New invariants measure how far spanning surfaces are from being compressible.
arXiv research
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In this paper, we define finite type invariants for cyclic equivalence classes of nanophrases and construct the universal ones. Also, we identify the universal finite type invariant of degree 1 essentially with the linking matrix. It is known that extended Arnold's basic invariants to signed words are finite type invar…
We consider the first non-zero eigenvalue of the Laplacian on hyperbolic surfaces for which one disconnecting collar degenerates and prove that essentially agrees with the dual of the differential of the degenerating Fenchel-Nielsen length coordinate. As a consequence, we can improve previous …
Essential surfaces in link diagrams on surfaces are crucial for understanding link properties.
A 3D area-minimizing current in R^5 has a 2-fold essential singularity.