Study shows how numerical discretization affects reconstructions and parameter distributions in nano metrology.
problem Impact of numerical discretization on parameter reconstructions and model parameter distributions.
method Bayesian target vector optimization, finite element model, Gaussian process, stochastic machine learning surrogate models, Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler.
result Numerical discretization parameters impact the accuracy and distribution of reconstructed model parameters.
We consider compressed sensing formulated as a minimization problem of nonconvex sparse penalties, Smoothly Clipped Absolute deviation (SCAD) and Minimax Concave Penalty (MCP). The nonconvexity of these penalties is controlled by nonconvexity parameters, and L1 penalty is contained as a limit with respect to these para…
Proposes a new method for efficient model reconstruction with uncertain parameters.
problem Reconstructing models with latent variables or parameters of unknown distribution.
method Local squared Wasserstein-2 (W_2) method.
result Efficiently reconstructs output distributions from observation data.
A new method reduces dimensionality for better likelihood-free parameter estimation.
problem Estimating parameters from data with no closed-form likelihood.
method Combines reconstruction map estimation with dimension-reduction techniques.
result The proposed method outperforms existing techniques in accuracy and efficiency.
Bayesian method improves parameter reconstruction from many measurements.
problem Efficiently reconstructing parameters from many experimental measurements.
method Bayesian target-vector optimization considering all model outputs.
result Outperforms established optimization methods in accuracy and efficiency.
This paper introduces an elasticity reconstruction method based on local displacement observations of elastic bodies. Sparse reconstruction theory is applied to formulate the underdetermined inverse problems of elasticity reconstruction including unobserved areas. An online local clustering scheme called a superelement…
Bayesian optimization speeds up parameter reconstruction in optical nano-metrology.
problem Efficiently reconstructing parameters from time-consuming measurements in optical nano-metrology.
method Combines Bayesian optimization and curve fitting for faster, more efficient model fitting.
result The presented Bayesian Target Vector Optimization scheme achieves similar reconstruction performance with fewer model function calls.
A neural network learns a convex regularizer for better image reconstruction.
problem Improving image reconstruction in inverse problems.
method Adversarial training of a data-adaptive ICNN as a convex regularizer.
result The convex regularizer leads to better convergence and error reduction in image reconstruction.
Neurally Augmented ALISTA improves sparse reconstruction performance.
problem Improving sparse reconstruction performance with theoretical guarantees and empirical improvements.
method Integrates an LSTM network to compute adaptive step sizes and thresholds for each target vector during reconstruction.
result Empirical performance is further improved, especially as compression ratios become more challenging.
Paper tackles model vulnerabilities by reconstructing training data.
problem Reconstructing training data from model parameters poses a security risk.
method Developed a mathematical framework and score matching method for both Bayesian and non-Bayesian models.
result First score matching framework for reconstructing data in Bayesian models.
Method reconstructs aneurysm growth history from patient parameters using physics-informed autoencoder.
problem Predicting arterial aneurysm rupture due to inaccessible growth time series.
method Physics-informed autoencoder combined with neural network for mapping patient parameters to aneurysm growth time history.
result Incorporating physical model constraints improves time series reconstruction, especially in noisy data.
We present a Bayesian method for feature selection in the presence of grouping information with sparsity on the between- and within group level. Instead of using a stochastic algorithm for parameter inference, we employ expectation propagation, which is a deterministic and fast algorithm. Available methods for feature …
Iterative thresholding algorithms are well-suited for high-dimensional problems in sparse recovery and compressive sensing. The performance of this class of algorithms depends heavily on the tuning of certain threshold parameters. In particular, both the final reconstruction error and the convergence rate of the algori…
Parametric images provide insight into the spatial distribution of physiological parameters, but they are often extremely noisy, due to low SNR of tomographic data. Direct estimation from projections allows accurate noise modeling, improving the results of post-reconstruction fitting. We propose a method, which we name…
Optimal defenses protect FL models from gradient reconstruction attacks.
problem Gradient reconstruction attacks compromise FL models by recovering original data from shared gradients.
method Derive a theoretical lower bound of reconstruction error, customize noise and pruning defenses, and achieve optimal trade-off between leakage and utility.
result Our methods outperform Gradient Noise and Pruning in protecting training data and maintaining model utility.
