arXiv research

Proves prime theta-curves for knots on minimal genus surfaces.

Study theta-curves on torus in 3-sphere, classifying them.

We prove a folklore theorem of W. Thurston which provides necessary and sufficient conditions for primality of a certain class of theta-curves. Namely, a theta-curve in the 3-sphere with an unknotted constituent knot U is prime if and only if lifting the third arc of the theta-curve to the double branched cover over U …

New findings on prime theta-curves with simple tangles.

We establish an existence and uniqueness theorem for prime decompositions of theta-curves in $3$-manifolds.

Determinants of theta curves and symmetric graphs are studied.

The normalized Yamada polynomial is a polynomial invariant in variable A for theta-curves. In this work, we show that the coefficients of the power series obtained from this polynomial by the substitution A=e^x=1+x+x^2/2+x^3/6+... are finite-type invariants for theta-curves although the coefficients of original polynom…

A region crossing change at a region of a spatial-graph diagram is a transformation changing every crossing on the boundary of the region. In this paper, it is shown that every spatial graph consisting of theta-curves can be unknotted by region crossing changes.

We study the minimal crossing number $c(K_{1}\# K_{2})$ of composite knots $K_{1}\# K_{2}$, where $K_1$ and $K_2$ are prime, by relating it to the minimal crossing number of spatial graphs, in particular the $2n$-theta curve $θ_{K_{1},K_{2}}^n$ that results from tying $n$ of the edges of the planar embedding of the $2n…

In this paper, we study on knots and closed incompressible surfaces in the 3-sphere via Morse functions. We show that both of knots and closed incompressible surfaces can be isotoped into a "related Morse position" simultaneously. As an application, we have following results. *Smallness of Montesinos tangles with lengt…

Brunnian theta curves in 3D spheres have hyperbolic exteriors.

There are many studies about twisted Alexander invariants for knots and links, but calculations of twisted Alexander invariants for spatial graphs, handlebody-knots, and surface-links have not been demonstrated well. In this paper, we give some remarks to calculate the twisted Alexander ideals for spatial graphs, handl…

Study on knot properties, showing relation between unknotting and crossing numbers.

For a 3-dimensional manifold $M^3$, its complexity $c(M^3)$, introduced by S.Matveev, is the minimal number of vertices of an almost simple spine of $M^3$; in many cases it is equal to the minimal number of tetrahedra in a singular triangulation of $M^3$. An approach to estimating $c(M^3)$ from below for total spaces o…

The main purpose of this note is the study of the total space of a holomorphic Lie algebroid $E$. The paper is structured in three parts. In the first section we briefly introduce basic notions on holomorphic Lie algebroids. The local expressions are written and the complexified holomorphic bundle is introduced. The se…

Listed 19,513 prime knots with arc index 12-16.

Classifies doodles into prime and super prime types, describing them with doodle codes.

Homogeneous braids are visually prime, solving a Cromwell question.

Kirby and Lickorish showed that every knot in the 3-sphere is concordant to a prime knot, equivalently, every concordance class contains a prime knot. We prove here that their result can be strengthened: Every knot in the 3-sphere is invertibly concordant to a prime knot. A consequence is that every double concordance …

This is the first in a series of four papers wherein we enumerate all prime alternating knots and links. In this first paper, we introduce four operators on knots and show that, when used according to very simple rules on the prime alternating knots of n crossings, the set of all prime alternating knots of n+1 crossing…

This is the third paper in a series devoted to enumerating the prime alternating knots and links. This paper establishes a method for enumerating the prime alternating links. It is shown that one may choose any prime alternating link diagram of a given minimal crossing size and by applications of just two operators (T …

Computed the 4-genus for all 12-crossing prime knots.

It is known that the first two-variable Links--Gould quantum link invariant $LG\equiv LG^{2,1}$ is more powerful than the HOMFLYPT and Kauffman polynomials, in that it distinguishes all prime knots (including reflections) of up to 10 crossings. Here we report investigations which greatly expand the set of evaluations o…

We establish an algorithm which computes formulae for the CR GJMS operators, the $P^\prime$-operator, and the $Q^\prime$-curvature in terms of CR tractors. When applied to torsion-free pseudo-Einstein contact forms, this algorithm both gives an explicit factorisation of the CR GJMS operators and the $P^\prime$-operator…

Decomposing knots and links into tangles is a useful technique for understanding their properties. The notion of prime tangles was introduced by Kirby and Lickorish in [3]; Lickorish proved [5] that by summing prime tangles one obtains a prime link. In a similar spirit, summing two prime alternating tangles will produc…

Minimal grid diagrams for 12-crossing prime knots identified.

The paper generalizes CR invariants using renormalized characteristic forms.

Expanding on prime knots with 6 or less mosaic tiles, this paper analyzes those with 7 tiles.

We describe a method for generating minimal hard prime surface-link diagrams. We extend the known examples of minimal hard prime classical unknot and unlink diagrams up to three components and generate figures of all minimal hard prime surface-unknot and surface-unlink diagrams with prime base surface components up to …

New method proves topological Tverberg problem for all q, not just primes.

Upper bound on Jones polynomials density modulo primes.

Study of origamis' singularities for groups of prime-power order.

New invariant for prime alternating knots from error-correcting codes

We prove that a prime knot K is not determined by its p-fold cyclic branched cover for at most two odd primes p. Moreover, we show that for a given odd prime p, the p-fold cyclic branched cover of a prime knot K is the p-fold cyclic branched cover of at most one more knot K' non equivalent to K. To prove the main theor…

Computations for prime knots up to 11 crossings.

The $Q$-prime curvature is a local invariant of pseudo-Einstein contact forms on integrable strictly pseudoconvex CR manifolds. The transformation law of the $Q$-prime curvature under scaling is given in terms of a differential operator, called the $P$-prime operator, acting on the space of CR pluriharmonic functions. …

New tool lassos connects virtual and surface link diagrams, changing primeness rules.

The paper proves a generalized Kauffman-Harary conjecture for prime determinant links.

We show that the Frölicher spectral sequence of a complex parallelizable solvmanifold is degenerate at $E_{2}$-term. For a semi-direct product $G=\C^{n}\ltimes_φN$ of Lie-groups with lattice $Γ=Γ^{\prime}\ltimes Γ^{\prime\prime}$ such that $N$ is a nilpotent Lie-group with a left-invariant complex structure and $φ$ is …

Study L^2-Betti numbers in prime characteristic for a conjecture about 2-complex towers.

In this paper we find a unique normal form for the symplectic matrix representation of the conjugacy class of a prime order element of the mapping-class group. We find a set of generators for the fundamental group of a surface with a conformal automorphism of prime order which reflects the action the automorphism in an…

Menasco showed that a non-split, prime, alternating link that is not a 2-braid is hyperbolic in $S^3$. We prove a similar result for links in closed thickened surfaces $S \times I$. We define a link to be fully alternating if it has an alternating projection from $S\times I$ to $S$ where the interior of every complemen…

The paper finds at least four prime closed characteristics on star-shaped hypersurfaces in 8D space.

Study counts geodesics on hyperbolic 3-manifolds, proving prime theorems.

Decomposes string links in a surface into prime components.

We construct prime amphicheiral knots that have free period 2. This settles an open question raised by the second named author, who proved that amphicheiral hyperbolic knots cannot admit free periods and that prime amphicheiral knots cannot admit free periods of order >2.

Prime homology detects split links in prime characteristic.

pPCA speeds up PCA by priming initial estimates for faster, more accurate results.