Extends knot polynomial to knotted 4-valent graphs.
problem Constructing an invariant for knotted 4-valent graphs.
method Graphical calculus and Reidemeister moves for 4-valent graphs.
result Extension of polynomial to knotted 4-valent graphs.
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48 results for “4-valent maps”
New polynomial for checkerboard-colorable 4-valent virtual graphs.
problem No specific problem stated; focuses on a new polynomial.
method Euler circuit expansion to assign polynomial to graphs.
result New combinatorial formulation of Kauffman-Jones polynomial.
Study on random alternating link diagrams and their hyperbolic volumes.
problem Understanding the relationship between the combinatorial structure and hyperbolic volume of random links.
method Model based on random 4-valent maps, analyzing alternating and nonalternating diagrams.
result Expected hyperbolic volume is asymptotically linear in the number of crossings for random alternating diagrams.
Generalizes Kauffman-Vogel polynomials to oriented and unoriented 4-valent graphs.
problem Polynomial invariants of 4-valent rigid vertex graphs.
method Using bracket and clasps to generalize the one-variable Kauffman-Vogel polynomial.
result New polynomial invariants for oriented and unoriented 4-valent graphs.
Paper shows any link can be diagrammed with only triangles and quadrilaterals.
problem Representing links with only triangles and quadrilaterals.
method Examined link diagrams as 4-valent graphs on a sphere.
result Any link can be represented with only triangles and quadrilaterals.
New knot invariant from 3-braids and 6-valent graphs.
problem Classical knot invariant construction.
method Using group and plat closure of braids, define a map to framed 6-valent graphs.
result Obtained a knot invariant valued in equivalence classes of graphs.
We use 4-valent planar graphs and singular cobordisms (called foams) to construct an integral doubly-graded cohomology for tangles, and in particular for links, whose graded Euler characteristic yields the sl(n) link polynomial (for n > 3).
We generalize the colored Jones polynomial to -valent graphs. This generalization is given as a sequence of invariants in which the first term is a one variable specialization of the Kauffman-Vogel polynomial. We use the invariant we construct to give a sequence of singular braid group representations.
The notion of a pseudoknot is defined as an equivalence class of knot diagrams that may be missing some crossing information. We provide here a topological invariant schema for pseudoknots and their relatives, 4-valent rigid vertex spatial graphs and singular knots, that is obtained by replacing unknown crossings or ve…
Geodesics on curved surfaces can't fill certain configurations.
problem Geodesics on negatively curved surfaces cannot fill specific configurations.
method Generalized Hass and Scott's example to surfaces of any genus and number of punctures.
result Impossible configurations for geodesics on negatively-curved surfaces exist.
Call {\em i-hedrite} any 4-valent n-vertex plane graph, whose faces are 2-, 3- and 4-gons only and . The edges of an i-hedrite, as of any Eulerian plane graph, are partitioned by its {\em central circuits}, i.e. those, which are obtained by starting with an edge and continuing at each vertex by the edge oppo…
We consider the problem of counting and of listing topologically inequivalent "planar" {4-valent} maps with a single component and a given number n of vertices. This enables us to count and to tabulate immersions of a circle in a sphere (spherical curves), extending results by Arnold and followers. Different options wh…
Motivated by his studies in knot theory V. Vassiliev introduced -graphs as regular 4-valent graph with a structure of pairs of opposite edges at each vertex. He conjectured the conditions under which -graph can be embedded into a plane respecting the the -structure at every vertex. The conjecture was proved by…
The paper introduces a new Markov chain sampler for knot diagrams.
problem Efficiency of existing sampling methods for knot diagrams is limited.
method Local moves based on Reidemeister moves to sample plane curves, then map to knot diagrams.
result Achieved an efficient sampler of knot diagrams and analyzed their asymptotic behavior.
Paper extends method of presenting surface-links to immersed surface-links.
problem Presenting immersed surface-links in 4-space.
method Use marked graph diagrams with moves preserving isotopy classes.
result Extended method for presenting immersed surface-links.
