arXiv research

Origamis' orbits are non-planar except for a few specific cases.

We investigate the planarity of the boundaries of right-angled Coxeter groups. We show that non-planarity of the defining graph does not necessarily imply non-planarity of every boundary of the associated right-angled Coxeter group, although it does in many cases. Our techniques yield a characterization of the triangle…

Virtual knot theory is a generalization (discovered by the author in 1996) of knot theory to the study of all oriented Gauss codes. (Classical knot theory is a study of planar Gauss codes.) Graph theory studies non-planar graphs via graphical diagrams with virtual crossings. Virtual knot theory studies non-planar Gauss…

Study on planar graph braid groups' second homology.

Proves planar graphs' configuration spaces have highest topological complexity.

A ravel is a spatial graph which is non-planar but contains no non-trivial knots or links. We characterize when a Montesinos tangle can become a ravel as the result of vertex closure with and without replacing some number of crossings by vertices.

Defines complex for infinite-type surfaces with non-planar ends.

Given a hyperbolic surface, the set of all closed geodesics whose length is minimal form a graph on the surface, in fact a so-called fat graph, which we call the systolic graph. We study which fat graphs are systolic graphs for some surface (we call these admissible). There is a natural necessary condition on such grap…

New method for sensing non-planar surfaces using ERT.

We establish a quadratic identity for the Yamada polynomial of ribbon cubic graphs in 3-space, extending the Tutte golden identity for planar cubic graphs. An application is given to the structure of the flow polynomial of cubic graphs at zero. The golden identity for the flow polynomial is conjectured to characterize …

Proves existence of non-planar minimal disks in ellipsoids.

Study improves isoperimetric inequality for random groups.

Analytic non-planar $p$-elasticae are shown to be 3D.

Study constructs disks with curved boundaries in a 3D ball.

In the lorentzian product $\Bbb G^n\times\Bbb R_1,$ we give a comparison between the $f$-volume of an entire $f$-maximal graph and the $f$-volume of the hyperbolic $H_r^+$ under the assumption that the gradient of the function defining the graph is bounded away from 1. As a consequence, we obtain a Bernstein type theor…

Study infinite genus surfaces and Schottky groups for uniformization.

The paper classifies virtual knot polynomials and trivalent graph invariants using skein theory.

The study examines subgroups of RACGs and RAAGs, focusing on their RAAG properties.

(1) We show that if a presentation of the trivial group is "hard to trivialize", in the sense that lots of Tietze moves are necessary to transform it into the trivial presentation, then the associated presentation complex (which is a contractible 2-dimensional cell complex) is "hard to embed in $\mathbb{R}^3$", in the …

We investigate the line between tight and overtwisted for surgeries on fibred transverse knots in contact 3-manifolds. When the contact structure $ξ_K$ is supported by the fibred knot $K \subset M$, we obtain a characterisation of when negative surgeries result in a contact structure with non-vanishing Heegaard Floer c…

We compute the fundamental group of various spaces of Desargues configurations in complex projective spaces: planar and non-planar configurations, with a fixed center and also with an arbitrary center.

A relatively common sight in graphic designs is a planar arrangement of three gears in contact. However, since neighboring gears must rotate in opposite directions, none of the gears can move. We give a non-planar, and non-frozen, arrangement of three linked gears.

Method for generating new curves from plane curves on cylinders.

Study modular surfaces in Lorentz-Minkowski 3-space, classifying and analyzing their curvature and applications.

The aim of this paper is to use mapping class group relations to approach the `geography' problem for Stein fillings of a contact 3-manifold. In particular, we adapt a formula of Endo and Nagami so as to calculate the signature of such fillings as a sum of the signatures of basic relations in the monodromy of a related…

Total five different types of translation surfaces, based upon planarity of translating curves and the absolute figure, arise in a Galilean 3-space. Excepting the type in which both of translating curves are non-planar we obtain these surfaces with arbitrary constant Gaussian and mean curvature.

The study finds conditions for minimal spheres into ellipsoids using eigenfunctions.

