problem Improving probabilistic predictions in binary classification models.
method Benchmarked 21 classifiers using 5 calibration methods on real data.
result Venn-Abers predictors and Beta calibration show the largest log-loss reductions.

Survey on assessing and improving classifier calibration for better decision making.

problem Ensuring classifiers correctly quantify prediction uncertainty.
method Overview of principles, methods, and evaluation metrics for calibration.
result New methods and extensions from binary to multiclass settings.

Improved upper bound for online calibrated forecasting of binary sequences.

problem Online calibrated forecasting of binary sequences.
method Introducing a variant of Qiao & Valiant's sign preservation game called sign preservation with reuse (SPR) and proving its equivalence to calibrated forecasting.
result Improved upper bound of O(T2/3ε)O(T^{2/3 - \varepsilon}) for calibrated forecasting, improving the O(T2/3)O(T^{2/3}) bound of Foster & Vohra.

A set of probabilistic predictions is well calibrated if the events that are predicted to occur with probability p do in fact occur about p fraction of the time. Well calibrated predictions are particularly important when machine learning models are used in decision analysis. This paper presents two new non-parametric …

2014-01-13abs ↗pdf ↗

Accurate calibration of probabilistic predictive models learned is critical for many practical prediction and decision-making tasks. There are two main categories of methods for building calibrated classifiers. One approach is to develop methods for learning probabilistic models that are well-calibrated, ab initio. The…

2014-01-14abs ↗pdf ↗

Excellent ranking power along with well calibrated probability estimates are needed in many classification tasks. In this paper, we introduce a technique, Calibrated Boosting-Forest that captures both. This novel technique is an ensemble of gradient boosting machines that can support both continuous and binary labels. …

2017-10-16abs ↗pdf ↗

Loss-calibrated EP improves Bayesian decision-making by focusing on utility-sensitive posterior approximations.

problem Bayesian decision-making under asymmetric utility functions.
method Loss-calibrated expectation propagation (Loss-EP) that tilts the posterior towards higher utility decisions.
result Loss-EP can capture useful information for decision-making under asymmetric penalties.

We investigate the problem of multiclass classification with rejection, where a classifier can choose not to make a prediction to avoid critical misclassification. First, we consider an approach based on simultaneous training of a classifier and a rejector, which achieves the state-of-the-art performance in the binary …

2019-01-30abs ↗pdf ↗

A post-hoc framework improves model performance by calibrating different feature spaces.

problem Improving AUC performance on binary classification tasks for overconfident models.
method Identifies heterogeneous partitions of the feature space and applies post-hoc calibration techniques to each partition.
result Theoretical optimality of the framework for any model, demonstrated on deep neural networks.

The paper studies the distance from calibration in sequential prediction, proving upper and lower bounds.

problem The challenge is to measure and minimize the deviation from perfect calibration in sequential binary prediction.
method The approach involves proving an O(T)O(\sqrt{T}) upper bound and an Ω(T1/3)Ω(T^{1/3}) lower bound, using structural results and minimax arguments.
result An O(T)O(\sqrt{T}) upper bound on the calibration distance is achieved, with an Ω(T1/3)Ω(T^{1/3}) lower bound showing the inherent difficulty.

A new framework separates classifier calibration and discrimination.

problem Combining reliability and resolution in probabilistic predictions.
method Manokhin Probability Matrix separates reliability and resolution using Spiegelhalter Z-statistic and AUC-ROC.
result Classifiers are categorized into four archetypes: Eagle, Bull, Sloth, and Mole.

The paper shows over-confidence in models isn't just due to over-parametrization.

problem Over-confidence in machine learning models, especially in binary classification.
method Theoretical analysis of logistic regression and other binary classification problems.
result Logistic regression is inherently over-confident in certain settings, but over-confidence is not always the case.

A new method for measuring prediction uncertainty in classifiers.

problem Measuring uncertainty of predictions from machine learning methods.
method Density Based Calibration (DBCal) technique.
result Expected calibration error of less than 0.2% on binary classifiers and less than 3% on semantic segmentation networks.

