We discuss recently emerging applications of the state-of-art deep learning methods on optical microscopy and microscopic image reconstruction, which enable new transformations among different modes and modalities of microscopic imaging, driven entirely by image data. We believe that deep learning will fundamentally ch…
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48 results for “optical hardware”
Uncertainty-aware performance assessment of optical imaging modalities with invertible neural networksphysics.med-ph
Purpose: Optical imaging is evolving as a key technique for advanced sensing in the operating room. Recent research has shown that machine learning algorithms can be used to address the inverse problem of converting pixel-wise multispectral reflectance measurements to underlying tissue parameters, such as oxygenation. …
Randomized fiber projections enhance neural network accuracy.
problem Improving neural network performance with limited resources.
method Training neural networks on randomized speckled images from multi-mode fiber projectors.
result Classification accuracy is higher with randomized fiber data than with direct images.
Extends phase retrieval methods to handle sensing vector errors.
problem Phase retrieval with errors in sensing vectors.
method Total Least Squares (TLS) framework applied to gradient descent.
result Gradient descent can efficiently solve TLS phase retrieval.
LightOn OPUs accelerate randomized numerical linear algebra, reducing computational costs.
problem Computational bottleneck in randomization step for large-scale linear algebra.
method Near constant-time linear random projections from LightOn OPUs.
result Significant acceleration of RandNLA algorithms with negligible precision loss.
In this paper we tackle the problem of recovering the phase of complex linear measurements when only magnitude information is available and we control the input. We are motivated by the recent development of dedicated optics-based hardware for rapid random projections which leverages the propagation of light in random …
Despite significant advances in artificial intelligence (AI) for computer vision, its application in medical imaging has been limited by the burden and limits of expert-generated labels. We used images from optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), a relatively new imaging modality that measures perfusion of the…
Paper tackles noisy neural networks and proposes a method to enhance their robustness.
problem Noisy neural networks struggle with random continuous noise in weights.
method Knowledge distillation combined with noise injection during training.
result Models achieve up to twice greater noise tolerance.
Hybrid Amortized Inference improves PPG model interpretability.
problem Tension between PPG biomarker accuracy and clinical interpretability.
method Introduces PPGen for biophysical PPG signal-physiological parameter relation, and HAI for fast, robust estimation.
result Hybrid Amortized Inference accurately infers physiological parameters from PPG signals.
Multi-layer optical film has been found to afford important applications in optical communication, optical absorbers, optical filters, etc. Different algorithms of multi-layer optical film design has been developed, as simplex method, colony algorithm, genetic algorithm. These algorithms rapidly promote the design and …
Open problems in billiards and optics from a workshop.
problem Open problems in billiards and geometric optics.
method Collection of open problems from a workshop.
result No specific key result mentioned; collection of problems.
Complex optical vortex knotsmath.GT
New method generates optical vortices in any knot shape.
problem Generating optical vortices in complex shapes beyond simple knots.
method Mathematical construction and experimental verification.
result Complex optical fields can form any knot shape.
Optical flow refers to the visual motion observed between two consecutive images. Since the degree of freedom is typically much larger than the constraints imposed by the image observations, the straightforward formulation of optical flow as an inverse problem is ill-posed. Standard approaches to determine optical flow…
Method detects and locates eavesdropping in optical links.
problem Detect and locate eavesdropping in optical links with small power losses.
method Cluster-based approach using OPM data at receiver and in-line OPM data for localization.
result Subtle eavesdropping losses can be detected and localized using OPM data.
Optical Echo State Network Reservoir Computingphysics.optics
Optical ESNs enable flexible, efficient machine learning with reduced energy.
problem Implementing universal computational capabilities in machine learning.
method Optical implementation of ESNs leveraging stimulated Brillouin scattering.
result Efficient, scalable, and memory-capable optical reservoir computing.
Paper develops a deforestation detection system using optical and SAR data.
problem Detecting tree-loss in dense forests using satellite data.
method Combines optical and SAR data, uses KL expansion for anomaly detection, and Hidden Markov Model for classification.
result Hybrid method achieves high accuracy and robustness in sparse optical data.
