arXiv research

This paper tabulates prime knot projections up to eight double points.

Legendrian knots can be represented by projections with multi-crossings.

An algorithm determines knot colorability and determinants from petal projections.

New number bounds knot complexity, including unknotting and crosscap numbers.

The study finds lower bounds for the warping degree of a knot projection.

The paper defines a new equivalence relation for knot projections and finds an infinite number of distinct classes.

An increasing sequence of integers is said to be universal for knots if every knot has a reduced regular projection on the sphere such that the number of edges of each complementary face of the projection comes from the given sequence. Adams, Shinjo, and Tanaka have, in a work, shown that (2,4,5) and (3,4,n) (where n i…

Projection maps virtual Legendrian knots to classical ones.

The paper studies knots in projective space using virtual link theory.

The paper finds petal numbers of torus knots using superbridge indices.

This paper identifies knot projections with reductivity two.

Let n be any integer greater than two. We prove that there exists a projection P having the following properties. (1) P is not the projection of any unknotted knot. (2) The singular point set of P consists of double points. (3) P is the projection of an n-knot which is diffeomorphic to the standard sphere. We prove the…

The paper defines new homotopy relations on knot projections and classifies certain knot types.

New homotopy types and invariants defined for knots.

Introduced recently, an n-crossing is a singular point in a projection of a link at which n strands cross such that each strand travels straight through the crossing. We introduce the notion of an übercrossing projection, a knot projection with a single n-crossing. Such a projection is necessarily composed of a collect…

Paper proves unique canonical form for certain highly twisted knots and links.

32 knot projections classified based on forbidden Reidemeister moves.

Paper defines weak (1, 3) homotopy for knot projections and classifies trivial knots.

A quadruple crossing is a crossing in a projection of a knot or link that has four strands of the knot passing straight through it. A quadruple crossing projection is a projection such that all of the crossings are quadruple crossings. In a previous paper, it was proved that every knot and link has a quadruple crossing…

Knots in Euclidean space which may be parameterized by a single cosine function in each coordinate are called Lissajous knots. We show that twist knots are Lissajous knots if and only if their Arf invariants are zero. We further prove that all 2-bridge knots and all (3,q)-torus knots have Lissajous projections.

We give the bridge indices for 11-crossing prime knots and give a minimal bridge projection for each of these knots. The results on the indices may be easily summarized: all of these knots that are not rational knots or Montesinos knots have bridge index three.

The paper shows that knot projections without triple chords can be simplified.

In this paper we propose {\it a region choice problem} for a knot projection. This problem is an integral extension of Shimizu's 'region crossing change unknotting operation.' We show that there exists a solution of the region choice problem for all knot projections.

Defines a measure of knot concordance using cobordism distance.

A triple crossing is a crossing in a projection of a knot or link that has three strands of the knot passing straight through it. A triple crossing projection is a projection such that all of the crossings are triple crossings. We prove that every knot and link has a triple crossing projection and then investigate c_3(…

The paper classifies knots in real projective 3-space and introduces new geometric tools.

Study bounds on cusp volumes of alternating knots on surfaces.

Two new invariants that are closely related to Milnor's curvature-torsion invariant are introduced. The first, the spiral index of a knot, captures the minimum number of maxima among all knot projections that are free of inflection points. This invariant is closely related to both the bridge and braid index of the knot…

An increasing sequence of integers is said to be universal for knots and links if every knot and link has a projection to the sphere such that the number of edges of each complementary face of the projection comes from the given sequence. This paper is an investigation into which sequences, either finite or infinite, a…

Solves if a link projection can represent a specific link.

The paper proves rigidity of surgeries on the figure-eight knot complement.

We show that any nontrivial reduced knot projection can be obtained from a trefoil projection by a finite sequence of half-twisted splice operations and their inverses such that the result of each step in the sequence is reduced.

We give a simple example showing that a knot or link diagram that lies in the ${\mathbb{Z}}^2$ lattice is not necessarily the projection of a lattice stick knot or link in the ${\mathbb{Z}}^3$ lattice, and we give a necessary and sufficient condition for when a knot or link diagram that lies in the ${\mathbb{Z}}^2$ lat…

This paper defines RII number for knot projections and shows it can be any nonnegative number.

We study the set of Crowell states for alternating knot projections and show that for prime alternating knots the space of states for a reduced projection is connected, a result similar to that for Kauffman states. As an application we give a new proof of a result of Ozsvath and Szabo characterizing (2,2n+1) torus knot…

In this paper, we generalize a result of Satoh to show that for any odd natural $n$, the connected sum of the $n$-twist spun sphere of a knot $K$ and an unknotted projective plane in the 4-sphere is equivalent to the same unknotted projective plane. We additionally provide a fix to a small error in Satoh's proof of the…

This paper is devoted to prove the existence of $q$-periodic alternating projections of prime alternating $q$-periodic knots. The main tool is the Menasco-Thistlethwaite's Flyping theorem. Let $K$ be an oriented prime alternating knot that is $q$-periodic with $q\geq 3$, i.e. $K$ admits a symmetry that is a rotation of…

This paper studies periodic and free periodic knots in alternating projections.

Let n be aninteger>4. There is a smoothly knotted n-dimensional sphere in (n+2)-space such that the singular point set of its projection in (n+1)-space consists of double points and that the components of the singular point set are two. (The sphere is knotted in the sense that it does not bound any embedded (n+1)-ball …

We extend the concepts of trivializing and knotting numbers for knots to spatial graphs and 2-bouquet graphs, in particular. Furthermore, we calculate the trivializing and knotting numbers for projections and pseudodiagrams of 2-bouquet spatial graphs based on the number of precrossings and the placement of the precros…

Study shows bounds on volumes of weakly generalised alternating knots.

The Gluck twist preserves the diffeomorphism type of certain satellite 2-knots.

We develop a skein exact sequence for knot Floer homology, involving singular knots. This leads to an explicit, algebraic description of knot Floer homology in terms of a braid projection of the knot.

An $n$-crossing is a point in the projection of a knot where $n$ strands cross so that each strand bisects the crossing. An übercrossing projection has a single $n$-crossing and a petal projection has a single $n$-crossing such that there are no loops nested within others. The übercrossing number, $\text{ü}(K)$, is the…

Flattenings of knotted surfaces help define new invariants.

This paper introduces techniques for computing a variety of numerical invariants associated to a Legendrian knot in a contact manifold presented by an open book with a Morse structure. Such a Legendrian knot admits a front projection to the boundary of a regular neighborhood of the binding. From this front projection, …

We study surface knots in 4-space by using generic planar projections. These projections have fold points and cusps as their singularities and the image of the singular point set divides the plane into several regions. The width (or the total width) of a surface knot is a numerical invariant related to the number of po…

A knot k is called ``strongly (n-1)-trivial.'' if there exists a projection of k, such that one can choose n crossings of the projection with the property that making the crossing changes corresponding to any of the $2^{n}-1$ nontrivial combinations of the selected crossings turns the original knot into the unknot. We …