This paper investigates the relationship between a system of differential equations and the underlying geometry associated with it. The geometry of a surface determines shortest paths, or geodesics connecting nearby points, which are defined as the solutions to a pair of second-order differential equations: the Euler-L…
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48 results for “second order geometry”
The geometry of systems of third order differential equations induced by second order Lagrangiansmath.DG
A dynamical system on the total space of the fibre bundle of second order accelerations, , is defined as a third order vector field on , called semispray, which is mapped by the second order tangent structure into one of the Liouville vector field. For a regular Lagrangian of second order we prove that …
Develops second order infinitesimal structures on Teichmüller space.
problem Understand the infinitesimal structures of Teichmüller space.
method Formulated second order infinitesimal structures over Teichmüller space.
result Affirmative answers to two folklore problems on Teichmüller space.
In recent years, Streets and Tian introduced a series of curvature flows to study non-Kähler geometry. In this paper, we study how to construct second order curvature flows in a uniform way, under some natural assumptions which holds in Streets and Tian's works. As a result, by classifying the lower order tensors, we c…
Paper uses second-order differential geometry to study stochastic mechanics.
problem Stochastic differential equations and their symmetries.
method Develops second-order differential geometry to study symmetries of SDEs and constructs stochastic mechanics.
result Establishes stochastic Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics and their relations with HJB equations.
Study reveals geometric context of second-order superintegrable systems.
problem Understanding second-order superintegrable systems and their Weylian geometry.
method Re-examined second-order maximally conformally superintegrable Hamiltonian systems, revealing their Weyl structure.
result Extended conformal superintegrability to Weyl structures, interpreting systems as semi-Weyl structures.
We show that, for mechanical system with external forces, the equations of deviations of solution curves of the corresponding Lagrange equations,determine a nonlinear connection on the second order osculator (second order tangent) bundle. In particular, Jacobi equations in Finsler and Riemann spaces determine such a no…
These are lecture notes of the Summer school on the geometry of differential equations held in Nordfjordeid, Norway in 1996. They cover geometric structures related to scalar second order ODEs, the construction of the associated Cartan connection, techniques for computing invariants of differential equations starting f…
In this present paper, we study geometric structures of rank two prolongations of implicit second-order partial differential equations (PDEs) for two independent and one dependent variables and characterize the type of these PDEs by the topology of fibers of the rank two prolongations. Moreover, by using properties of …
New method defines symmetries for diffusion processes.
problem Symmetries of diffusion processes.
method Geometric reformulation of martingale problem on manifolds.
result Natural definition of Lie symmetries for diffusion processes.
We consider the geometry of second order linear operators acting on the commutative algebra of densities on a (super)manifold introduced in our previous work. In the conventional language, operators on the algebra of densities correspond to operator pencils. This algebra has a natural invariant scalar product. We consi…
We express the first jet bundle of curves in Euclidean space as homogeneous spaces associated to a Galilean-type group. Certain Cartan connections on a manifold with values in the Lie algebra of the Galilean group are characterized as geometries associated to systems of second order ordinary differential equations. We …
By using a certain second order differential equation, the notion of adapted coordinates on Finsler manifolds is defined and some classifications of complete Finsler manifolds are found. Some examples of Finsler metrics, with positive constant sectional curvature, not necessarily of Randers type nor projectively flat, …
The paper constructs new structures for manifolds using connections and combinations.
problem Understanding smooth manifolds with precise infinitesimal affine structures.
method Constructing new infinitesimal structures for higher-order neighbourhoods of the diagonal.
result Any symmetric affine connection on a manifold extends to a second-order infinitesimally affine structure.
Minimal surfaces in third-order ODEs identified for linear second-order ODEs.
problem Characterizing minimal surfaces in third-order ODEs.
method Analyzing submanifolds of third-order ODEs as Riemannian manifolds.
result Linear second-order ODEs with are the only minimal surfaces and totally geodesic.
In our previous works, we introduced, for each (super)manifold, a commutative algebra of densities. It is endowed with a natural invariant scalar product. In this paper, we study geometry of differential operators of second order on this algebra. In the more conventional language they correspond to certain operator pen…
We apply the Cartan equivalence method to the study of real analytic second order ODEs under the local real analytic diffeomorphism of $\C^2$ which are area-preserving. This enables us to give a characterization of the second order ODEs which are equivalent to under such transformations. Moreover w…
A new method for faster optimization on statistical manifolds.
problem Slow convergence of first-order methods in manifold optimization.
method Dual Riemannian Newton method on manifolds with dual connections.
result Local quadratic convergence of the dual Riemannian Newton method.
