The vulnerability of deep neural networks to adversarial attacks has been widely demonstrated (e.g., adversarial example attacks). Traditional attacks perform unstructured pixel-wise perturbation to fool the classifier. An alternative approach is to have perturbations in the latent space. However, such perturbations ar…
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48 results for “semantic manipulations”
Accurate estimation of the positions and shapes of microscale objects is crucial for automated imaging-guided manipulation using a non-contact technique such as optical tweezers. Perception methods that use traditional computer vision algorithms tend to fail when the manipulation environments are crowded. In this paper…
Interpreting the Latent Space of GANs via Correlation Analysis for Controllable Concept Manipulationcs.CV
Method interprets GAN latent space via latent variable correlation analysis.
problem Understanding the inner workings of GANs.
method Analyzing correlation between latent variables and semantic contents in generated images.
result A method for controllable semantic content generation in GANs.
The paper explores how AI systems use information geometry to encode semantic structure.
problem How AI systems encode semantic structure into geometric representation spaces.
method Focuses on softmax distributions and develops dual steering method for robust concept manipulation.
result Dual steering optimally modifies target concepts while minimizing off-target changes.
Defense against adversarial attacks by manipulating feature thickness.
problem Vulnerability of machine learning models to adversarial attacks.
method Feature Manipulation (FM)-Defense using a combo-variational autoencoder.
result Detection and purification of adversarial examples with high accuracy.
SOM-VQ tokenizes discrete models with semantic structure and navigable topology.
problem Lack of semantic structure in vector quantized representations limits interpretable human control.
method Combines vector quantization with Self-Organizing Maps to learn discrete codebooks with explicit topology.
result SOM-VQ produces more learnable token sequences and provides an explicit navigable geometry in code space.
Unsupervised method discovers interpretable directions in GAN latent space.
problem Discovering interpretable directions in GAN latent space without supervision.
method Model-agnostic procedure to identify directions corresponding to semantic manipulations.
result Findings include directions for background removal and competitive saliency detection performance.
New diffusion models improve counterfactual image generation with semantic control.
problem Challenges in preserving identity, maintaining quality, and ensuring causal model faithfulness in counterfactual image generation.
method Integrates semantic representations into diffusion models through Pearlian causality, introducing spatial, semantic, and dynamic abduction.
result Demonstrates high-level semantic identity preservation and principled trade-offs between faithful causal control and identity preservation.
We present a generative autoencoder that provides fast encoding, faithful reconstructions (eg. retaining the identity of a face), sharp generated/reconstructed samples in high resolutions, and a well-structured latent space that supports semantic manipulation of the inputs. There are no current autoencoder or GAN model…
Generic generation and manipulation of text is challenging and has limited success compared to recent deep generative modeling in visual domain. This paper aims at generating plausible natural language sentences, whose attributes are dynamically controlled by learning disentangled latent representations with designated…
Multi-Level Variational Autoencoder: Learning Disentangled Representations from Grouped Observationscs.LG
We would like to learn a representation of the data which decomposes an observation into factors of variation which we can independently control. Specifically, we want to use minimal supervision to learn a latent representation that reflects the semantics behind a specific grouping of the data, where within a group the…
We propose a novel approach for generating unrestricted adversarial examples by manipulating fine-grained aspects of image generation. Unlike existing unrestricted attacks that typically hand-craft geometric transformations, we learn stylistic and stochastic modifications leveraging state-of-the-art generative models. …
Exploiting Human Social Cognition for the Detection of Fake and Fraudulent Faces via Memory Networkscs.CV
Advances in computer vision have brought us to the point where we have the ability to synthesise realistic fake content. Such approaches are seen as a source of disinformation and mistrust, and pose serious concerns to governments around the world. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) demonstrate encouraging results wh…
We introduce an adversarial method for producing high-recall explanations of neural text classifier decisions. Building on an existing architecture for extractive explanations via hard attention, we add an adversarial layer which scans the residual of the attention for remaining predictive signal. Motivated by the impo…
Zero-shot contrastive loss improves text-guided image style transfer without extra training.
problem Stochastic nature of diffusion models leads to trade-offs between style transformation and content preservation.
method Proposes a zero-shot contrastive loss for diffusion models that doesn't require additional fine-tuning or auxiliary networks.
result Method outperforms existing methods while preserving content and requiring no additional training.
