Knots connected via a trivial band sum to connected sum.
problem Conditions for band-connected sum to equal connected sum.
method Analyzing knots and bands to determine conditions for equality.
result A band is trivial if and only if a band-connected sum equals a connected sum.
Connected sum affects crossing numbers of flat virtual knots.
problem Understanding how connected sum impacts the crossing numbers of flat virtual knots.
method Analyzing minimal crossing diagrams and using super-additivity properties.
result Crossing number of flat virtual knots is super-additive under connected sum.
Classifies exceptional Legendrian realizations of Hopf link connected sums.
problem Classifying exceptional Legendrian realizations of Hopf link connected sums.
method Complete coarse classification using Legendrian knot theory.
result First classification result about exceptional Legendrian representatives for Hopf link connected sums.
Connected sums of quasipositive links are quasipositive.
problem Understanding when connected sums of links are quasipositive.
method Filling disk technique
result Connected sums of quasipositive links are quasipositive.
Knots' Morse-Novikov number behaves additively under connected sum and unchanged by cabling.
problem Behavior of Morse-Novikov number under knot operations.
method Additivity under connected sum and invariance under cabling.
result Morse-Novikov number is additive under connected sum and unchanged by cabling.
Proofs knot homology connected sums using grid complexes.
problem Proving Künneth formula for knot Floer homology of connected sums.
method Constructs a quasi-isomorphism of grid chain complexes.
result Functorial behavior of Legendrian and transverse invariants under connected sum.
New method proves Jones Polynomial's connect sum property.
problem Jones Polynomial's behavior under connect sums.
method Trip matrix method for calculating Jones Polynomial.
result Jones Polynomial is multiplicative under connect sums.
Contact connected sums do not increase support genus.
problem Understanding how support genus changes under contact connected sums.
method Analyzing the support genus of contact connected sums of 3-manifolds.
result The support genus of contact connected sums is at most the maximum of the summands' support genera.
Genus 3 Heegaard groups of lens space connected sums are finitely generated.
problem Understanding the structure of mapping class groups of genus 3 Heegaard splittings.
method Proved finitely generated property through connected reducing sphere complexes.
result Mapping class groups are finitely generated and complexes are connected.
We define the generalized connected sum for generic closed plane curves, generalizing the strange sum defined by Arnold, and completely describe how the Arnold invariants J± and St behave under the generalized connected sums.
Proves a general connected sum formula for families Seiberg-Witten invariants.
problem Limited connected sum formulae for families Seiberg-Witten theory.
method Develops a general connected sum formula incorporating previous results.
result Proves a new connected sum formula for Seiberg-Witten families.
Formula proved for Lusternik-Schnirelmann category of connected sums of manifolds.
problem Calculating the Lusternik-Schnirelmann category for connected sums of manifolds.
method Used the Berstein-Hilton invariant to prove the formula.
result Proved the formula $\cat(M_1\sharp M_2)=\max\{\cat M_1, \cat M_2\}$ for closed manifolds.
Study connects knot polynomials with number theory sums.
problem Alexander polynomials and Dedekind sums of torus knots.
method No specific method mentioned; connects known concepts.
result Established relationship between knot theory and number theory.
When two boundary-parabolic representations of knot groups are given, we introduce the connected sum of these representations and show several natural properties including the unique factorization property. Furthermore, the complex volume of the connected sum is the sum of each complex volumes modulo iπ2 and the twi…
Researchers solved a conjecture about a mathematical structure of connected sums of solid tori.
problem Determining the structure of Kauffman bracket skein module of connected sums of solid tori.
method Used algebraic methods over the ring of Laurent polynomials to prove the conjecture.
result Proved a conjecture about the Kauffman bracket skein module of connected sums of genus one handlebodies.
Connected sum of CR manifolds with positive CR Yamabe constant is possible.
problem Establishing the existence of a CR structure with positive CR Yamabe constant for connected sums of CR manifolds.
method Analyzing the properties of connected sums of CR manifolds with positive CR Yamabe constant.
result The connected sum of M1 and M2 admits a CR structure with positive CR Yamabe constant. Weyl energy decreases for connected sums of certain four-manifolds.
problem Finding metrics with minimized Weyl energy on connected sums of four-manifolds.
method Proving existence of a metric on the connected sum with strictly smaller Weyl energy than the sum of energies of the original manifolds.
result Weyl energy of the connected sum is strictly smaller than the sum of energies of the original manifolds.