Optical geometriesmath.DG
Study of optical geometries with intrinsic torsion in general relativity.
problem Understanding null line distributions and their properties in Lorentzian manifolds.
method Investigation of intrinsic torsion and congruences of null curves, extending to generalized optical geometries.
result Characterization of conformal properties of null line distributions and congruences.
Optical DNNet boosts accuracy with multiple frequency-channels.
problem Improving the accuracy of optical neural networks.
method Developed a novel optical diffractive deep neural network with multiple frequency-channels.
result Multiple frequency-channels significantly increase network accuracy.
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness all over the world, with approximately 60 million cases reported worldwide in 2010. If undiagnosed in time, glaucoma causes irreversible damage to the optic nerve leading to blindness. The optic nerve head examination, which involves measurement of cup-to-disc ratio, is…
We present a deep learning framework for wide-field, content-aware estimation of absorption and scattering coefficients of tissues, called Generative Adversarial Network Prediction of Optical Properties (GANPOP). Spatial frequency domain imaging is used to obtain ground-truth optical properties from in vivo human hands…
We describe two applications of machine learning in the context of IP/Optical networks. The first one allows agile management of resources at a core IP/Optical network by using machine learning for short-term and long-term prediction of traffic flows and joint global optimization of IP and optical layers using colorles…
Express Wavenet reduces neural network parameters to 1% of standard networks.
problem Optical neural networks with high parameter count.
method Wavelet modulation, random shift wavelets, expressway structure.
result Express Wavenet achieves high accuracy with significantly fewer parameters.
We consider the problem of detecting abrupt changes in the distribution of a multi-dimensional time series, with limited computing power and memory. In this paper, we propose a new, simple method for model-free online change-point detection that relies only on fast and light recursive statistics, inspired by the classi…
Quantum computing at room temperature achieves high accuracy in image classification.
problem Classifying images with single photons at room temperature.
method Optical transformation of quantum state to exploit interference and entanglement.
result Theoretical accuracy of 41.27% for MNIST and 36.14% for Fashion-MNIST.
Derives Levi-Civita connection formulas for specific geometries.
problem Determining geometric invariants of Lorentzian manifolds.
method Explicitly derives Christoffel symbols in terms of adapted frame fields.
result Formulas for geometric invariants of Lorentzian manifolds.
Machine Learning-Based Optimization of Chiral Photonic Nanostructures: Evolution- and Neural Network-Based Designphysics.optics
Designs chiral photonic structures using machine learning for efficient optical properties.
problem Optimizing chiral photonic nanostructures for light-matter interactions.
method Evolutionary algorithm and neural network approach for rapid optimization.
result Frequency-dependent modification in reflected light's degree of circular polarization.
New methods for constructing null fluid metrics and solving optical lift conjectures.
problem Constructing null fluid metrics and solving optical lift conjectures.
method Explicit parameterization of null fluid metrics under Kerr type optical structures.
result New explicit metrics, including Kerr black holes and Ricci flat examples.
Most cryptocurrencies rely on Proof-of-Work (PoW) "mining" for resistance to Sybil and double-spending attacks, as well as a mechanism for currency issuance. Hashcash PoW has successfully secured the Bitcoin network since its inception, however, as the network has expanded to take on additional value storage and transa…
Despite the advantages of all-weather and all-day high-resolution imaging, SAR remote sensing images are much less viewed and used by general people because human vision is not adapted to microwave scattering phenomenon. However, expert interpreters can be trained by compare side-by-side SAR and optical images to learn…
The works of William Rowan Hamilton in Geometrical Optics are presented, with emphasis on the Malus-Dupin theorem. According to that theorem, a family of light rays depending on two parameters can be focused to a single point by an optical instrument made of reflecting or refracting surfaces if and only if, before ente…
Paper proposes a graph model for optimal AP deployment in indoor optical wireless networks.
problem Challenges in deploying optical wireless networks due to LoS requirement and limited range.
method Graph modeling approach to identify minimum number of APs and their optimal locations.
result Optimal deployment of APs ensures connectivity and minimizes interference in indoor environments.
The paper constructs a generalized metrical multi-time Lagrange space, which allows a natural development of relativistic geometrical optics theories, in a general setting.
