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arXiv research

A locally-built, LLM-digested index of recent arXiv papers in quant finance, geometry/topology, and statistical ML — keyword search served straight from SQLite on this machine.

168,932 papers · 148 categories

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48 results for long-run risk

Paper studies long-run risk optimization with dyadic impulses for unbounded processes.

problem Long-run risk optimization problem with unbounded and non-uniformly ergodic processes.
method Adapting weight norm approach, combining geometric drift and local minorization property.
result Existence of solution to Bellman equation for risk-averse parameters.

This paper develops a method to derive optimal portfolios and risk premia explicitly in a general diffusion model for an investor with power utility and a long horizon. The market has several risky assets and is potentially incomplete. Investment opportunities are driven by, and partially correlated with, state variabl…

2012-03-07abs ↗pdf ↗

In the paper portfolio optimization over long run risk sensitive criterion is considered. It is assumed that economic factors which stimulate asset prices are ergodic but non necessarily uniformly ergodic. Solution to suitable Bellman equation using local span contraction with weighted norms is shown. The form of optim…

2015-08-22abs ↗pdf ↗

Study examines how risk tolerance impacts long-term investment returns.

problem Understanding the impact of risk tolerance on investment returns over time.
method Used Malliavin calculus and Hansen--Scheinkman decomposition.
result Risk aversion affects long-term investment utility through eigenvalues and eigenfunctions.

This article examines arbitrage investment in a mispriced asset when the mispricing follows the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process and a credit-constrained investor maximizes a generalization of the Kelly criterion. The optimal differentiable and threshold policies are derived. The optimal differentiable policy is linear with …

2003-02-10abs ↗pdf ↗

We study the market selection hypothesis in complete financial markets, populated by heterogeneous agents. We allow for a rich structure of heterogeneity: individuals may differ in their beliefs concerning the economy, information and learning mechanism, risk aversion, impatience and 'catching up with Joneses' preferen…

2011-06-15abs ↗pdf ↗

Extended model ensures long-term survival of traders in limited stock market participation.

problem Limited stock market participation and survival of traders over long periods.
method Extended Basak and Cuoco (1998) model with different time-preference coefficients.
result Parameter restrictions ensure long-term survival of traders.

This paper deals with discrete-time Markov control processes on a general state space. A long-run risk-sensitive average cost criterion is used as a performance measure. The one-step cost function is nonnegative and possibly unbounded. Using the vanishing discount factor approach, the optimality inequality and an optim…

2007-04-03abs ↗pdf ↗

We consider the maximum likelihood (Viterbi) alignment of a hidden Markov model (HMM). In an HMM, the underlying Markov chain is usually hidden and the Viterbi alignment is often used as the estimate of it. This approach will be referred to as the Viterbi segmentation. The goodness of the Viterbi segmentation can be me…

2010-02-18abs ↗pdf ↗

This work tackles risk-sensitive deep RL by optimizing policies with variance constraints.

problem Risk and aleatoric uncertainty in deep reinforcement learning.
method Lagrangian and Fenchel dualities to transform the problem into an unconstrained saddle-point policy optimization problem, and an actor-critic algorithm to iteratively update policy, Lagrange multiplier, and Fenchel dual variable.
result The proposed actor-critic algorithm finds a globally optimal policy at a sublinear rate.

This study examines the interaction between CDS and stock indices, revealing significant short and long-term impacts.

problem Understanding the interaction between Credit Default Swaps (CDS) and national stock indices.
method ARDL technique applied to analyze short and long-run interactions between BIST-100 index and CDS prices over a specific period.
result The study finds that changes in CDS and BIST-100 index prices have significant impacts on each other, with long-term effects being more pronounced.

CSA fills a gap in RLVR-trained LLM deployment by providing anytime-valid selective risk control.

problem Deployment of RLVR-trained LLMs in regulated organizations requires a safety certificate for every round without waiting for long-run averages.
method CSA uses a (test statistic, validity guarantee, deployment rule) framework to fill the gap, maintaining a Ville-type e-process per threshold on a Bonferroni grid.
result CSA provides the first anytime-valid selective risk control for RLVR-trained LLMs, matching the long-run average certification rate and satisfying pathwise validity and non-refusing deployment on every cell.

This paper uses SDEs to analyze GANs training and long-run behavior.

problem Understanding the training process and long-run behavior of GANs.
method Established SDE approximations for GANs training and analyzed long-run behavior via invariant measures.
result The long-run behavior of GANs training can be studied via the invariant measures of its SDE approximations.

Extends Kyle model to multiple traders with different time-preference coefficients.

problem Existence and convergence of discrete-time Kyle models with multiple insiders.
method Extends Basak and Cuoco's model to include traders with different time-preference coefficients.
result Parameter restrictions ensure the existence of a Radner equilibrium and long-term survival of traders.

The study examines pricing American options with both exogenous and endogenous transaction costs.

problem Pricing American options with transaction costs and liquidity risks.
method Modeling liquidity risks as a mean-reverting process and transaction costs as proportional to trading amount. Two nonlinear PDEs are used to characterize option values. Numerical solution via ADI method and model calibration using maximum likelihood estimation.
result The model incorporating liquidity risks significantly outperforms the Leland model.