We prove that if a contact 3-manifold admits an open book decomposition of genus 0, a certain intersection pattern cannot appear in the homology of any of its minimal symplectic fillings, and moreover, fillings cannot contain symplectic surfaces of positive genus. Applying these obstructions to canonical contact struct…

Canonical parametrisations of classical confocal coordinate systems are introduced and exploited to construct non-planar analogues of incircular (IC) nets on individual quadrics and systems of confocal quadrics. Intimate connections with classical deformations of quadrics which are isometric along asymptotic lines and …

We study global monotone solutions of the free boundary problem that arises from minimizing the energy functional $I(u) = \int |\nabla u|^2 + V(u)$, where $V(u)$ is the characteristic function of the interval $(-1,1)$. This functional is a close relative of the scalar Ginzburg-Landau functional $J(u) = \int |\nabla u|^…

In this paper we study general rotational surfaces in the 4- dimensional Euclidean space E4 and give a characterization of flat general rotation surface with pointwise 1-type Gauss map. Also, we show that a non-planar flat general rotation surface with pointwise 1-type Gauss map is a Lie group if and only if it is a Cl…

Consider a non-planar orientable minimal surface S in a slab which is possibly with genus or with more than two boundary components. We show that there exists a catenoidal waist W in the slab whose flux has the same vertical component as S such that Area(S)>= Area(W), provided the intersections of S with horizontal pla…

We prove that the distortion function of the Gauss map of a harmonic surface coincides with the distortion function of the surface. Consequently, Gauss map of a harmonic surface is ${\mathcal{K}}$ quasiregular if and only if the surface is ${\mathcal{K}}$ quasiregular, provided that the Gauss map is regular or what is …

Minimal spheres found in ellipsoids with large axes.

We obtain in arbitrary codimension a removability result on the order of singularity of Willmore surfaces realising the width of Willmore min-max problems on spheres. As a consequence, out of the twelve families of non-planar minimal surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^3$ of total curvature greater than $-12π$, only three of them …

Classifies critical complexes for embedding in 3-sphere.

Virtual knots are associated with knot diagrams, which are not obligatory planar. The recently suggested generalization from N=2 to arbitrary N of the Kauffman-Khovanov calculus of cycles in resolved diagrams can be straightforwardly applied to non-planar case. In simple examples we demonstrate that this construction p…

Origami graphs' Euler characteristics grow as origami complexity increases.

We obtain in arbitrary codimension a removability result on the order of singularity of weak limits and bubbles of Willmore immersions measured by the second residue. This permits to reduce significantly the number of possible bubbling scenarii. As a consequence, out of the twelve families of non-planar minimal surface…

We study the expectation value of a nonplanar Wilson graph operator in SL(2,C) Chern-Simons theory on $S^3$. In particular we analyze its asymptotic behaviour in the double-scaling limit in which both the representation labels and the Chern-Simons coupling are taken to be large, but with fixed ratio. When the Wilson gr…

Method constructs harmonic immersions in R^3 using Enneper-type representation.

Our main result is that for densities $<\frac{3}{10}$ a random group in the square model has the Haagerup property and is residually finite. Moreover, we generalize the Isoperimetric Inequality, to some class of non-planar diagrams and, using this, we introduce a system of modified hypergraphs providing the structure o…

Continuous epimorphisms between certain mapping class groups are induced by homeomorphisms.

New periodic solution found in 4-body problem, not part of expected geometrical family.

Solenoids are ``inverse limits'' of the circle, and the classical knot theory is the theory of tame embeddings of the circle into the 3-space. We give some general study, including certain classification results, of tame embeddings of solenoids into the 3-space as the ``inverse limits'' of the tame embeddings of the ci…

This is the second in a series of papers dedicated to studying w-knots, and more generally, w-knotted objects (w-braids, w-tangles, etc.). These are classes of knotted objects that are wider but weaker than their "usual" counterparts. To get (say) w-knots from usual knots (or u-knots), one has to allow non-planar "virt…

We discuss $SU(2)$ Bogomolny monopoles of arbitrary charge $k$ invariant under various symmetry groups. The analysis is largely in terms of the spectral curves, the rational maps, and the Nahm equations associated with monopoles. We consider monopoles invariant under inversion in a plane, monopoles with cyclic symmetry…

We consider two random group models: the hexagonal model and the square model, defined as the quotient of a free group by a random set of reduced words of length four and six respectively. Our first main result is that in this model there exists a sharp density threshold for Kazhdan's Property (T) and it equals 1/3. Ou…