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A locally-built, LLM-digested index of recent arXiv papers in quant finance, geometry/topology, and statistical ML — keyword search served straight from SQLite on this machine.

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48 results for risk-neutral measures

Framework for transitioning financial models from risk-neutral to real-world measure.

problem Transitioning financial models from risk-neutral to real-world measure to better reflect market dynamics and investor preferences.
method Leveraging probability theory, specifically Girsanov's theorem, to incorporate real-world dynamics into financial models.
result Validation of the robustness and practical relevance of the methodology through case studies involving financial forecasts and stress tests.

The paper proposes a new method to estimate interest rates consistently under both risk-neutral and real-world measures.

problem Consistent estimation of interest rates under both risk-neutral and real-world measures.
method Proposes a framework using progressive and square-integrable functions to specify the change of measure, and introduces two time-dependent candidates: step and linear functions.
result The proposed methods produce more stable and realistic long-term interest rate forecasts compared to using a constant function.

The risk-neutral option pricing method under GARCH intensity model is examined. The GARCH intensity model incorporates the characteristics of financial return series such as volatility clustering, leverage effect and conditional asymmetry. The GARCH intensity option pricing model has flexibility in changing the volatil…

2019-08-15abs ↗pdf ↗

Recently, Ross showed that it is possible to recover an objective measure from a risk-neutral measure. His model assumes that there is a finite-state Markov process X that drives the economy in discrete time. Many authors extended his model to a continuous-time setting with a Markov diffusion process X with state space…

2014-10-08abs ↗pdf ↗

Proposes a method to construct risk-neutral marginals from arbitrage-free option prices.

problem Lack of risk-neutral marginals that are free of arbitrage and easy to use.
method Explicit construction of risk-neutral marginals from discrete arbitrage-free option prices.
result Explicit construction guarantees risk-neutral marginals free of butterfly and calendar arbitrage.

Regulations impose idiosyncratic capital and funding costs for holding derivatives. Capital requirements are costly because derivatives desks are risky businesses; funding is costly in part because regulations increase the minimum funding tenor. Idiosyncratic costs mean no single measure makes derivatives martingales f…

2013-11-01abs ↗pdf ↗

Paper derives Thiele's equation for unit-linked policies in a stochastic volatility model.

problem Deriving pricing formula for unit-linked policies in a stochastic volatility model.
method Derives Thiele's differential equation for a unit-linked policy in the Heston-Hawkes model.
result Established a method to compute reserves in life insurance via solving Thiele's equation.

We investigate the existence of affine realizations for Lévy driven interest rate term structure models under the real-world probability measure, which so far has only been studied under an assumed risk-neutral probability measure. For models driven by Wiener processes, all results obtained under the risk-neutral appro…

2019-07-11abs ↗pdf ↗

In this work, we study the value of an Asian option in the case of exponential Levy markets. More specifically, we are interested in the NIG (normal inverse Gaussian) the VG (variance gamma) models. The exponential Levy models produce incomplete markets. There are therefore an infinite number of equivalent martingale m…

2017-06-05abs ↗pdf ↗

Quantum Portfolios of quantum algorithms encoded on qbits have recently been reported. In this paper a discussion of the continuous variables version of quantum portfolios is presented. A risk neutral valuation model for options dependent on the measured values of the observables, analogous to the traditional Black-Sch…

2010-04-02abs ↗pdf ↗

Online learning has traditionally focused on the expected rewards. In this paper, a risk-averse online learning problem under the performance measure of the mean-variance of the rewards is studied. Both the bandit and full information settings are considered. The performance of several existing policies is analyzed, an…

2018-07-24abs ↗pdf ↗

We develop a framework for interacting with uncertain environments in reinforcement learning (RL) by leveraging preferences in the form of utility functions. We claim that there is value in considering different risk measures during learning. In this framework, the preference for risk can be tuned by variation of the p…

2019-06-14abs ↗pdf ↗

Value adjustment of uncollateralized trades is determined within a risk-neutral pricing framework. When hedging such trades, investors cannot freely trade protection on their own name, thus facing an incomplete market. This fact is reflected in the non-uniqueness of the pricing measure, which is only constrained by the…

2014-09-22abs ↗pdf ↗

Method determines asset prices in incomplete markets to optimize portfolios.

problem Optimizing portfolios in incomplete markets with price constraints.
method Maximum entropy in the mean to adjust distortion function from bid-ask data.
result Prices of assets comply with portfolio optimization constraints.

