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arXiv research

A locally-built, LLM-digested index of recent arXiv papers in quant finance, geometry/topology, and statistical ML — keyword search served straight from SQLite on this machine.

168,657 papers · 148 categories

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62125187249 · Jun 202019922001200920172026
48 results for statistical verification

We present a new approach to assessing the robustness of neural networks based on estimating the proportion of inputs for which a property is violated. Specifically, we estimate the probability of the event that the property is violated under an input model. Our approach critically varies from the formal verification f…

2018-11-17abs ↗pdf ↗

Test assesses if a linear classifier is random or significant.

problem Determining if a linear classifier captures meaningful differences between classes.
method Proposes a homogeneity test related to linear separability, establishes upper bounds for p-values.
result Upper bounds for p-values are highly accurate for normally distributed samples.

Formalizes weak and strong verification for LLMs, controlling errors without assumptions.

problem Balancing cost and reliability in reasoning with LLMs.
method Formalizes weak-strong verification policies, introduces metrics, develops online algorithm.
result Optimal policies admit a two-threshold structure, and calibration and sharpness govern value of weak verifiers.

This paper reviews methods for constructing confidence intervals for error rates in 1:1 matching tasks.

problem Challenges in assessing uncertainty of error rates in matching algorithms, especially when data are dependent and error rates are low.
method Derives and examines statistical properties of methods for constructing confidence intervals for error rates in 1:1 matching tasks.
result Coverage and interval width vary with sample size, error rates, and data dependence.

We propose to investigate test statistics for testing homogeneity in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. Asymptotic null distributions under null hypothesis are derived, and consistency against fixed and local alternatives is assessed. Finally, experimental evidence of the performance of the proposed approach on both ar…

2008-04-07abs ↗pdf ↗

The risk of a financial position is usually summarized by a risk measure. As this risk measure has to be estimated from historical data, it is important to be able to verify and compare competing estimation procedures. In statistical decision theory, risk measures for which such verification and comparison is possible,…

2013-03-07abs ↗pdf ↗

Data taggants verify dataset ownership without harming models or requiring model internals.

problem Verifying dataset ownership without harming models or requiring model internals.
method Using pairs of out-of-distribution samples and random labels as secret keys, subtly altering a dataset to detect models trained on it.
result Data taggants reliably detect models trained on the protected dataset with high confidence, without compromising validation accuracy.

Hypothesis testing is an important problem with applications in target localization, clinical trials etc. Many active hypothesis testing strategies operate in two phases: an exploration phase and a verification phase. In the exploration phase, selection of experiments is such that a moderate level of confidence on the …

2018-12-04abs ↗pdf ↗

This research simplifies verification of machine learning systems using reparameterization.

problem Reduce or eliminate serious bugs in machine learning systems.
method Use proof assistants to construct machine-checked proofs of correctness, leveraging reparameterization to handle probabilistic claims.
result Demonstrates broad applicability of reparameterization to verify different types of machine learning systems.

Accelerates DNN robustness verification with target labels.

problem Improving the robustness of deep neural networks against adversarial attacks.
method Guiding robustness verification with target labels, reducing search space and using symbolic interval propagation and linear relaxation.
result Significantly improves DNN verification speed by 36X, especially when perturbation distance is reasonable.

New methods combat data poisoning attacks in bandit algorithms using limited verification.

problem Data poisoning attacks on bandit algorithms, especially in the UCB and ETC types.
method Verification-based mechanisms to restore optimal regret with limited verifications.
result A simple modified ETC type bandit algorithm can restore optimal regret with O(logT)O(\log T) verifications.

In this paper we demonstrate that performance of a speaker verification system can be improved by concatenating electroencephalography (EEG) signal features with speech signal features or only using EEG signal features. We use state-of-the-art end-to-end deep learning model for performing speaker verification and we de…

2019-06-17abs ↗pdf ↗

Improves neural network verification by merging abstract domains and Lagrangian methods.

problem Prove provable bounds for neural network outputs given input ranges.
method Uses zonotopes within a Lagrangian decomposition to verify deep neural networks.
result Yields bounds that improve upon existing techniques in both time and tightness.

This paper explores formal verification for autonomous systems, identifying limitations and proposing improvements.

problem Ensuring safety of autonomous systems like self-driving cars and drones.
method Formal verification techniques based on formal methods, analyzing three assumptions and their limitations.
result Preliminary work to improve the strength of evidence provided by formal verification.

Paper develops a model for verifying facts in tables without pre-retrieved evidence.

problem Verification of factual claims in structured data, especially in open-domain settings.
method Joint reranking-and-verification model that fuses evidence documents.
result Model achieves comparable performance to closed-domain state-of-the-art on TabFact dataset.

Robustness verification that aims to formally certify the prediction behavior of neural networks has become an important tool for understanding model behavior and obtaining safety guarantees. However, previous methods can usually only handle neural networks with relatively simple architectures. In this paper, we consid…

2020-02-16abs ↗pdf ↗

Efficiently verifies neural networks by handling neuron splits, improving speed and accuracy.

problem Handling neuron split constraints in incomplete neural network verification.
method β-CROWN, which optimizes parameters β to encode neuron splits and uses them in bound propagation.
result β-CROWN significantly speeds up verification while maintaining high accuracy.