We prove a formula for the conjugation action on the knot Floer complex of the connected sum of two knots. Using the formula we construct a homomorphism from the smooth concordance group to an abelian group consisting of chain complexes with homotopy automorphisms, modulo an equivalence relation. Using our connected su…
Formula connects knot complements' invariants.
problem Understanding invariants of knot complements.
method Proposed a connect sum formula for two-variable series invariants.
result Numerical evidence supports the formula for various torus knots.
We study connected sum at infinity on smooth, open manifolds. This operation requires a choice of proper ray in each manifold summand. In favorable circumstances, the connected sum at infinity operation is independent of ray choices. For each m at least 3, we construct an infinite family of pairs of m-manifolds on whic…
4-manifolds can be exotic after connected sum with S^2 x S^2.
problem Existence of exotic contractible 4-manifolds.
method Constructed a cork that remains exotic after connected sum with S^2 x S^2.
result Existence of exotic pair of contractible 4-manifolds.
Paper disproves a theorem about Kauffman bracket skein module structure.
problem Disproving a 22-year-old theorem about Kauffman bracket skein module structure.
method Analyzing handle slidings on compressing discs in handlebodies.
result More relations found than previously predicted for connected sum of handlebodies.
We give inequalities for the Manolescu invariants α,β,γ under the connected sum operation. We compute the Manolescu invariants of connected sums of some Seifert fiber spaces. Using these same invariants, we provide a proof of Furuta's Theorem, the existence of a Z∞ subgroup of the homology cobordism …
New G_2-manifolds created from quotients of twisted connected sums.
problem Creating new G_2-manifolds with specific topological properties.
method Generalizing Kovalev's twisted connected sums by taking quotients of pieces before gluing.
result Realization of a wider range of topological types of G_2-manifolds.
We show that if a fibered knot K is expressed as a band--connected sum of K1,…,Kn, then each Ki is fibered, and the genus of K is greater than or equal to that of the connected sum of K1,…,Kn.
We prove that transversal non-simplicity is preserved under taking connect sum, generalizing Vertesi's result.
Connected sum of manifolds preserves Ricci lower bounds.
problem Proving connected sum of manifolds with spectral Ricci lower bounds.
method Geometric construction resembling Gromov-Lawson tunnel, focusing on γ>n−2n−1. result Connected sum M#N also admits a metric satisfying the Ricci lower bound condition. The article provides formulas for the number of terms in connected sums of sphere products associated with dual-neighborly polytopes.
problem Understanding the number of terms in the connected sums of sphere products associated with dual-neighborly polytopes.
method Combinatorial operations and formulas for the number of terms in the connected sums of sphere products.
result Formulas for the number of terms in the connected sums of sphere products associated with dual-neighborly polytopes.
The paper defines and analyzes the adjoint Reidemeister torsion for connected sums of knots.
problem Defining and analyzing the adjoint Reidemeister torsion for connected sums of knots.
method Defined a natural way to compute the adjoint Reidemeister torsion for high-dimensional components of the character variety.
result The adjoint Reidemeister torsion is locally constant and satisfies the vanishing identity.
The paper studies grid homology for spatial graphs and proves a Künneth formula for connected sums.
problem Understanding grid homology for spatial graphs with various types of edges.
method Developed grid homology for spatial graphs with cut edges and applied it to prove a Künneth formula for connected sums.
result A Künneth formula for knot Floer homology of connected sums is proven using grid homology.
The Strong Slope Conjecture is proven for specific knot types.
problem Proving the Strong Slope Conjecture for various knot types.
method Using connect sums and cabling, the conjecture is shown to be closed under these operations.
result The Strong Slope Conjecture is established for graph knots.