This paper proposes a new geometric framework for asset pricing.

problem The asymmetry between risk-neutral and physical measures in asset pricing.
method Information geometry, focusing on the relativity of probabilistic reference frames.
result Unified explanation for price fluctuations, event-driven behavior, and risk premia.

Funding is a cost to trading desks that they see as an input. Current FVA-related literature reflects this by also taking funding costs as an input, usually constant, and always risk-neutral. However, this funding curve is the output from a Treasury point of view. Treasury must consider Regulatory-required liquidity bu…

2013-10-12abs ↗pdf ↗

The paper has 2 main goals: 1. We propose a variant of the CAPM based on coherent risk. 2. In addition to the real-world measure and the risk-neutral measure, we propose the third one: the extreme measure. The introduction of this measure provides a powerful tool for investigating the relation between the first two mea…

2006-05-02abs ↗pdf ↗

In a discrete-time financial market, a generalized duality is established for model-free superhedging, given marginal distributions of the underlying asset. Contrary to prior studies, we do not require contingent claims to be upper semicontinuous, allowing for upper semi-analytic ones. The generalized duality stipulate…

2019-09-13abs ↗pdf ↗

The paper models and prices cyber insurance risks, distinguishing idiosyncratic, systematic, and systemic risks.

problem Modeling and pricing cyber insurance policies, especially for systemic risks.
method Distinguishes three types of cyber risks and proposes methods for their valuation.
result Complex methods are needed for systemic cyber risks, including risk-neutral valuation and monetary risk measures.

The paper shows how to calculate risk-neutral default probabilities from bid and ask CDS quotes.

problem Calculating risk-neutral default probabilities from market quotes.
method Using conic finance framework and Poisson process to formulate and solve the calibration problem.
result A unique solution for risk-neutral default probabilities and implied liquidity.

The paper reviews historical and modern approaches to asset pricing probability measures.

problem Constructing or selecting probability measures for asset pricing.
method Historical review of various approaches including state price theory, martingale measures, and modern data-driven methods.
result Modern asset pricing involves constructing, transforming, or selecting probability measures to represent market prices.

The study analyzes the differences between physical and risk-neutral correlation estimates for equity baskets.

problem Analyzing the differences between physical and risk-neutral correlation estimates for equity baskets.
method Assumed equicorrelation, reduced dimensionality, approximated ICS from implied volatilities, analyzed dynamics using dynamic semiparametric factor model.
result Proposed profitability improvement schemes based on implied correlation forecasts.

Efficient RL in partially observable risk-sensitive environments with hindsight observations.

problem Risk-sensitive reinforcement learning in partially observable environments.
method Integrates hindsight observations into POMDP framework, develops novel RL algorithm.
result Achieves polynomial regret with provable efficiency, outperforming existing methods.

Generative model prices options and extracts risk-neutral densities.

problem Price options and extract risk-neutral densities from market data.
method Model log-returns as a generative model, using neural nets for location, scale, and higher-order moments, with stringent conditions to avoid arbitrage.
result The model efficiently generates samples to price options and accommodates diverse risk-neutral densities.

The purpose of this article is to describe all possible beliefs of market participants on objective measures under Markovian environments when a risk-neutral measure is given. To achieve this, we employ the Martin integral representation of Markovian pricing kernels. Then, we offer economic and financial implications o…

2015-04-01abs ↗pdf ↗