Prediction and interpolation for long-range video data involves the complex task of modeling motion trajectories for each visible object, occlusions and dis-occlusions, as well as appearance changes due to viewpoint and lighting. Optical flow based techniques generalize but are suitable only for short temporal ranges. …
We are concerned with the vulnerability of computer vision models to distributional shifts. We formulate a combinatorial optimization problem that allows evaluating the regions in the image space where a given model is more vulnerable, in terms of image transformations applied to the input, and face it with standard se…
RG-Flow: A hierarchical and explainable flow model based on renormalization group and sparse priorcs.LG
RG-Flow combines RG and sparse priors for hierarchical image disentanglement.
problem Disentangling and manipulating image representations at different scales.
method Hierarchical flow model using RG and sparse prior distributions.
result RG-Flow enables semantic manipulation and style mixing at different image scales.
Word embeddings, i.e., low-dimensional vector representations such as GloVe and SGNS, encode word "meaning" in the sense that distances between words' vectors correspond to their semantic proximity. This enables transfer learning of semantics for a variety of natural language processing tasks. Word embeddings are typic…
InvGAN combines generative and inference models for photo-realistic image manipulation.
problem GANs lack an inference model for image editing and downstream tasks.
method Train inference and generative models together to adapt and converge.
result InvGAN embeds real images into a high-quality generative model's latent space.
Paper proposes ManiF-SMC for effective approximate machine unlearning.
problem Limited unlearning effectiveness and potential to undermine original learning objectives.
method Reformulates approximate unlearning as pushing erased samples towards semantic neighbors in retained data, using a margin-based triplet loss.
result Achieves unlearning effectiveness comparable to state-of-the-art methods while operating purely in representation space.
AI learns market manipulation through simulation, suggesting regulation.
problem Regulating AI to prevent market manipulation.
method Used a genetic algorithm in an artificial market simulation.
result AI discovered market manipulation as an optimal strategy.
The paper analyzes how leverage affects manipulation in event-linked markets, offering new insights into regulation.
problem Manipulation and insider information in leveraged event-linked markets.
method Develops a two-axis manipulation taxonomy and analyzes leverage's effects on market-price and outcome manipulation.
result Leverage scales market-price manipulation linearly but shifts the cost-benefit threshold for outcome manipulation.
New model improves neural network robustness against input manipulations.
problem Improving neural network robustness against input manipulations.
method Causal view and deep causal manipulation augmented model (deep CAMA) with data augmentation and test-time fine-tuning.
result Deep CAMA shows superior robustness against unseen manipulations compared to traditional models.
This paper studies poisoning attacks in episodic RL and discovers their effectiveness depends on reward bounds.
problem Understanding security threats to RL algorithms through poisoning attacks.
method Examined two types of poisoning attacks: reward and action manipulation, in bounded and unbounded reward settings.
result The effectiveness of poisoning attacks depends on reward bounds, with different attack costs and success rates.
Manipulating video content is easier than ever. Due to the misuse potential of manipulated content, multiple detection techniques that analyze the pixel data from the videos have been proposed. However, clever manipulators should also carefully forge the metadata and auxiliary header information, which is harder to do …
Prediction is arguably one of the most basic functions of an intelligent system. In general, the problem of predicting events in the future or between two waypoints is exceedingly difficult. However, most phenomena naturally pass through relatively predictable bottlenecks---while we cannot predict the precise trajector…
In this work we propose a model that can manipulate individual visual attributes of objects in a real scene using examples of how respective attribute manipulations affect the output of a simulation. As an example, we train our model to manipulate the expression of a human face using nonphotorealistic 3D renders of a f…
Prediction markets can be manipulated by traders who can move contract settlements, harming price discovery.
problem Manipulation of settlement times in prediction markets leads to unfair wealth transfer and harms price discovery.
method Developed a model showing how settlement manipulation transfers wealth and harms price discovery, and observed real-world effects on Polymarket's Bitcoin contract.
result Manipulators capture significant profits from retail traders, especially when settlement times are short.
Hierarchical reinforcement learning has demonstrated significant success at solving difficult reinforcement learning (RL) tasks. Previous works have motivated the use of hierarchy by appealing to a number of intuitive benefits, including learning over temporally extended transitions, exploring over temporally extended …
DIGIT is a low-cost tactile sensor for in-hand manipulation.
problem Difficulty in sensing contact forces limits robotic manipulation.
method DIGIT miniaturizes and improves a vision-based tactile sensor.
result DIGIT enables better control of interactions with the environment.