The study allows for connected sums in manifolds with positive intermediate Ricci curvature.
problem Performing connected sums in manifolds with positive intermediate Ricci curvature.
method Introducing and utilizing k-core metrics to show the possibility of connected sums. result Connected sums are possible under certain conditions involving k-core metrics. Study on geodesics on connected sums of manifolds, showing infinite number of distinct closed geodesics.
problem Counting geometrically distinct closed geodesics on connected sums of manifolds.
method Analyzing the asymptotics of the number of closed geodesics on Riemannian or Finsler metrics.
result Generic Riemannian metrics on compact 3-manifolds have infinitely many geometrically distinct closed geodesics.
The paper improves bounds on topological complexity for certain manifolds.
problem Determining bounds on topological complexity for specific manifolds.
method Analyzing cohomology classes and their pullbacks, using Gromov norm.
result Improved bounds on topological complexity for connected sums.
We study Legendrian singular links up to contact isotopy. Using a special property of the singular points, we define the singular connected sum of Legendrian singular links. This concept is a generalization of the connected sum and can be interpreted as a tangle replacement, which provides a way to classify Legendrian …
The study preserves positive Ricci curvature on connected sums of fibre bundles.
problem Preserving positive Ricci curvature on connected sums of fibre bundles.
method Lifting core metrics along general fibre bundles and applying to specific spaces.
result All classes in the torsion-free oriented bordism ring can be represented by connected manifolds of positive Ricci curvature.
We investigate the boundness of the Riesz transform on Lp for connected sum of manifolds where the Riesz transform is bounded on Lp.
The study characterizes 3D manifolds using specific Morse-Bott functions.
problem Characterizing 3D manifolds represented as connected sums of Lens spaces, S2imesS1, and torus bundles. method Using Morse-Bott functions to classify the manifolds.
result Explicit characterization of the manifolds via certain Morse-Bott functions.
We prove the Weinstein conjecture for non-trivial contact connected sums under either of two topological conditions: non-trivial fundamental group or torsion-free homology.
Developed Gompf connected sum for orbifolds, constructing symplectic and K-contact manifolds.
problem Constructing symplectic and K-contact manifolds with specific properties.
method Developed Gompf fiber connected sum operation for symplectic orbifolds and used it to construct the required manifolds.
result Constructed a K-contact Smale-Barden manifold with specified 2-homology and sharper estimates.
It is a well known result of Gromov that all manifolds of a given dimension with positive sectional curvature are subject to a universal bound on the sum of their Betti numbers. On the other hand, there is no such bound for manifolds with positive Ricci curvature: indeed, Perelman constructed positive Ricci metrics on …
The study explores dimensions for connected sums of almost complex manifolds and extends results to rational homology spheres.
problem Understanding dimensions for connected sums of almost complex manifolds and extending results to rational homology spheres.
method Obstruction theory and Yang's results on almost complex structures were used to answer questions about dimensions. The index of the twisted spin^c Dirac operator was applied to extend results to rational homology spheres.
result The study partially extends Datta and Subramanian's result on the nonexistence of almost complex structures on products of two even spheres to rational homology spheres.
Study on knot unknotting numbers and their behavior under connected sums.
problem Behavior of knot unknotting numbers under connected sums.
method Analyzing the band-unknotting number and its sub-additivity properties.
result Infinitely many examples showing unb(K1#K2)<unb(K1)+unb(K2) and unb(K1#K2)<unb(Ki) for i=1,2. If a knot is a nontrivial connected sum of positive torus knots, then it is not concordant to an L-space knot.
In this paper, we provide the necessary and sufficient conditions for the connected sum of knots in S3 to be Legendrian simple.
Study open 3-manifolds as sums of closed ones, finding a classification.
problem Classifying open 3-manifolds that are sums of closed 3-manifolds.
method Introduced topological invariants, classified when finitely many summands up to diffeomorphism.
result Unified classification of open 3-manifolds and closed 3-manifolds.
New 5-manifolds allow Sasaki-Einstein structures.
problem Finding new 5-manifolds with Sasaki-Einstein structures.
method Proving existence of Sasaki-Einstein structures on specific 5-manifolds.
result Closed simply connected 5-manifolds allow Sasaki-Einstein structures.
We provide a formula for the SU(3) Casson invariant for 3-manifolds given as the connected sum of two integral homology 3-spheres.