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arXiv research

A locally-built, LLM-digested index of recent arXiv papers in quant finance, geometry/topology, and statistical ML — keyword search served straight from SQLite on this machine.

168,742 papers · 148 categories

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2468 · Jul 202019922001200920172026
48 results for UK vaccination

UK's rapid vaccine rollout linked to reduced COVID-19 mortality.

problem Assessing the impact of accelerated vaccine rollout on public health outcomes.
method Flexible probabilistic models combining interrupted time series analysis and synthetic control methods with multi-output Gaussian processes.
result Substantial reduction in COVID-19 mortality with little effect on transmission rates.

Background. In Italy, in recent years, vaccination coverage for key immunizations as MMR has been declining to worryingly low levels. In 2017, the Italian Gov't expanded the number of mandatory immunizations introducing penalties to unvaccinated children's families. During the 2018 general elections campaign, immunizat…

2019-12-31abs ↗pdf ↗

A new method improves estimation of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness.

problem Estimating vaccine effectiveness under the test-negative design.
method A doubly robust estimator (TNDDR) using cross-fitting and machine learning.
result The TNDDR estimator is n\sqrt{n}-consistent, asymptotically normal, and doubly robust.

Estimates vaccine effectiveness and immune correlates in TND studies with missing data.

problem Confounding and missing data in TND studies of vaccine effectiveness and immune correlates.
method Targeted maximum likelihood estimation using a semiparametric logistic regression model.
result Valid causal inference of vaccine effectiveness and immune correlates in TND studies with missing exposure data.

Study examines how COVID-19 vaccine companies' popularity affects their stock prices.

problem Impact of COVID-19 vaccine development and rollout on stock prices and company popularity.
method Used Python and various libraries to analyze Google Trends data and stock prices of five vaccine companies.
result Significant correlation between Google Trend data and stock prices, with post-rollout periods showing a slight negative correlation.

The study uses neural networks to classify and predict coronavirus data.

problem Classifying and predicting coronavirus data from input variables.
method Artificial neural networks with logcosh loss function to classify branches of set-valued mappings.
result Successfully classified and predicted coronavirus data for each German district.

In this paper, we investigate the capability of the universal Kriging (UK) model for single-objective global optimization applied within an efficient global optimization (EGO) framework. We implemented this combined UK-EGO framework and studied four variants of the UK methods, that is, a UK with a first-order polynomia…

2018-03-23abs ↗pdf ↗

Deep neural networks predict B-cell epitopes for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.

problem Accurate prediction of B-cell epitopes for vaccine design.
method Deep neural network model with regularization techniques and key features analysis.
result Overall accuracy of 82% in predicting COVID-19 cases.

UK hosts 62.89% of all HYIPs, many registered as 'limited company'.

problem Understanding the prevalence and characteristics of HYIPs in the UK.
method Examined HYIPs' registration in UK, analyzed social media and payment processors, used Cox proportional regression analysis.
result HYIPs with valid UK addresses tend to have longer lifespans.

Estimates the effect of time-varying treatments using machine learning.

problem Estimating the impact of time-varying treatments over multiple periods.
method Difference-in-Differences framework with double/debiased machine learning.
result Higher vaccination rates reduce COVID-19 mortality after several weeks.

This paper studies business cycle patterns in UK sectoral output. It analyzes the distinction between white noise processes and their non-white noise counterparts in the frequency domain and further examines the associated features and patterns for the process where white noise conditions are violated. The characterist…

2010-01-26abs ↗pdf ↗

UK universities pension scheme valuation study shows high dependence on gilt yields.

problem High dependence of UK universities pension scheme on UK government bond yields.
method Analysis of USS valuations from 2014 to 2023, examination of self-sufficiency conditions, and evaluation of metrics.
result Second self-sufficiency condition amplifies gilt yield dependence, leading to inflated liabilities and excessive prudence.

Study improves prediction of UK road accidents' severity using AI.

problem Improving prediction of UK road traffic accident severity.
method Combination of machine learning, econometric, and statistical methods on historical data.
result XGBoost model with RMSE of 0.176 and MAE of 0.087 outperforms naive forecasting.

Study develops a dynamic risk model for COVID-19 mortality using UK Biobank data.

problem Developing tools to monitor high-risk patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.
method Data-driven random forest classification model using baseline characteristics and symptoms.
result Model predicts COVID-19 mortality with excellent performance (AUC: 0.91), identifying novel predictors.

Study relaxes identification assumptions for natural direct effects in non-randomized settings.

problem Identifying causal direct effects under unmeasured confounding.
method Developed relaxed conditions for identifying natural direct effects in non-randomized settings.
result Identified natural direct effect under unmeasured confounding conditions.

Personalized cancer vaccines are envisioned as the next generation rational cancer immunotherapy. The key step in developing personalized therapeutic cancer vaccines is to identify tumor-specific neoantigens that are on the surface of tumor cells. A promising method for this is through de novo peptide sequencing from m…

2019-04-17abs ↗pdf ↗

This paper proposes non-stationary factor models for financial stress in the UK.

problem Managing financial vulnerabilities in the UK's complex financial system.
method Creation of non-stationary factor models to capture financial stress.
result Non-stationary factor models can better capture financial stress, especially tail events.

