arXiv research

The paper proves a generalized Kauffman-Harary conjecture for prime determinant links.

This article concerns exact results on the minimum number of colors of a Fox coloring over the integers modulo r, of a link with non-null determinant. Specifically, we prove that whenever the least prime divisor of the determinant of such a link and the modulus r is 2, 3, 5, or 7, then the minimum number of colors is 2…

In this article we present the following new fact for prime p=11. For knots 6_2 and 7_2, mincol_{11} 6_2 = 5 = mincol_{11} 7_2, along with the following feature. There is a pair of diagrams, one for 6_2 and the other one for 7_2, each of them admitting only non-trivial 11-colorings using 5 colors, but neither of them a…

For each prime p > 7 we obtain the expression for an upper bound on the minimum number of colors needed to non-trivially color T(2, p), the torus knots of type (2, p), modulo p. This expression is t + 2 l -1 where t and l are extracted from the prime p. It is obtained from iterating the so-called Teneva transformations…

The paper finds minimum Dehn colors for knots and defines useful graphs for coloring.

New rings reveal surprising prime colorings.

For each odd prime p, and for each non-split link admitting non-trivial p-colorings, we prove that the maximum number of Fox colors is p. We also prove that we can assemble a non-trivial p-coloring with any number of colors, from the minimum to the maximum number of colors. Furthermore, for any rational link, we prove …

We prove that if a link admits non-trivial (2k+1)-colorings, with prime 2k+1>7, it also admits non-trivial (2k+1)-colorings not involving colors 2k, 2k-1, nor k.

The paper constructs Goeritz matrices from Dehn colorings.

Study of quandle coloring quivers with dihedral quandles.

An algorithm determines knot colorability and determinants from petal projections.

This article is about applications of linear algebra to knot theory. For example, for odd prime p, there is a rule (given in the article) for coloring the arcs of a knot or link diagram from the residues mod p. This is a knot invariant in the sense that if a diagram of the knot under study admits such a coloring, then …

Dihedral linking invariant uses knot colorings to distinguish knots.

We prove the Kauffman-Harary Conjecture, posed in 1999: given a reduced, alternating diagram D of a knot with prime determinant p, every non-trivial Fox p-coloring of D will assign different colors to different arcs.

For any link and for any modulus $m$ we introduce an equivalence relation on the set of non-trivial m-colorings of the link (an m-coloring has values in Z/mZ). Given a diagram of the link, the equivalence class of a non-trivial m-coloring is formed by each assignment of colors to the arcs of the diagram that is obtaine…

We present a set of 26 finite quandles that distinguish (up to reversal and mirror image) by number of colorings, all of the 2977 prime oriented knots with up to 12 crossings. We also show that 1058 of these knots can be distinguished from their mirror images by the number of colorings by quandles from a certain set of…

We study the head and tail of the colored Jones polynomial while focusing mainly on alternating links. Various ways to compute the colored Jones polynomial for a given link give rise to combinatorial identities for those power series. We further show that the head and tail functions only depend on the reduced checkerbo…

In this paper we first investigate minimal sufficient sets of colors for p=11 and 13. For odd prime p and any p-colorable link L with non-zero determinant, we give alternative proofs of mincol_p L \geq 5 for p \geq 11 and mincol_p L \geq 6 for p \geq 17. We elaborate on equivalence classes of sets of distinct colors (o…

The Kauffman-Harary conjecture states that for any reduced alternating diagram K of a knot with a prime determinant p, every non-trivial Fox p-coloring of K assigns different colors to its arcs. We generalize the conjecture by stating it in terms of homology of the double cover of S^3 branched along a link. In this way…

The paper introduces two-tone colorings for links and shows conditions for surjective dihedral representations.

We explore a knot invariant derived from colorings of corresponding $1$-tangles with arbitrary connected quandles. When the quandle is an abelian extension of a certain type the invariant is equivalent to the quandle $2$-cocycle invariant. We construct many such abelian extensions using generalized Alexander quandles w…

New invariant for square-free integers derived from kei theory.