The face pairing graph of a 3-manifold triangulation is a 4-valent graph denoting which tetrahedron faces are identified with which others. We present a series of properties that must be satisfied by the face pairing graph of a closed minimal P^2-irreducible triangulation. In addition we present constraints upon the co…
We employ a solution of the Yang-Baxter equation to construct invariants for knot-like objects. Specifically, we consider a Yang-Baxter state model for the sl(n) polynomial of classical links and extend it to oriented singular links and balanced oriented 4-valent knotted graphs with rigid vertices. We also define a rep…
A marked graph diagram is a link diagram possibly with marked -valent vertices. S. J. Lomonaco, Jr. and K. Yoshikawa introduced a method of representing surface-links by marked graph diagrams. Specially, K. Yoshikawa gave local moves on marked graph diagrams, nowadays called Yoshikawa moves. It is now known that two…
New examples show non-trivial parity-biquandle bracket.
problem Constructing non-trivial parity-biquandle bracket examples.
method Slightly changed notation and constructed examples of knots and links.
result Minimality theorem: graphs appear as link invariants.
By using the cohomology theory of quandles, quandle cocycle invariants and shadow quandle cocycle invariants are defined for oriented links and surface-links via broken surface diagrams. By using symmetric quandles, symmetric quandle cocycle invariants are also defined for unoriented links and surface-links via broken …
New exotic 4-manifolds created from lines and quadrics in CP^2.
problem Creating new exotic 4-manifolds homeomorphic but not diffeomorphic to CP^2 # 8 \overline{CP^2} and CP^2 # 9 \overline{CP^2}.
method Rational blowdown surgery along 4-valent plumbing graphs formed by complex lines and quadrics in CP^2.
result Graph classes from \cite{weighted} have representatives admitting rational blowdown leading to exotic manifolds.
Characterizes arithmetic and commensurable links in curved surfaces.
problem Classifying arithmetic and commensurable links in curved surfaces.
method Combines symmetry arguments, combinatorial geometry, and number-theoretic data.
result Characterizes arithmetic and commensurable right-angled tiling links.
This paper contains some more results on the topology of a nondegenerate action of on a compact connected -manifold when the action is totally hyperbolic (i.e. its toric degree is zero). We study the -action generated by a fixed vector of , that provides some results on t…
Origamis' orbits are non-planar except for a few specific cases.
problem Determining the planarity of origamis' orbits under SL(2,Z) action.
method Analyzing 4-valent graphs from SL(2,Z) action on origamis in H(2).
result Most origamis' orbits are non-planar, with specific exceptions.
Classifies doodles into prime and super prime types, describing them with doodle codes.
problem Classifying doodles into prime and super prime types.
method Using doodle codes to describe complementary regions and enumerate doodle diagrams.
result Super prime doodles have a Hamiltonian circuit.
Improved linear upper bound for ribbonlength of knots.
problem Estimating the ribbonlength of knots and links.
method Using four-page open book decompositions and spanning trees of checkerboard graphs, constructing a four-page presentation with at most 2c(K) arcs.
result Proved that ribbonlength is bounded above by the four-page index, leading to the linear bound Rib(K) ≤ 2c(K).
The article establishes a polynomial for signed cyclic graphs and links it to checkerboard colorability.
problem Understanding graphical virtual links and their properties.
method Constructing virtual links from signed cyclic graphs, proving checkerboard colorability, and introducing a polynomial F[G].
result A virtual link is graphical if and only if it is checkerboard colorable.
Aicardi's invariant is extended to colored singular links using graphical calculus.
problem Constructing an invariant for colored classical and singular links.
method State-sum model using graphical calculus for oriented, colored, 4-valent planar graphs.
result Extends to colored singular links, showing it's stronger than HOMFLY-PT polynomial.
Quantum theory of curved tetrahedrons yields quantum group intertwiners.
problem Quantum geometry of curved tetrahedrons and their intertwiners.
method Combinatorial quantization of tetrahedron phase space, relating to SU(2) flat connections.
result Physical Hilbert space coincides with Uq(su(2)) intertwiners, consistent with LQG area spectrum.
In the present paper, we define an invariant of free links valued in a free product of some copies of . In \cite{Ma2} the second named author constructed a connection between classical braid group and group presentation generated by elements corresponding to horizontal trisecants. This approach does not…
The article explores the mapping class group using unicellular maps and provides filtrations.
problem Understanding the structure of the mapping class group.
method Using unicellular maps and surgeries, the article describes the mapping class group.
result Provides filtrations of the mapping class group.
Constructs a moment map flow for isotropic maps on surfaces.
problem Understanding isotropic maps on surfaces and their properties.
method Develops a Kähler moment map geometry and a modified moment map flow.
result Polyhedral modified moment map flow induces a strong deformation retraction.