A new framework for robustness analysis of deep neural networks using PAC-model learning.

problem Analyzing local robustness of deep neural networks.
method Black-box model learning with scenario optimisation to abstract DNN behaviour via an affine model with PAC guarantee.
result DeepPAC outperforms state-of-the-art statistical methods in practical robustness analysis.

Researchers find floating point errors can mislead neural network verifiers.

problem Floating point arithmetic inaccuracies mislead neural network verifiers.
method Efficiently searches inputs and constructs neural network architectures to exploit verification errors.
result Floating point errors can systematically mislead neural network verifiers.

We study the robustness verification problem for tree-based models, including decision trees, random forests (RFs) and gradient boosted decision trees (GBDTs). Formal robustness verification of decision tree ensembles involves finding the exact minimal adversarial perturbation or a guaranteed lower bound of it. Existin…

2019-06-10abs ↗pdf ↗

This study extends verifiable learning to boosted tree ensembles, enabling efficient security verification.

problem Efficiently verifying the robustness of boosted tree ensembles against norm-based attackers.
method Formal verification of robustness for large-spread boosted tree ensembles, considering LL_\infty-norm and pseudo-polynomial time for LpL_p-norm verification.
result Polynomial time verification for LL_\infty-norm attackers, NP-hard for other norms, and pseudo-polynomial time for LpL_p-norm verification.

We introduce a probabilistic robustness measure for Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs), defined as the probability that, given a test point, there exists a point within a bounded set such that the BNN prediction differs between the two. Such a measure can be used, for instance, to quantify the probability of the existence…

2019-03-05abs ↗pdf ↗

This paper tackles robustness of ensemble stumps and trees under general ℓ_p norm perturbations.

problem The vulnerability of ensemble stumps and trees to small input perturbations under the ℓ_∞ norm.
method Developed dynamic programming algorithms for robustness verification and certified defense under general ℓ_p norm perturbations.
result First certified defense method for ensemble stumps and trees under ℓ_p norm perturbations.

Inference-Time Scaling can be extended to domains prone to systematic failure using intrinsic statistics.

problem Scaling inference time in domains prone to systematic failure
method Intrinsic Selection (iS), Intrinsic Particle Filtering (iPF), and Particle Distillation (dPF)
result Intrinsic Selection improves engineering design selection by 20% and pass@1 by 6.1 points on average.

New spoofing strategies show PoL verification is more vulnerable than previously thought.

problem Vulnerability of Proof-of-Learning verification mechanisms.
method Developed new spoofing strategies that can be reproduced across different configurations and are more cost-effective.
result Current PoL verification is not robust to adversaries and requires further understanding of optimization in deep learning.

We present a scoring approach for speaker verification that mimics the standard PLDA-based backend process used in most current speaker verification systems. However, unlike the standard backends, all parameters of the model are jointly trained to optimize the binary cross-entropy for the speaker verification task. We …

2019-11-26abs ↗pdf ↗

NeuroDiff improves neural network equivalence verification with fine-grained approximations.

problem Verifying the equivalence of compressed neural networks.
method Symbolic and fine-grained approximation technique for differential verification.
result NeuroDiff achieves up to 1000X speedup and 5X accuracy improvement.

Paper improves speaker verification with federated learning and differential privacy.

problem Improving speaker verification accuracy using private data.
method Combining federated learning and differential privacy to train an auxiliary model that predicts vocal characteristics.
result 6% relative improvement in equal error rate over a baseline system.

This paper addresses the problem of formally verifying desirable properties of neural networks, i.e., obtaining provable guarantees that neural networks satisfy specifications relating their inputs and outputs (robustness to bounded norm adversarial perturbations, for example). Most previous work on this topic was limi…

2018-03-17abs ↗pdf ↗

Authorship verification tries to answer the question if two documents with unknown authors were written by the same author or not. A range of successful technical approaches has been proposed for this task, many of which are based on traditional linguistic features such as n-grams. These algorithms achieve good results…

2019-08-20abs ↗pdf ↗

An important step in speaker verification is extracting features that best characterize the speaker voice. This paper investigates a front-end processing that aims at improving the performance of speaker verification based on the SVMs classifier, in text independent mode. This approach combines features based on conven…

2013-06-12abs ↗pdf ↗

A new type of End-to-End system for text-dependent speaker verification is presented in this paper. Previously, using the phonetically discriminative/speaker discriminative DNNs as feature extractors for speaker verification has shown promising results. The extracted frame-level (DNN bottleneck, posterior or d-vector) …

2017-01-03abs ↗pdf ↗

In this paper, we present a reverberation removal approach for speaker verification, utilizing dual-label deep neural networks (DNNs). The networks perform feature mapping between the spectral features of reverberant and clean speech. Long short term memory recurrent neural networks (LSTMs) are trained to map corrupted…

2018-09-08abs ↗pdf ↗

New method improves neural network verification by considering multivariate input space of ReLU neurons.

problem Improving the effectiveness of neural network verification algorithms.
method A new tightened convex relaxation for ReLU neurons considering multivariate input space.
result Our convex relaxation is significantly stronger than the commonly used univariate-input relaxation.

Verification determines whether two samples belong to the same class or not, and has important applications such as face and fingerprint verification, where thousands or millions of categories are present but each category has scarce labeled examples, presenting two major challenges for existing deep learning models. W…

2017-06-12abs ↗pdf ↗