Calculates the growth rate of m-small knots' tunnel numbers.
problem Measuring the asymptotic behavior of tunnel numbers.
method Defined and calculated growth rate of m-small knots' tunnel numbers.
result Growth rate of m-small knots' tunnel numbers in terms of bridge indices.
Let X be the exterior of connected sum of knots and Xi the exteriors of the individual knots. In \cite{morimoto1} Morimoto conjectured (originally for n=2) that g(X)<σi=1ng(Xi) if and only if there exists a so-called \em primitive meridian \em in the exterior of the connected sum of a proper subset of …
We prove that if K1⊂M1,...,Kn⊂Mn are m-small knots in closed orientable 3-manifolds then the Heegaard genus of $E(#_{i=1}^n K_i)$ is strictly less than the sum of the Heegaard genera of the E(Ki) (i=1,...,n) if and only if there exists a proper subset I of {1,...,n} so that $#_{i \in I}…
We introduce a new technique for finding lower bounds on the Heegaard genus of a 3-manifold obtained by gluing a pair of 3-manifolds together along an incompressible torus or annulus. We deduce a number of inequalities, including one which implies that $t(K_1# K_2)\geq \max {t(K_1),t(K_2)}$, where t(−) denotes tunnel…
The paper studies tunnel and bridge numbers of composite genus 2 spatial graphs.
problem Understanding the tunnel and bridge numbers of composite genus 2 spatial graphs.
method Analyzes connected sum and trivalent vertex sum operations on genus 2 spatial graphs, proving bounds for tunnel and bridge numbers.
result Sharp bounds for the tunnel number of composite genus 2 spatial graphs, including lower bounds for bridge numbers.
The study examines blow-up and global existence of solutions for porous medium equation on curved manifolds.
problem Analyzing blow-up and global existence of solutions for porous medium equation on negatively curved manifolds.
method Examined the porous medium equation with power-type reaction terms on negatively curved Riemannian manifolds.
result For p>m, small data give global solutions; for p<m, large data blow up in infinite time. This paper benchmarks CGAN for regression problems with small output spaces.
problem Regression problems with small dimensional output spaces.
method Conditional GAN (CGAN) for modeling uncertainty and missing input variables.
result CGANs perform better in terms of likelihood but are harder to train compared to existing methods.
Knot contact homology detects various types of knots.
problem Detecting specific types of knots using knot contact homology.
method Using properties of knot groups, we prove that knot contact homology detects torus knots and cables/composite knots.
result Knot contact homology detects torus knots and cables/composite knots.
Polynomially parametrize interesting knotted surfaces.
problem Constructing polynomial parametrizations of knotted surfaces.
method Develop polynomial parametrization methods for specific knotted surfaces.
result Examples of polynomial parametrizations for knotted spheres, tori, and planes.
New 2-knots found with same knot group but different quandles.
problem Identifying 2-knots with identical knot groups but distinct quandles.
method Analyzing knot quandles of twist spins.
result First example of 2-knots with same knot group but different quandles.
New knot quandles distinguish ribbon knots with isomorphic groups.
problem Distinguishing knots with isomorphic fundamental groups.
method Examined knot quandles of Suciu's ribbon knots and computed their types.
result Knot quandles of Suciu's ribbon knots are mutually non-isomorphic.
Knots formed from torus knots are not concordant to L-space knots.
problem Understanding concordance in knots formed from connected sums of torus knots.
method Analyzing properties of knots formed from connected sums of torus knots.
result Knots formed from torus knots are not concordant to L-space knots.
Proved colored HOMFLY-PT polynomials for specific knots.
problem Calculating colored HOMFLY-PT polynomials for specific knots.
method Rigorous mathematical proof for trefoil, figure-eight, and twist knots.
result Colored HOMFLY-PT polynomials expressed as sums for different knots.
Study shows differences of torus knots do not form L-space knots.
problem Understanding concordance of knots and their relation to L-space knots. method Examined differences of torus knots and their concordance properties.
result Subgroups generated by two positive torus knots contain no nontrivial L-space knots. Study disproves conjecture about knot approximations.
problem Conjecture about knot approximations was disproved.
method Examined various knot types to find counterexamples.
result Found knots where quadrisecant approximations have different types.