We present a new approach to 3D object representation where a neural network encodes the geometry of an object directly into the weights and biases of a second 'mapping' network. This mapping network can be used to reconstruct an object by applying its encoded transformation to points randomly sampled from a simple geo…
A new approach for blind channel equalization and decoding, variational inference, and variational autoencoders (VAEs) in particular, is introduced. We first consider the reconstruction of uncoded data symbols transmitted over a noisy linear intersymbol interference (ISI) channel, with an unknown impulse response, with…
This work improves understanding of neural network reconstruction attacks and distillation.
problem Understanding and mitigating reconstruction attacks on neural networks.
method Developed a stronger dataset reconstruction attack and studied its characteristics.
result Reconstruction attacks can recover entire training sets in the infinite width regime.
Spreading processes are often modelled as a stochastic dynamics occurring on top of a given network with edge weights corresponding to the transmission probabilities. Knowledge of veracious transmission probabilities is essential for prediction, optimization, and control of diffusion dynamics. Unfortunately, in most ca…
Paper reconstructs training data from a single gradient query.
problem Privacy threats in federated learning due to model gradients.
method Provable attack using tensor decomposition.
result Training samples can be fully reconstructed from a single gradient query.
The PC algorithm is a popular method for learning the structure of Gaussian Bayesian networks. It carries out statistical tests to determine absent edges in the network. It is hence governed by two parameters: (i) The type of test, and (ii) its significance level. These parameters are usually set to values recommended …
Bidirectional VAE reduces parameters and improves image tasks.
problem Improving image reconstruction, classification, interpolation, and generation.
method Uses a single neural network for both encoding and decoding in both forward and backward directions.
result Bidirectional VAEs reduce parameters by almost 50% and slightly outperform unidirectional VAEs.
Bayesian method predicts future network configurations from past snapshots.
problem Reconstructing evolving networks from partial observations.
method Bayesian approach using past network snapshots to inform future predictions.
result Method accurately predicts link probabilities and network structure.
New method reconstructs significant parts of training data from neural networks.
problem Understanding and reconstructing training data from neural networks.
method Proposes a novel reconstruction scheme based on recent theoretical results about neural network training.
result Shows that a significant fraction of training data can be reconstructed from neural network parameters.
We present a novel nonnegative tensor decomposition method, called Legendre decomposition, which factorizes an input tensor into a multiplicative combination of parameters. Thanks to the well-developed theory of information geometry, the reconstructed tensor is unique and always minimizes the KL divergence from an inpu…
This paper proposes a method to train multiple neural networks with shared parameters using a reconstruction loss.
problem Training multiple neural networks for correlated tasks separately is inefficient.
method Introduces a novel approach with a reconstruction loss to encourage shared features across multiple tasks.
result The proposed method achieves efficient transfer learning with competitive performance.
Compressive sensing (CS) has been studied and applied in structural health monitoring for wireless data acquisition and transmission, structural modal identification, and spare damage identification. The key issue in CS is finding the optimal solution for sparse optimization. In the past years, many algorithms have bee…
Noninvasive reconstruction of cardiac transmembrane potential (TMP) from surface electrocardiograms (ECG) involves an ill-posed inverse problem. Model-constrained regularization is powerful for incorporating rich physiological knowledge about spatiotemporal TMP dynamics. These models are controlled by high-dimensional …
We present a simple technique that allows capsule models to detect adversarial images. In addition to being trained to classify images, the capsule model is trained to reconstruct the images from the pose parameters and identity of the correct top-level capsule. Adversarial images do not look like a typical member of t…
Improved image reconstruction using VAEs with Student's t-prior.
problem Improving the robustness of VAEs in image reconstruction.
method Proposed a VAE with Student's t-distribution as prior, trained all distribution parameters.
result Better image reconstruction achieved with Student's t-prior compared to Gaussian priors.
Breast CT provides image volumes with isotropic resolution in high contrast, enabling detection of small calcification (down to a few hundred microns in size) and subtle density differences. Since breast is sensitive to x-ray radiation, dose reduction of breast CT is an important topic, and for this purpose, few-view s…
Convolutional neural networks were recently employed to fully reconstruct fluid simulation data from a set of reduced parameters. However, since (de-)convolutions traditionally trained with supervised L1-loss functions do not discriminate between low and high frequencies in the data, the error is not minimized efficien…
New connection found between shape reconstruction methods and persistent homology.
problem Connecting shape reconstruction methods with persistent homology.
method Wrap complexes and lexicographic optimal homologous cycles.
result Lexicographically optimal homologous cycles are supported on Wrap complexes.