Deep learning classifies seven types of maps for better access.
problem Efficiently accessing the right map type from digital maps.
method Used deep convolutional neural networks to classify seven types of maps.
result Deep learning can accurately classify different types of maps.
The paper constructs biharmonic maps between spheres using polynomial maps.
problem Creating biharmonic maps between spheres.
method Using harmonic homogeneous polynomial maps of different degrees to generate proper biharmonic maps.
result Established a method for constructing proper biharmonic product maps.
Both bi-harmonic map and -harmonic map have nice physical motivation and applications. In this paper, by combination of these two harmonic maps, we introduce and study -bi-harmonic maps as the critical points of the -bi-energy functional . This class of maps generalizes both …
Generic pseudo-Anosov mapping classes in mapping class groups.
problem Understanding the prevalence of pseudo-Anosov mapping classes.
method Proving genericity with respect to specific notions of genericity.
result Pseudo-Anosov mapping classes are generic in mapping class groups.
Paper constructs maps for sutured monopole Floer homology.
problem None explicitly stated in the abstract.
method Constructs gluing and cobordism maps for sutured monopole Floer homology.
result Developed mathematical tools for sutured monopole Floer homology.
The paper generalizes Reeb spaces for special generic maps and lifts smooth functions.
problem Constructing lifts of smooth maps, especially Morse functions.
method Defining and generalizing quotient maps onto Reeb spaces of special generic maps and constructing lifts.
result Lifts of Morse functions can be constructed using the generalized maps.
Research explores real algebraic realization of round fold maps of codimension -1.
problem Real algebraic realization of round fold maps of codimension -1.
method Generalizes canonical projections of unit spheres to round fold maps and discusses their real algebraic realization.
result Developed new studies in real algebraic geometry focusing on round fold maps of codimension -1.
Study shows pure mapping classes can generate pseudo-Anosov mapping classes with certain conditions.
problem Understanding when pure mapping classes generate pseudo-Anosov mapping classes.
method Analyzing products of a given mapping class and powers of pure mapping classes, deriving an explicit constant.
result Almost all pure mapping classes generate pseudo-Anosov mapping classes when their powers exceed a certain constant.
The paper derives Liouville theorems for various generalized maps on Riemannian manifolds.
problem Deriving Liouville theorems for generalized maps on Riemannian manifolds.
method Using conservation laws and monotonicity formulas, the paper derives Liouville theorems for different types of maps under various conditions.
result The paper establishes Liouville theorems for several types of generalized maps, including - harmonic maps, - symphonic maps, and ---harmonic maps.
This paper shows semi-equivelar toroidal maps are vertex-transitive covers.
problem Understanding the relationship between semi-equivelar and vertex-transitive toroidal maps.
method Proving semi-equivelar toroidal maps are quotients of vertex-transitive toroidal maps.
result Each semi-equivelar toroidal map has a finite vertex-transitive cover.
Paper defines and studies Clairaut warped product Riemannian maps.
problem Understanding the geometry of specific Riemannian maps.
method Identify geodesic conditions, derive conditions for Clairaut maps, and calculate curvature.
result Found conditions for a warped product Riemannian map to be Clairaut.
Study shows no boundary maps for certain groups.
problem Existence of boundary maps for hierarchically hyperbolic spaces.
method Analysis of right-angled Artin groups and mapping class groups.
result Negative results on boundary maps for some groups.
The paper explores unique continuation properties for polyharmonic maps between Riemannian manifolds.
problem Investigating unique continuation principles for polyharmonic maps.
method Analyzing critical points of higher order functionals to prove extensions of known results in harmonic and biharmonic cases.
result Proving extensions of unique continuation principles for k-harmonic maps.
The hyperelliptic mapping class group has been studied in various contexts within topology and algebraic geometry. What makes this study tractable is that there is a surjective map from the hyperelliptic mapping class group to a mapping class group of a punctured sphere. The more general family of superelliptic mapping…
This paper constructs real algebraic maps that are topologically special generic maps.
problem Constructing smooth maps in differential topology and real algebraic geometry.
method Constructs real algebraic maps that are topologically special generic maps.
result Real algebraic maps are topologically special generic maps.
Derives stress-energy tensor for polyharmonic maps.
problem Characterizing polyharmonic maps between Riemannian manifolds.
method Derives stress-energy tensor and uses it to characterize polyharmonic maps.
result Characterizes polyharmonic maps, focusing on triharmonic maps.