Self-calibrating conformal prediction improves interval efficiency and offers a practical alternative.

problem Improving the reliability and uncertainty quantification of machine learning predictions.
method Combines Venn-Abers calibration and conformal prediction for binary and regression problems.
result Improves interval efficiency through model calibration and offers practical alternatives.

Study evaluates uncertainty estimation methods in binary classification models.

problem Difficulty in quantifying uncertainty in complex models like deep learning.
method Approximate Bayesian inference with synthetic datasets and empirical tests.
result Deep learning-based algorithms do not consistently reflect lack of evidence for out-of-distribution data.

Study optimizes tree-based models for better alignment of predicted scores and actual probabilities.

problem Traditional calibration metrics fail to align predicted scores with actual probabilities when score distributions deviate from the underlying data.
method Optimizes tree-based models (Random Forest, XGBoost) using Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence to minimize the difference between predicted and true probability distributions.
result Optimized tree-based models yield superior alignment between predicted scores and actual probabilities without significant performance loss.

We provide yet another proof of the existence of calibrated forecasters; it has two merits. First, it is valid for an arbitrary finite number of outcomes. Second, it is short and simple and it follows from a direct application of Blackwell's approachability theorem to carefully chosen vector-valued payoff function and …

2009-12-18abs ↗pdf ↗

Benchmark assesses fairness in algorithmic uncertainty, revealing consistent and calibrated estimates improve fairness.

problem Challenges in managing uncertainty in fairness evaluations for predictive algorithms.
method Introduces FairlyUncertain, an axiomatic benchmark for evaluating uncertainty in fairness.
result Consistent and calibrated uncertainty estimates improve fairness without explicit fairness interventions.

A popular methodology for building binary decision-making classifiers in the presence of imperfect information is to first construct a non-binary "scoring" classifier that is calibrated over all protected groups, and then to post-process this score to obtain a binary decision. We study the feasibility of achieving vari…

2018-10-03abs ↗pdf ↗

Unified framework for generalized Venn and Venn-Abers calibration for reliable prediction.

problem Asymptotic guarantees of popular distribution-free methods in model calibration.
method Unified framework extending Vovk's approach to generic loss functions, transforming predictors into set-valued predictions.
result Finite-sample set predictions shrink to a single conditionally calibrated prediction, capturing epistemic uncertainty.

Exact simulation of correlated binary outcomes using PMF constraints and linear programming.

problem Simulating dependent Bernoulli outcomes with specific means and correlations.
method Formulate the problem over the joint Bernoulli PMF, impose constraints, and solve as a linear program. Use convex-hull characterization and truncated-moment completion scheme for feasibility and simulation.
result Exact simulation framework for correlated binary outcomes, providing a convex-hull characterization and truncated-moment completion scheme.

PD curve calibration refers to the transformation of a set of rating grade level probabilities of default (PDs) to another average PD level that is determined by a change of the underlying portfolio-wide PD. This paper presents a framework that allows to explore a variety of calibration approaches and the conditions un…

2012-12-15abs ↗pdf ↗

The paper reviews and extends calibration concepts for classification and regression.

problem Formalizing compatibility between probabilistic predictions and outcomes.
method Review and extension of existing calibration concepts, introduction of new concepts.
result Hierarchical relations between calibration concepts for various data types.

New truthful calibration errors improve model ranking in multiclass prediction.

problem Non-truthful calibration errors can mislead model comparisons.
method Introduced perfectly truthful calibration errors for multiclass predictions.
result Truthful calibration errors preserve decision-theoretic dominance and stabilize model rankings.

New method predicts binary matrix entries using empirical Bayes and low-rank structure.

problem Predicting unobserved entries in binary matrices.
method Empirical Bayes method motivated by Efron--Morris estimator, exploiting low-rank structure.
result Superior performance in predictive accuracy, calibration, and efficiency compared to existing methods.