Modified bikei homology enhances knot and surface invariants.
arXiv research
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Algorithm finds finite fundamental bikei for virtual knots.
Enhanced bikei modules distinguish unoriented and non-orientable surface-links.
We identify a subcategory of biracks which define counting invariants of unoriented links, which we call involutory biracks. In particular, involutory biracks of birack rank N=1 are biquandles, which we call bikei. We define counting invariants of unoriented classical and virtual links using finite involutory biracks, …
Marked vertex diagrams provide a combinatorial way to represent knotted surfaces in ; including virtual crossings allows for a theory of virtual knotted surfaces and virtual cobordisms. Biquandle counting invariants are defined only for marked vertex diagrams representing knotted orientable surfaces; we e…