Lin et al. (Reports, 7 September 2018, p. 1004) reported a remarkable proposal that employs a passive, strictly linear optical setup to perform pattern classifications. But interpreting the multilayer diffractive setup as a deep neural network and advocating it as an all-optical deep learning framework are not well jus…
A neural network and evolutionary algorithm framework designs nonlinear optical molecules.
problem Designing efficient nonlinear optical materials.
method Multi-stage Bayesian neural network (msBNN) and corrected Lewis-mode group contribution method (cLGC) combined with evolutionary algorithm (EA).
result Accurately and efficiently designs molecules with different optical properties using a small data set.
Optical co-processor speeds up neural network training.
problem Expensive training costs for large neural networks.
method Direct feedback alignment, optical error projection.
result Optical co-processor trains neural networks for handwritten digit recognition.
Improved heart rate and activity recognition with low-power wrist sensors.
problem Challenges in battery life, cost, and sensor performance in wrist-worn sensing applications.
method Used photoplethysmography (PPG) for heart rate and activity recognition, applying transfer learning and CNNs.
result Low sampling frequencies (5 Hz and 10 Hz) achieved good performance in heart rate and activity recognition.
Making predictions of future frames is a critical challenge in autonomous driving research. Most of the existing methods for video prediction attempt to generate future frames in simple and fixed scenes. In this paper, we propose a novel and effective optical flow conditioned method for the task of video prediction wit…
Recent work by Jaffe and Scardicchio has expressed the optical approximation to the Casimir effect as a sum over geometric quantities. The first two authors have developed a technique which uses the complex geometry of the space of oriented affine lines in to describe reflection of rays off a surface. Thi…
Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is an optical amplifier/repeater device used to boost the intensity of optical signals being carried through a fiber optic communication system. A highly accurate EDFA model is important because of its crucial role in optical network management and optimization. The input channels of…
Reservoir computing is a neural network approach for processing time-dependent signals that has seen rapid development in recent years. Physical implementations of the technique using optical reservoirs have demonstrated remarkable accuracy and processing speed at benchmark tasks. However, these approaches require an e…
In general relativity, spatial light rays of static spherically symmetric spacetimes are geodesics of surfaces in Riemannian optical geometry. In this paper, we apply results on the isoperimetric problem to show that length-minimizing curves subject to an area constraint are circles, and discuss implications for the ph…
This work introduces benchmarks for evaluating nanophotonic structures in design simulations.
problem Design and understanding of nanophotonic structures for various applications.
method Development of frameworks and benchmarks for evaluating nanophotonic structures in parametric design problems.
result Strategic use of evaluation fidelity in enhancing structure designs.
Trajectories of light rays in a static spacetime are described by unparametrised geodesics of the Riemannian optical metric associated with the Lorentzian spacetime metric. We investigate the uniqueness of this structure and demonstrate that two different observers, moving relative to one another, who both see the univ…
DUPLE tackles cross-deployment recognition in fiber-optic perimeter security with meta-learning.
problem Cross-deployment recognition challenges in fiber-optic perimeter security due to label scarcity and distribution shifts.
method DUPLE employs statistically guided meta-learning to enhance recognition robustness across unseen deployments.
result DUPLE consistently outperforms traditional and meta-learning baselines in cross-deployment DFOS benchmarks.
A faster graph kernel using optical random features.
problem High computation cost of graphlet kernel due to isomorphism test.
method Kernel random features, optical random features, mean kernel metric.
result The proposed method is orders of magnitude faster with similar or better accuracy.
Diabetic Retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in the world. At least 90\% of new cases can be reduced with proper treatment and monitoring of the eyes. However, scanning the entire population of patients is a difficult endeavor. Computer-aided diagnosis tools in retinal image analysis can make the process scal…
Derives exact gradients for linear optics with single photons.
problem Gradient estimation for linear optics with single photons.
method Generalized parameter shift rule for linear optics.
result Derives analytical formula for gradients in linear optics.
Today's telecommunication networks have become sources of enormous amounts of widely heterogeneous data. This information can be retrieved from network traffic traces, network alarms, signal quality indicators, users' behavioral data, etc. Advanced mathematical tools are required to extract meaningful information from …