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arXiv research

A locally-built, LLM-digested index of recent arXiv papers in quant finance, geometry/topology, and statistical ML — keyword search served straight from SQLite on this machine.

168,742 papers · 148 categories

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48 results for latent outcome

DEBIAS learns causal effects from psychiatric longitudinal data by optimizing outcome weights.

problem Causal inference challenges in psychiatric longitudinal data due to symptom heterogeneity and latent confounding.
method DEBIAS algorithm that optimizes outcome weights to maximize durable treatment effects and minimize confounding.
result DEBIAS consistently outperforms state-of-the-art methods in recovering causal effects for clinically interpretable composite outcomes.

LUQ-Learning adapts Q-learning for healthcare decisions considering patient preferences.

problem Optimizing treatment decisions for multivariate outcomes based on individual preferences.
method Latent Utility Q-Learning (LUQ-Learning) framework that adapts Q-learning for composite outcomes.
result LUQ-Learning achieves highly competitive performance compared to alternative methods in simulations.

A new method removes biases in data integration by using surrogate control outcomes.

problem Data integration methods can be biased due to data-dependent processes.
method Post-integrated inference method using surrogate control outcomes to account for latent heterogeneity.
result The method provides consistent and efficient estimators under minimal assumptions and potential misspecifications.

Evaluating novel contextual bandit policies using logged data is crucial in applications where exploration is costly, such as medicine. But it usually relies on the assumption of no unobserved confounders, which is bound to fail in practice. We study the question of policy evaluation when we instead have proxies for th…

2019-08-06abs ↗pdf ↗

Adaptive sequential testing optimizes epidemic control by learning optimal test strategies.

problem Optimizing test allocation in epidemics with network and temporal dependence.
method Adaptive sequential design with Online Super Learner for optimal test strategies.
result Superior performance in simulated university COVID-19 pandemic.

Paper uses Gaussian processes to handle shared latent confounders in causal inference.

problem Bias in causal effect estimates due to shared latent confounders.
method Hierarchical Bayesian model, Gaussian processes with structured latent confounders (GP-SLC), Monte Carlo inference algorithm.
result GP-SLC provides accurate estimates of individual treatment effects with minimal assumptions.

GWIB improves counterfactual regression by balancing latent distributions and reducing selection bias.

problem Selection bias between control and treatment groups negatively impacts counterfactual regression performance.
method GWIB uses Gromov-Wasserstein information bottleneck to maximize mutual information between covariates and outcomes while penalizing kernelized mutual information between latent representations and covariates.
result GWIB consistently outperforms state-of-the-art CFR methods in ITE estimation tasks.

Framework integrates mental disorder measurements for personalized treatment.

problem Optimizing treatment for mental disorders with latent mental states and heterogeneity.
method Measurement theory and multi-layer neural network for complex treatment effects.
result Learned treatment policies outperform alternatives on heterogeneous treatment effects.

New method uses surrogate outcomes and single-record data to improve suicide risk modeling.

problem Lack of historical information in single-record patients hinders modeling rare medical events.
method Hybrid framework combining supervised and unsupervised learning to integrate concurrent and single-record data.
result Single-record data and concurrent diagnoses provide valuable information for improving suicide risk modeling.

New text as data techniques offer a great promise: the ability to inductively discover measures that are useful for testing social science theories of interest from large collections of text. We introduce a conceptual framework for making causal inferences with discovered measures as a treatment or outcome. Our framewo…

2018-02-06abs ↗pdf ↗

BGM-IV uses AI to estimate causal effects in complex data.

problem Estimating causal effects in high-dimensional, nonlinear settings with endogeneity.
method Structured latent generative modeling for posterior inference in a causally structured latent space.
result BGM-IV outperforms existing methods in high-dimensional covariate regimes.

Develops a new approach for algorithmic recourse in AI systems.

problem Tackles the problem of providing recommendations for reversing negative AI decisions.
method Introduces a causal framework that models recourse as a process over pre- and post-intervention outcomes, allowing for partial stability and resampling of latent variables.
result Demonstrates the value of the proposed methods on real and semi-synthetic datasets.

New approach uses autoregressive models to explore and quantify uncertainty in decision-making.

problem Quantifying and exploring uncertainty in online decision-making.
method Reformulates uncertainty as missing future outcomes, training autoregressive models for next-outcome prediction.
result Establishes a reduction from online learning to offline next-outcome prediction, controlling Bayesian regret by sequence prediction loss.

New model predicts drug effects across various cell types using causal imputation.

problem Predict drug effects across different cell types given limited data.
method Introduces a novel SCM-based model class with latent factor structure and uses Synthetic Interventions estimator.
result Method outperforms other matrix completion approaches in drug repurposing dataset.

New method disentangles latent factors for better treatment effect estimation.

problem Estimating treatment effects from observational data when confounders are not the only variables.
method Variational inference to disentangle latent factors into instrumental, confounding, and risk factors.
result The method improves treatment effect estimation accuracy on various datasets.