New insights into 3D PDEs via Einstein-Weyl geometry.
problem Understanding second-order PDEs in 3D with Einstein-Weyl conformal structure.
method Analyzing solutions of second-order dispersionless integrable PDEs in 3D, relating them to Einstein-Weyl geometry.
result The covector w can be expressed in terms of the equation for generic second-order PDEs, providing a dispersionless integrability test.
Geometrizes second order Lagrangians transformations.
problem No specific problem stated; focuses on geometrization.
method Building a proper Tulczyjew's triplet.
result Symplectic relation between Ostrogradsky-Legendre and Schmidt-Legendre transformations.
New optimality conditions for sub-Riemannian geodesics derived.
problem Optimality conditions for sub-Riemannian geodesics.
method Geometric translation and ODE derivation.
result New second-order necessary optimality conditions.
For the purpose of understanding second-order scalar PDEs and their hydrodynamic integrability, we introduce G-structures that are induced on hypersurfaces of the space of symmetric matrices (interpreted as the fiber of second-order jet space) and are defined by non-degenerate scalar second-order-only (Hessian) PDEs in…
Study shows Kähler-Einstein metric singularities linked to curvature.
problem Understanding singularities of Kähler-Einstein metrics.
method Relates singularities to holomorphic sectional curvature of conical geometry.
result Provides second-order estimates with explicit constants.
The paper explores parabolic regularity in geometric variational analysis.
problem Developing calculus rules and computation formulas for second-order generalized differential constructions.
method Introducing and applying the concept of parabolic regularity to geometric aspects of second-order variational analysis.
result Established new calculus rules and computation formulas for second-order generalized differential constructions.
This is an expanded version of a series of lectures delivered at the 25th Winter School ``Geometry and Physics'' in Srni. After a short introduction to Cartan geometries and parabolic geometries, we give a detailed description of the equivalence between parabolic geometries and underlying geometric structures. The seco…
Paper studies third order open mapping in sub-Riemannian geometry.
problem Analyzing third order open mapping in sub-Riemannian geometry.
method Third order open mapping results for maps from a Banach space into a finite dimensional manifold. Computing third order term in the Taylor expansion of the end-point map.
result Specialization of abstract theory to study length-minimality of sub-Riemannian strictly singular curves and third order analysis of specific extremal curves.
Study on Einstein deformations of negative Kähler Einstein metrics.
problem Understanding Einstein deformations of Kähler Einstein metrics.
method Relate second order Einstein deformation theory to complex geometry, gauge normalise, and use Taylor expansion.
result Taylor expansion to order two of an Einstein deformation is determined by and the divergence of the Kodaira-Spencer bracket.
Rectifiable varifolds with bounded curvature can be covered by smooth surfaces.
problem Understanding the structure of rectifiable varifolds with bounded curvature.
method Using curvature of arbitrary closed sets and viscosity solutions of PDEs.
result The support of rectifiable varifolds can be covered by smooth submanifolds.
Develops Weyl structures for path geometries, simplifying their study.
problem Complexity in studying path geometries using traditional differential geometry methods.
method Defines distinguished connections and Schouten tensor, proving their dependence on line bundle sections.
result Shows a smaller subclass of Weyl structures for path geometries, with interesting connections to BGG sequences.
On dual-projectively equivalent connections associated to second order superintegrable systemsmath.DG
New connections share geodesics with superintegrable systems.
problem Understanding geodesics in affine connections related to superintegrable systems.
method Analyzing dual-geodesics and comparing them across different connections.
result Certain torsion-free affine connections associated with second order superintegrable systems share the same dual-geodesics.
The paper explores the geometry of Lagrangian Grassmannians and their connection to PDEs.
problem Understanding the geometric properties of Lagrangian subspaces.
method Thorough review of geometric properties and their relation to PDEs.
result Hypersurfaces in the Lagrangian Grassmannian correspond to second-order PDEs.