The paper explores non-trivial welded knots and ribbon torus-knots, proving their existence.
problem Proving the non-triviality of welded knots and ribbon torus-knots.
method By generating examples and determining the fundamental group of the concerned welded knot.
result Non-triviality of welded knots and ribbon torus-knots is demonstrated.
Maps knots to 2-knots, extending braid theory.
problem No specific problem stated; maps knots to 2-knots.
method Constructs a map from knots to 2-knots, extending braid theory.
result Maps knots to 2-knots, extending braid theory.
We study Legendrian knots in a cabled knot type. Specifically, given a topological knot type K, we analyze the Legendrian knots in knot types obtained from K by cabling, in terms of Legendrian knots in the knot type K. As a corollary of this analysis, we show that the (2,3)-cable of the (2,3)-torus knot is not transver…
Knots can be transformed into Fourier knots using Lissajous knots.
problem Representing knots using Fourier series.
method Deformation of Lissajous knots to Fourier knots.
result Any knot is isotopic to a Fourier knot of type (1,1,2).
Study concordance of alternating torus knots to L-space knots.
problem When are linear combinations of alternating torus knots concordant to L-space knots?
method Proved Allen's conjecture for alternating torus knots and established a necessary condition.
result Linear combinations of alternating torus knots are concordant to L-space knots if and only if they are a single torus knot.
The paper classifies a special family of knots in lens spaces using knot Floer homology.
problem Classifying constrained knots in lens spaces.
method Parameterization by five integers, characterization via spinc structures, and knot Floer homology calculations. result Complete classification of constrained knots based on knot Floer homology.
The paper identifies minimal two-bridge knots with specific conditions.
problem Determining minimal two-bridge knots under certain conditions.
method Analyzing knot groups and epimorphisms.
result Identifies minimal two-bridge knots for specific values of p and q. This paper studies how knots combine using Alexander Polynomials.
problem How knots combine and their determinants behave.
method Basic knot theory, Alexander Polynomials, and composition techniques.
result Generalized solution for knot determinants in compositions.
The study confirms conjectures about slopes of knots using knot Floer homology.
problem Verifying conjectures about non-integer characterizing slopes of knots.
method Using knot Floer homology, the study verifies conjectures for specific classes of knots.
result Almost all slopes are characterizing for many knots, and infinitely many for L-space knots. Defines slice depth for 2-knots and sets upper bounds for specific knots.
problem Determining the minimum dimension for a 2-knot to be slice.
method Introduces slice depth, defines it for 2-knots, and provides upper bounds for specific knot types.
result Upper bounds for slice depth of certain 2-knots.
Study shows fibered knots' quandles have consistent structure.
problem Understanding the structure of fibered knots through their quandles.
method Analyzes the fiber bundle structure of fibered knots and applies it to their quandles.
result Finiteness and equivalence of knot quandles of fibered knots are discussed.
New diagonal knots found with non-torus structure.
problem Identifying knots with diagonal grid diagrams.
method Analysis of knots represented by diagonal grid diagrams.
result All diagonal knots are positive, and a new non-torus example is found.
Classical knots embed into virtual knots' concordance group.
problem Understanding concordance of virtual knots.
method Proved equivalence between classical and virtual sliceness.
result Embedding of classical knots' concordance group into virtual knots.
Characterizes almost alternating knots from generalizations of alternating knots.
problem Characterizing almost alternating knots.
method Topological characterization based on generalizations of alternating knots.
result A topological characterization of almost alternating knots.
New hyperbolic knots not concordant to algebraic ones found.
problem Identifying knots not concordant to algebraic knots.
method Constructing hyperbolic L-space knots.
result Found hyperbolic knots that are not concordant to algebraic knots.
Formula for Alexander polynomial of twisted torus knots derived.
problem Calculating Alexander polynomial for a specific class of knots.
method Knot group presentation combined with Fox's calculus.
result Explicit formula for Alexander polynomial of twisted torus knots.
Knot modules are linked to ribbon 2-knots with geometric constraints.
problem Characterizing knot modules of ribbon 2-knots.
method Showing every Z-torsion free knot module can be realized by a ribbon 2-knot with specific geometric properties. result Knot modules of ribbon 2-knots have geometric constraints with group of geometric dimension at most 2.