Trading styles affect long-run variance of asset prices, increasing under trend-following and decreasing under mean-reverting.

problem Understanding how different trading styles impact the long-run variance of asset prices.
method Probabilistic models designed to capture the direction of trading were used.
result Trading styles increase long-run variance under trend-following and decrease it under mean-reverting conditions.

We propose a new class of mappings, called Dynamic Limit Growth Indices, that are designed to measure the long-run performance of a financial portfolio in discrete time setup. We study various important properties for this new class of measures, and in particular, we provide necessary and sufficient condition for a Dyn…

2013-12-04abs ↗pdf ↗

When the planning horizon is long, and the safe asset grows indefinitely, isoelastic portfolios are nearly optimal for investors who are close to isoelastic for high wealth, and not too risk averse for low wealth. We prove this result in a general arbitrage-free, frictionless, semimartingale model. As a consequence, op…

2013-06-12abs ↗pdf ↗

The objective in a traditional reinforcement learning (RL) problem is to find a policy that optimizes the expected value of a performance metric such as the infinite-horizon cumulative discounted or long-run average cost/reward. In practice, optimizing the expected value alone may not be satisfactory, in that it may be…

2018-10-22abs ↗pdf ↗

The article constructs a forward utility for markets with multiple default risks.

problem Characterizing forward performance processes in a market with multiple default risks.
method Using Jacod-Pham decomposition and recursive BSDEs, the article constructs a forward utility and proves its existence and uniqueness.
result The article identifies the risk-sensitive long-run growth rate of the optimal wealth process in a stochastic factor model with ergodic dynamics.

The study identifies key factors affecting cryptocurrency prices, including market beta, trading volume, and volatility.

problem Understanding the factors influencing cryptocurrency prices and their dynamics over time.
method ARDL technique and error-correction models applied to weekly data of Bitcoin, Ethereum, Dash, Litecoin, and Monero from 2010-2018.
result Cryptomarket-related factors are significant determinants of cryptocurrency prices in both short- and long-run, while attractiveness matters only in the long-run.

The paper analyzes how SGD visits different regions of a non-convex problem's state space.

problem Understanding the long-run distribution of stochastic gradient descent in non-convex problems.
method Large deviations theory and randomly perturbed dynamical systems.
result The long-run distribution of SGD resembles the Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution with temperature equal to the step-size.

Real-world applications require RL algorithms to act safely. During learning process, it is likely that the agent executes sub-optimal actions that may lead to unsafe/poor states of the system. Exploration is particularly brittle in high-dimensional state/action space due to increased number of low-performing actions. …

2019-02-23abs ↗pdf ↗

Stochastic defense improves natural classifiers against adversarial attacks.

problem Vulnerability of deep networks to adversarial attacks.
method Long-run MCMC sampling with Energy-Based Model for adversarial purification.
result Balancing memoryless and metastable behavior leads to effective purification and robust classification.

We study the continuous time portfolio optimization model on the market where the mean returns of individual securities or asset categories are linearly dependent on underlying economic factors. We introduce the functional QγQ_γ featuring the expected earnings yield of portfolio minus a penalty term proportional with a…

2015-01-25abs ↗pdf ↗

LLMs struggle to outperform markets over long periods and diverse stocks.

problem Overstated effectiveness of LLM-based investing strategies due to biases.
method FINSABER framework for systematic backtests over two decades and 100+ symbols.
result Previously reported LLM advantages deteriorate significantly under broader evaluation.

The paper analyzes how sensitive long-term utility of optimal portfolios is to changes in market models.

problem Sensitivity of long-term expected utility of optimal portfolios to market model changes.
method Analyzes utility maximization problem with long-time horizon under incomplete market given by a factor model, focusing on eigenpairs of operators.
result Eigenpairs determine long-term sensitivity of optimal expected utility to market model changes.

We uncover a large and significant low-minus-high rank effect for commodities across two centuries. There is nothing anomalous about this anomaly, nor is it clear how it can be arbitraged away. Using nonparametric econometric methods, we demonstrate that such a rank effect is a necessary consequence of a stationary rel…

2016-07-26abs ↗pdf ↗

The paper examines how insurers manage risks and liquidity in a dynamic market.

problem Model uncertainty in insurance pricing and competitive equilibrium.
method Analyzes insurers' robustness preferences and optimization strategies for underwriting and liquidity management.
result Robust insurance pricing leads to higher premiums and equity valuations compared to a benchmark.

A Bayesian agent learns about the structure of a stationary process from ob- serving past outcomes. We prove that his predictions about the near future become ap- proximately those he would have made if he knew the long run empirical frequencies of the process.

2014-06-25abs ↗pdf ↗

For environmental problems such as global warming future costs must be balanced against present costs. This is traditionally done using an exponential function with a constant discount rate, which reduces the present value of future costs. The result is highly sensitive to the choice of discount rate and has generated …

2013-11-16abs ↗pdf ↗

The paper aims to explore the impacts of bi-demographic structure on the current account and growth. Using a SVAR modeling, we track the dynamic impacts between these underlying variables. New insights have been developed about the dynamic interrelation between population growth, current account and economic growth. Th…

2018-03-29abs ↗pdf ↗