Volunteer labor can temporarily yield lower benefits to charities than its costs. In such instances, organizations may wish to defer volunteer donations to a later date. Exploiting a discontinuity in blood donations' eligibility criteria, we show that deferring donors reduces their future volunteerism. In our setting, …
Manipulating data, such as weighting data examples or augmenting with new instances, has been increasingly used to improve model training. Previous work has studied various rule- or learning-based approaches designed for specific types of data manipulation. In this work, we propose a new method that supports learning d…
Paper presents a new port-Hamiltonian model for vehicle manipulators.
problem Complex mechanical systems' energy flow and conservation.
method Derives port-Hamiltonian dynamics from Hamiltonian reduction theory.
result Establishes mathematical equivalence with existing formulations.
Optimal benchmark design varies based on costs in financial manipulation.
problem Manipulation of price benchmarks in finance.
method Analyzes empirical pattern and cost structures to determine optimal benchmark design.
result The optimal benchmark depends on the relative sizes of fixed and variable costs.
Study examines reasons for Nutek India's share price drop.
problem Deep fall in Nutek India Limited's share price.
method Analyzed transactions and market forces to identify manipulation.
result Identified intentional interference in supply and demand.
New method uses statistical physics to detect financial market manipulation.
problem Detecting financial market manipulation activities like spoofing and layering.
method Modeling order book dynamics as particle motion and using momentum measure.
result Method outperforms conventional Z-score-based anomaly detection.
Learning Unfair Trading: a Market Manipulation Analysis From the Reinforcement Learning Perspectiveq-fin.TR
Market manipulation is a strategy used by traders to alter the price of financial securities. One type of manipulation is based on the process of buying or selling assets by using several trading strategies, among them spoofing is a popular strategy and is considered illegal by market regulators. Some promising tools h…
New foundation for Shapley value immune to coalitional manipulations.
problem Coalitional manipulations in game theory.
method Revised Shapley value criteria for coalitional games.
result Shapley value is immune to coalitional manipulations under new criteria.
Framework detects covert financial market manipulation using LOB representations.
problem Detecting covert financial market manipulation (spoofing) from complex anomaly patterns in multilevel prices.
method Cascaded contrastive representation learning of LOB data.
result Transformer-based architectures achieve state-of-the-art results in detection performance.
Study reveals widespread manipulation of meme coins, leading to significant economic losses.
problem Widespread manipulation of meme coins leading to economic losses.
method Cross-chain analysis of 34,988 tokens across Ethereum, BNB Smart Chain, Solana, and Base.
result 82.8% of high-return tokens show evidence of artificial growth strategies.
This paper focuses on an extension of the Limit Order Book (LOB) model with general shape introduced by Alfonsi, Fruth and Schied. Here, the additional feature allows a time-varying LOB depth. We solve the optimal execution problem in this framework for both discrete and continuous time strategies. This gives in partic…
A method for disentangling text representations without supervision.
problem Challenges in learning disentangled representations of natural language.
method Information-theoretic guidance to induce independent style and content embeddings.
result High quality disentangled representations in terms of content and style preservation.
A new method for robot manipulation tasks using imagined object goals.
problem Learning robot manipulation in sparse reward environments.
method Train objects to reach target positions, then use predictions to create a curriculum of tasks.
result Higher success rates in challenging learning scenarios compared to alternatives.
Learning Force Control for Contact-rich Manipulation Tasks with Rigid Position-controlled Robotscs.LG
This work tackles force control for contact-rich manipulation tasks with rigid robots using RL.
problem Challenges in working with real robotic hardware, especially position-controlled robots.
method Combines RL with traditional force control techniques, implementing parallel position/force control and admittance control.
result Validated methods on both simulation and real robot (UR3 e-series) for force control.
Manipulation is an important issue for both developed and emerging stock markets. For the study of manipulation, it is critical to analyze investor behavior in the stock market. In this paper, an analysis of the full transaction records of over a hundred stocks in a one-year period is conducted. For each stock, a tradi…
Study on costs of manipulating AMM-based price oracles.
problem Cost of manipulation in AMM-based on-chain price oracles.
method Analyzes the robustness of AMM-based oracles to strategic manipulation, considering different aggregation methods and market conditions.
result Manipulation costs depend on the total quote depth and can be minimized by optimal liquidity weights.
Many problems in image processing and computer vision (e.g. colorization, style transfer) can be posed as 'manipulating' an input image into a corresponding output image given a user-specified guiding signal. A holy-grail solution towards generic image manipulation should be able to efficiently alter an input image wit…