A link diagram is said to be lune-free if, when viewed as a 4-regular plane graph it does not have multiple edges between any pair of nodes. We prove that any colored link diagram is equivalent to a colored lune-free diagram with the same number of colors. Thus any colored link diagram with a minimum number of colors (…

Study volume conjecture for links with multiple hyperbolic pieces.

The pair (K,r) consisting of a knot K and a surjective map r from the knot group onto a dihedral group is said to be a p-colored knot. D. Moskovich conjectured that for any odd prime p there are exactly p equivalence classes of p-colored knots up to surgery along unknots in the kernel of the coloring. We show that ther…

The paper examines when 2-string tangles can be embedded into specific link types.

Researchers lift knot coloring polynomial to Habiro ring.

The paper connects ADO polynomials to Vassiliev invariants for knots.

We reveal an intimate connection between the quantum knot invariant for torus knot T(s,t) and the character of the minimal model M(s,t), where s and t are relatively prime integers. We show that Kashaev's invariant, i.e., the N-colored Jones polynomial at the N-th root of unity, coincides with the Eichler integral of t…

Let p be an odd prime and r be relatively prime to p. Let G be a finite p-group. Suppose an oriented 3-manifold M-tilde has a free G-action with orbit space M. We consider certain Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev SU(2) invariants w_r(M). We will give a fomula for w_r(M) in terms of the defect of M-tilde --> M and the number o…

The chromatic number of sphere graphs in 3-manifolds is bounded.

New algebraic structure for 2-string links and long knots.

We establish relationships between two classes of invariants of Legendrian knots in $\mathbb{R}^3$: Representation numbers of the Chekanov-Eliashberg DGA and satellite ruling polynomials. For positive permutation braids, $β\subset J^1S^1$, we give a precise formula in terms of representation numbers for the $m$-graded …

In 1999, Kauffman-Harary conjectured that every non-trivial Fox $p$-coloring of a reduced, alternating knot diagram with prime determinant $p$ is heterogeneous. Ten years later this conjecture was proved by W. Mattman and P. Solis. Mathew Williamson generalized this conjecture to alternating virtual knots and proved it…

New method uses quandle rings to distinguish knots and their mirrors.

Budney recently constructed an operad that encodes splicing of knots. He further showed that the space of (long) knots is generated over this operad by the space of torus knots and hyperbolic knots, thus generalizing the satellite decomposition of knots from isotopy classes to the level of the space of knots. Infection…

New quantum obstructions prevent purely cosmetic surgeries on knots.

We give constructions to realize an odd number, which is representable as sum of two squares, as determinant of an achiral knot, thus proving that these are exactly the numbers occurring as such determinants. Later we study which numbers occur as determinants of prime alternating achiral knots, and obtain a complete re…

We give a construction of quandle cocycles from group cocycles, especially, for any integer p \geq 3, quandle cocycles of the dihedral quandle R_p from group cocycles of the cyclic group Z/p. We will show that a group 3-cocycle of Z/p gives rise to a non-trivial quandle 3-cocycle of R_p. When p is an odd prime, since d…

The paper shows links can be colored with fewer colors than previously thought.

Study finds minimal coloring numbers for torus links using rack colorings.

For a link with zero determinants, a Z-coloring is defined as a generalization of Fox coloring. We call a link having a diagram which admits a non-trivial Z-coloring a Z-colorable link. The minimal coloring number of a Z-colorable link is the minimal number of colors for non-trivial Z-colorings on diagrams of the link.…

Study on knots using 17 colors, finding specific color assignments.

Proves prime theta-curves for knots on minimal genus surfaces.

It was shown that any $\mathbb{Z}$-colorable link has a diagram which admits a non-trivial $\mathbb{Z}$-coloring with at most four colors. In this paper, we consider minimal numbers of colors for non-trivial $\mathbb{Z}$-colorings on minimal diagrams of $\mathbb{Z}$-colorable links. We show, for any positive integer $N…

Decomposes prime alternating links into prime tangles.

Aicardi's invariant $F(L)$ is extended to colored singular links using graphical calculus.

The main purpose of this note is the study of the total space of a holomorphic Lie algebroid $E$. The paper is structured in three parts. In the first section we briefly introduce basic notions on holomorphic Lie algebroids. The local expressions are written and the complexified holomorphic bundle is introduced. The se…