A major challenge in X-ray computed tomography (CT) is reducing radiation dose while maintaining high quality of reconstructed images. To reduce the radiation dose, one can reduce the number of projection views (sparse-view CT); however, it becomes difficult to achieve high-quality image reconstruction as the number of…
We develop latent variable models for Bayesian learning based low-rank matrix completion and reconstruction from linear measurements. For under-determined systems, the developed methods are shown to reconstruct low-rank matrices when neither the rank nor the noise power is known a-priori. We derive relations between th…
The inverse Ising problem seeks to reconstruct the parameters of an Ising Hamiltonian on the basis of spin configurations sampled from the Boltzmann measure. Over the last decade, many applications of the inverse Ising problem have arisen, driven by the advent of large-scale data across different scientific disciplines…
In the classic sparsity-driven problems, the fundamental L-1 penalty method has been shown to have good performance in reconstructing signals for a wide range of problems. However this performance relies on a good choice of penalty weight which is often found from empirical experiments. We propose an algorithm called t…
New analysis shows reconstruction attacks are unreliable without prior data knowledge.
problem Privacy and security risks from neural network memorization of training data.
method Complementary analysis of reconstruction methods, proving their unreliability without prior data knowledge.
result Reconstruction attacks are fundamentally unreliable without prior data knowledge, and networks trained more extensively are less susceptible.
There is an increasingly apparent need for validating the classifications made by deep learning systems in safety-critical applications like autonomous vehicle systems. A number of recent papers have proposed methods for detecting anomalous image data that appear different from known inlier data samples, including reco…
Method estimates uncertainty in CT reconstructions.
problem Lack of accurate uncertainty estimates in deep-learning CT reconstructions.
method Linearised deep image prior with conjugate Gaussian-linear model error bars and Gaussian surrogate for TV regularisation.
result Method provides superior calibration of uncertainty estimates.
PINNs solve neuronal parameter and state estimation problems with limited data.
problem Estimating parameters and hidden state variables from noisy partial data in multiscale neuronal models.
method Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) for joint state and parameter estimation.
result PINNs deliver robust and accurate parameter inference and state reconstruction, even with limited data.
Face recognition systems are vulnerable to composite face reconstruction attacks.
problem Vulnerability of face recognition systems to composite face reconstruction attacks.
method Assumed attacker uses composite face parts to reconstruct faces faster and more efficiently.
result Current face recognition systems are extremely vulnerable to random search attacks.
Probabilistic Autoencoder learns latent space weights' distribution.
problem Nonlinear model reconstruction error and sample quality.
method Normalizing flow for latent space weights' probability distribution.
result PAE achieves small reconstruction errors, high sample quality, and good performance.
Lower bounds on query complexity for reconstructing private learner's training data.
problem Query complexity of reconstructing private learner's training data.
method Minimax analysis, Rényi DP, Metric DP framework.
result First known lower bounds on adversary's query complexity for various DP learners.
The reconstruction of an object's shape or surface from a set of 3D points plays an important role in medical image analysis, e.g. in anatomy reconstruction from tomographic measurements or in the process of aligning intra-operative navigation and preoperative planning data. In such scenarios, one usually has to deal w…
This research improves deep neural networks for parameter identification and prediction in stochastic Volterra integral equations.
problem Parameter identification and prediction in Volterra integral equations driven by Gaussian noise.
method Improved deep neural networks framework that incorporates inter-output relationships into the loss function.
result The framework enhances parameter estimation accuracy and provides accurate solutions for modeling stochastic systems.
This revisit gives a survey on the analytical methods for the inverse exponential Radon transform which has been investigated in the past three decades from both mathematical interests and medical applications such as nuclear medicine emission imaging. The derivation of the classical inversion formula is through the re…
The application of compressive sensing (CS) to structural health monitoring is an emerging research topic. The basic idea in CS is to use a specially-designed wireless sensor to sample signals that are sparse in some basis (e.g. wavelet basis) directly in a compressed form, and then to reconstruct (decompress) these si…