New algebraic approach classifies conformally superintegrable systems in arbitrary dimensions.
problem Classifying conformally superintegrable systems in arbitrary dimensions.
method Algebraic geometric approach extended to conformally superintegrable systems.
result An algebraic equation governs the classification under conformal equivalence for a prolific class of second order conformally superintegrable systems.
This Ph.D. thesis is devoted to the constructions of Lagrangian formulation on Finsler and Kawaguchi manifolds. While Finsler geometry is a natural extension of Riemannian geometry, Kawaguchi geometry is the extension of Finsler geometry to higher order derivatives and to k-dimensional parameter space. The latter exten…
Study classifies parabolic equations using geometric invariants.
problem Classifying and understanding parabolic equations.
method Applied Cartan techniques to determine geometric invariants.
result Conservation laws for evolutionary parabolic equations depend on at most second derivatives.
The study extends Obata's theorem and classifies Finsler manifolds with transnormal functions.
problem Classifying Finsler manifolds based on geometric properties.
method Extending Obata's theorem and using a second order differential equation.
result Complete Finsler manifolds of positive constant flag curvature are homeomorphic to spheres.
New CRB derived for curved models using extrinsic geometry.
problem Estimate curved statistical families accurately.
method Vector generalization of CRB with curvature correction using SDP and SOS relaxations.
result Directional curvature correction provides more accurate estimation.
We address the problem of second order conformal deformation of spacelike surfaces in compactified Minkowski 4-space. We explain the construction of the exterior differential system of conformal deformations and discuss its general and singular solutions. In particular, we show that isothermic surfaces are singular sol…
This paper applies differential algebra to study equations in mathematical physics.
problem Equations in mathematical physics often involve derivatives of functions.
method Uses differential algebra, differential geometry, and algebraic analysis to study equations.
result Linearized second order Einstein equations cannot be parametrized.
Paper relates curvature ellipse and parabola of surface projections.
problem Relating local geometry of surfaces in different dimensions.
method Analyzes curvature ellipses and parabolas in and .
result Relates curvature geometry of surfaces to their projections.
Estimates for complex equations on manifolds derived from a conjecture.
problem Estimating solutions to complex equations on Hermitian manifolds.
method Developed second order estimates for fully nonlinear elliptic equations with gradient terms.
result Derived global estimates for an equation related to Gauduchon's conjecture.
Study Hamiltonian semisprays on Lie algebroids, extending Vaisman's work.
problem Existence of Hamiltonian semisprays on Lie algebroids.
method Symplectic geometry of Lie algebroid prolongation and cohomological analysis.
result Construction of a family of Poisson brackets leading to semisprays.
In the context of synthetic differential geometry, we study the Laplace operator an a Riemannian manifold. The main new aspect is a neighbourhood of the diagonal, smaller than the second neighbourhood usually required as support for second order differential operators. The new neighbourhood has the property that a func…
We provide five examples of conformal geometries which are naturally associated with ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The first example describes a one-to-one correspondence between the Wuenschmann class of 3rd order ODEs considered modulo contact transformations of variables and (local) 3-dimensional conformal …
We discuss in which sense general metric measure spaces possess a first order differential structure. Building on this, we then see that on spaces with Ricci curvature bounded from below a second order calculus can be developed, permitting to define Hessian, covariant/exterior derivatives and Ricci curvature.
New algebraic-geometric method classifies superintegrable systems in any dimension.
problem Classifying superintegrable systems in arbitrary dimensions is challenging.
method Algebraic-geometric approach based on quasi-projective varieties.
result Established foundations for classification in arbitrary dimensions.
Uniform first order interpretation of the second order theory of countable groups of homeomorphismsmath.GR
Uniform interpretation of group theory in manifold homeomorphisms.
problem Understanding group properties in manifold homeomorphisms.
method First order theory interpretation of second order group theory.
result Many group theory problems encoded in homeomorphism groups.
New geometric quantities help classify manifolds and relate to entropy.
problem Classifying Riemannian manifolds using geometric quantities.
method Introducing and analyzing asymptotic geometric quantities like p-capacity, eigenvalues, and Maz'ya constant.
result Geometric quantities coincide with entropy in specific conditions, characterizing manifolds.
Given a second order partial differential operator satisfying the strong Hörmander condition with corresponding heat semigroup , we give two different stochastic representations of for a bounded smooth function . We show that the first identity can be used to prove infinite lifetime of a diffusion …