Formula for Alexander polynomials of simple-ribbon knots derived.
problem Determining Alexander polynomials for simple-ribbon knots.
method Introduced simple-ribbon fusions and used them to derive a formula for Alexander polynomials.
result Formula for Alexander polynomials of simple-ribbon knots derived.
The paper conjectures Khovanov homology can distinguish torus and twist knots.
problem Detecting and distinguishing knots using Khovanov homology.
method Examining all prime knots with up to 20 crossings, conjecturing Legendrian simplicity.
result Numerical evidence supports Khovanov homology distinguishing torus and twist knots.
Study reveals weak knotting in confined polymers, not dominated by any single knot type.
problem Characterizing knotting in open, confined polymers.
method Modeling open curves as virtual knots, comparing lattice walks and ideal chains in confined and unconfined conditions.
result Weak knotting is a common feature in confined polymers, not dominated by any single knot type.
Expanded Legendrian knot atlas for 10-arc index knots.
problem Lack of Legendrian knot data for knots with high arc index.
method Created an atlas of Legendrian knots up to arc index 10.
result Legendrian knots of arc index 10 have been cataloged.
Study grid homology of diagonal knots, finding key terms related to prime factors and decompositions.
problem Determine grid homology of diagonal knots and compare them to other knot types.
method Use grid diagrams and combinatorial knot Floer homology to analyze diagonal knots.
result Grid homology detects the number of prime factors and decompositions of the knot into non-integer tangles.
Two complete knot invariants from diagrams, finite or infinite.
problem Classifying knots completely.
method Constructed two invariants from knot diagrams, finite or infinite.
result Finite set reveals knotting number.
New spectral sequences define knot invariants.
problem Understanding strongly invertible knots.
method Two spectral sequences in knot Floer homology.
result Numerical invariant defined for strongly invertible knots.
Researchers tabulate mosaic numbers of prime knots up to eight crossings.
problem Tabulating mosaic numbers for prime knots up to eight crossings.
method Using the knot mosaic system introduced by Lomonaco and Kauffman, they determined mosaic numbers for all eight-crossing or fewer prime knots.
result Determined mosaic numbers for all eight-crossing or fewer prime knots.
Knot concordance linked to involutive knot Floer homology equivalence.
problem Understanding knot concordance through algebraic topology.
method Involutive knot Floer homology and stable equivalence.
result Concordant knots have equivalent involutive knot Floer complexes.
Polynomially parameterizes knots and spheres, proving analogous results.
problem Parameterizing knots and spheres using polynomials.
method Analogous to classical knots, parameterized long 2-knots and certain classes of knotted spheres.
result Polynomial parameterizations for knotted spheres constructed.
New infinite families of twisted torus knots found.
problem Identifying new types of twisted torus knots.
method Finding new infinite families of twisted torus knots with a single negative twist.
result Eight new infinite families of twisted torus knots are discovered.
New knot concept extends welded knots, simplifying classification.
problem Classifying welded knots and their complements.
method Introducing 'wen knots', proving subset relationships, characterizing complements.
result Extended welded knots can be fully characterized by the parity of wens.
Study on random knot diagrams and their probability of forming specific knots.
problem Understanding the probability of forming specific knots from random knot diagrams.
method Analyzing free knot diagrams without over/under information and proving trefoil formation; making conjectures about unknot and trefoil probabilities.
result Every free knot diagram produces trefoil knots, and certain families of diagrams are completely worked out.
Every shadow can be a knot or a connected sum of trefoils.
problem Understanding the structure of shadows and their relation to knots.
method Analyzing reduced shadows and their relationship to specific knots.
result Every shadow corresponds to a torus knot, twist knot, or connected sum of trefoils.
We define cylinder knots as billiard knots in a cylinder. We present a necessary condition for cylinder knots: after dividing cylinder knots by possible rotational symmetries we obtain ribbon knots. We obtain an upper bound for the number of cylinder knots with two fixed parameters (out of three). In addition we prove …
Two-bridge ribbon knots have symmetric union presentations.
problem Characterizing two-bridge ribbon knots.
method Symmetric union presentations and partial knot analysis.
result Symmetric union presentations for various two-bridge ribbon knots.