New method uses latent variables to estimate treatment effects from single-arm trials.

problem Estimating treatment effects from single-arm trials due to lack of external control groups.
method Latent-variable modeling with amortized variational inference for patient matching and direct effect estimation.
result Improved performance in direct treatment effect estimation and effect estimation via patient matching compared to previous methods.

StepMix estimates mixture models with covariates for social science applications.

problem Estimating latent classes with covariates in social science models.
method Pseudo-likelihood estimation using one-, two-, and three-step approaches.
result Unified framework for expectation-maximization subroutines.

New method identifies proxies for causal effects on multiple outcomes.

problem Estimating causal effects in scenarios with multiple outcomes and treatments.
method Causal discovery method leveraging multiple outcomes as proxies for each treatment effect.
result Parallel studies of multiple outcomes can assist in causal identification.

Bayesian method estimates causal effects with proxy networks.

problem Estimating causal effects with only proxy measurements of a latent interference network.
method Structural causal model with Block Gibbs sampler and Locally Informed Proposals.
result Accurately estimates causal effects even with noisy proxy networks.

A new method improves target selection for manipulating complex systems like the brain.

problem Improper incorporation of low-variance outcomes into latent space of predictive models.
method Developed a novel objective based on supervised variational autoencoders (SVAEs) for PPCA (Probabilistic Principal Component Analysis).
result gPCR (Generative Principal Component Regression) dramatically improves target selection in manipulation compared to standard PCR and SVAEs.

FOCUS method forecasts counterfactuals in panel data with time series dynamics.

problem Forecasting unobserved potential outcomes in causal inference with missing entries and latent factors.
method FOCUS extends matrix completion methods by leveraging time series dynamics of latent factors.
result FOCUS method outperforms existing benchmarks in predicting future counterfactuals.

Exact simulation of correlated binary outcomes using PMF constraints and linear programming.

problem Simulating dependent Bernoulli outcomes with specific means and correlations.
method Formulate the problem over the joint Bernoulli PMF, impose constraints, and solve as a linear program. Use convex-hull characterization and truncated-moment completion scheme for feasibility and simulation.
result Exact simulation framework for correlated binary outcomes, providing a convex-hull characterization and truncated-moment completion scheme.

Trajectory-level supervision allows efficient offline reinforcement learning.

problem Offline reinforcement learning
method Developing a statistical theory for offline policy optimization from trajectory-level labels
result Proving a high-probability guarantee of order O~(H2Csa(π)/n)\widetilde O(H^2\sqrt{C_{sa}(\pi^\star)/n})

Spatial Deconfounder tackles interference and confounding in spatial data.

problem Interference and unmeasured spatial factors confound causal inference in spatial domains.
method Two-stage method using CVAE with spatial prior to reconstruct confounder, then estimate causal effects.
result Nonparametric identification of direct and spillover effects under weak assumptions.

As a popular tool for producing meaningful and interpretable models, large-scale sparse learning works efficiently when the underlying structures are indeed or close to sparse. However, naively applying the existing regularization methods can result in misleading outcomes due to model misspecification. In particular, t…

2017-10-07abs ↗pdf ↗

This paper treats prediction markets as Bayesian inverse problems to quantify uncertainty and identify event outcomes.

problem Uncertainty and identifiability in prediction market outcomes from price-volume histories.
method Formulates prediction markets as Bayesian inverse problems, introduces a log-odds observation model, and derives posterior uncertainty quantification and identifiability criteria.
result Explicit diagnostics for informative and stable inference regimes, and validation through synthetic data experiments.

BSFP method reveals latent patterns in multi-omic data for predicting lung function in HIV-associated OLD.

problem Limited understanding of multi-omic molecular phenomena and clinical outcomes in obstructive lung disease.
method Bayesian Simultaneous Factorization and Prediction (BSFP) method for multi-omic data, accommodating imputation and full posterior inference.
result BSFP reveals distinct clusters of patients with OLD and multi-omic patterns related to lung function decline.

CausalBGM uses AI to infer causal effects from complex data.

problem Challenges in causal inference with high-dimensional covariates.
method AI-powered Bayesian generative modeling approach to estimate individual treatment effects.
result CausalBGM consistently outperforms existing methods in high-dimensional scenarios.

Paper tackles intervention extrapolation using identifiable representations.

problem Predicting effects of unseen interventions on outcomes.
method Combines identifiable representation learning with autoencoders to enforce linear invariance.
result Identifiable representations enable non-linear extrapolation of interventions.

A novel disentangled graph autoencoder improves treatment effect estimation from networked observational data.

problem Treatment effect estimation from observational data is challenging due to unconfoundedness assumption and latent confounders.
method Proposes a disentangled variational graph autoencoder to disentangle latent factors and enforce factor independence.
result Extensive experiments show superior performance compared to state-of-the-art approaches.

A new method models continuous-time counterfactual outcomes using neural controlled differential equations.

problem Estimating personalized healthcare outcomes over irregularly sampled data.
method Interpreting data as samples from a continuous-time process, modeling latent trajectory using controlled differential equations, and using adversarial training for time-dependent confounding.
result TE-CDE consistently outperforms existing approaches in irregularly sampled scenarios.