Study evaluates UK CDC schemes, finding intergenerational cross-subsidies in flat-accrual schemes and dynamic-accrual schemes can reduce but not eliminate them.

problem Intergenerational cross-subsidies in UK CDC schemes, particularly in flat-accrual schemes.
method Comparison of flat-accrual and dynamic-accrual CDC schemes, analysis of performance and level of cross-subsidies.
result Dynamic-accrual schemes can reduce but not eliminate intergenerational cross-subsidies, while flat-accrual schemes often have significant cross-subsidies.

In an analysis of the US, the UK, and the German stock market we find a change in the behavior based on the stock's beta values. Before 2006 risky trades were concentrated on stocks in the IT and technology sector. Afterwards risky trading takes place for stocks from the financial sector. We show that an agent-based mo…

2015-04-23abs ↗pdf ↗

Stochastic encoding improves gender classification of brain networks from UK Biobank data.

problem Complexity and bias in interpreting deep learning models of brain connectivity.
method Stochastic encoding in ensemble of CNNs, multivariate balancing algorithm.
result AUROC of 0.8459, with resting-state data more accurate than task data.

Key to the imposition of appropriate minimum capital requirements on a daily basis requires accurate volatility estimation. Here, measures are presented based on discrete estimation of aggregated high frequency UK futures realisations underpinned by a continuous time framework. Squared and absolute returns are incorpor…

2011-03-28abs ↗pdf ↗

Research quantifies financial exclusion risks in UK, focusing on cash infrastructure and socio-economic factors.

problem Localised financial exclusion in the UK as cash infrastructure declines.
method Developed a composite indicator using various input variables.
result Financial exclusion is more prevalent in deprived communities and affluent areas.

Study tests UK FTSE-listed companies' financial data for Benford's Law conformity.

problem Ensuring the fairness of public revenue collection and reducing tax avoidance risks.
method Utilised pre-tax income and total assets data from 567 FTSE companies, tested for Benford's Laws conformity using χ2\chi^2 and MAD tests.
result MAD test rejects Benford's Laws conformity, suggesting potential issues with reported financial data.

Accurate volatility modelling is paramount for optimal risk management practices. One stylized feature of financial volatility that impacts the modelling process is long memory explored in this paper for alternative risk measures, observed absolute and squared returns for high frequency intraday UK futures. Volatility …

2011-03-29abs ↗pdf ↗

Study assesses weakly-supervised methods for rare outcomes in medical records.

problem Identifying patients with specific medical conditions using electronic health records.
method Compared three methods (PheNorm, MAP, and sureLDA) in simulations with varying outcomes and silver labels.
result No single method consistently outperformed others, but sureLDA often did well.

Paper uses UKS to improve BLE RSSI for proximity inference in mobile phone apps.

problem Improper BLE RSSI for accurate proximity inference during pandemics.
method Single-dimensional Unscented Kalman Smoother (UKS) with Gaussian process observation transforms.
result UKS outperforms traditional methods in predicting infection risk from BLE RSSI.

Two sets of high quality income data are analysed in detail, one set from the UK, one from the USA. It is firstly demonstrated that both a log-normal distribution and a Boltzmann distribution can give very accurate fits to both these data sets. The absence of a power tail in the US data set is then discussed. Taken in …

2004-06-28abs ↗pdf ↗

New method removes interference bias in causal models.

problem Interference bias impedes causal effect identification in real-world settings.
method Novel definition of causal models with local interference, semi-parametric assumptions.
result True Average Causal Effect can be identified in certain semi-parametric models with local interference.

Empirical study on long-term discount rates using historical bond prices.

problem Estimating long-term real interest rates and discount rates from historical bond data.
method Using Fourier transforms to derive the discount function and fitting it to historical data.
result Estimated long-term discount rates of 1.7% for UK and 2.2% for US.

The paper explores fairness, welfare, and equity in personalized pricing across various applications.

problem Interplay of fairness, welfare, and equity in personalized pricing based on customer features.
method Comprehensive literature review and observational metrics without underlying valuation distribution assumptions.
result Personalized pricing can expand access, improve welfare, and increase revenue or budget utilization.

Value at risk (VaR) is a risk measure that has been widely implemented by financial institutions. This paper measures the correlation among asset price changes implied from VaR calculation. Empirical results using US and UK equity indexes show that implied correlation is not constant but tends to be higher for events i…

2011-03-29abs ↗pdf ↗

New methods improve genetic studies of complex diseases.

problem Improving genetic studies of complex diseases using high-dimensional clinical data.
method Evaluation of unsupervised disentangled representation learning methods (autoencoders, VAE, beta-VAE, FactorVAE) for genetic association studies.
result FactorVAEs and beta-VAEs outperform standard VAEs and non-variational autoencoders in genetic studies of asthma and COPD.