A reliable human skin detection method that is adaptable to different human skin colours and illu- mination conditions is essential for better human skin segmentation. Even though different human skin colour detection solutions have been successfully applied, they are prone to false skin detection and are not able to c…
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48 results for “human detection”
The Truncation Blind Spot: How Decoding Strategies Systematically Exclude Human-Like Token Choicescs.CL
Decoding strategies often exclude human-like tokens, creating a detectable gap in generated text.
problem Decoding strategies exclude contextually appropriate but statistically rare tokens, creating a detectable gap in generated text.
method Analysis of 1.8 million texts across 8 language models, 5 decoding strategies, and 53 hyperparameter configurations.
result 8-18% of human-selected tokens fall outside typical truncation boundaries, indicating a detectable gap.
New method detects watermarks in LLM-generated text with human edits.
problem Dilution of watermark signals by human edits on LLM-generated text.
method Truncated goodness-of-fit test (Tr-GoF) for robust detection.
result Tr-GoF achieves optimality in robust detection of Gumbel-max watermark.
Detecting anomalous activity in human mobility data has a number of applications including road hazard sensing, telematic based insurance, and fraud detection in taxi services and ride sharing. In this paper we address two challenges that arise in the study of anomalous human trajectories: 1) a lack of ground truth dat…
Deep learning uses WiFi CSI for reliable human presence detection.
problem Reliable human presence detection using ambient RF signals.
method Pre-processing of estimated CSI followed by deep learning.
result Near perfect presence detection during multiple extended periods.
Improved NTL detection using human-in-the-loop approach with explainability.
problem Challenges in detecting NTL due to biased data and black-box models.
method Human-in-the-loop approach with explanatory methods to guide model training.
result Improved accuracy, interpretability, robustness, and flexibility of the prediction model.
An algorithm detects anomalies based on human perception principles.
problem Anomaly detection in data.
method Inspired by Gestalt psychology and Helmholtz principle, the algorithm models anomalies as unexpected elements in random distributions.
result The algorithm efficiently detects anomalies with minimal user intervention and promising results on multivariate data.
Paper proposes an efficient method for bounding box annotation in object detection.
problem Manual annotation of bounding boxes is tedious and resource-intensive.
method Iterative training of object detector on small batches of labeled images, with human annotator correcting errors.
result Significant reduction in human annotation effort, up to 75%.
Human analysts that use anomaly detection systems in practice want to retain the use of simple and explainable global anomaly detectors. In this paper, we propose a novel human-in-the-loop learning algorithm called GLAD (GLocalized Anomaly Detection) that supports global anomaly detectors. GLAD automatically learns the…
The development of real-time affect detection models often depends upon obtaining annotated data for supervised learning by employing human experts to label the student data. One open question in annotating affective data for affect detection is whether the labelers (i.e., human experts) need to be socio-culturally sim…
The automatic detection of frauds in banking transactions has been recently studied as a way to help the analysts finding fraudulent operations. Due to the availability of a human feedback, this task has been studied in the framework of active learning: the fraud predictor is allowed to sequentially call on an oracle. …
Proposes a probabilistic method for generating semantically-aware adversarial examples.
problem Generating adversarial examples that are difficult for humans to detect while preserving semantics.
method Embeds subjective understanding of semantics as a distribution into adversarial example generation.
result Achieves higher success rates in circumventing adversarial defense mechanisms.
During the past decade, many anomaly detection approaches have been introduced in different fields such as network monitoring, fraud detection, and intrusion detection. However, they require understanding of data pattern and often need a long off-line period to build a model or network for the target data. Providing re…
Geometric framework detects concept frustration between human concepts and machine representations.
problem Aligning human concepts with machine learning representations.
method Geometric framework and similarity measures for detecting concept frustration.
result Concept frustration affects machine learning model performance and reorganizes learned concept representations.
Humans are the final decision makers in critical tasks that involve ethical and legal concerns, ranging from recidivism prediction, to medical diagnosis, to fighting against fake news. Although machine learning models can sometimes achieve impressive performance in these tasks, these tasks are not amenable to full auto…
Framework uses human feedback to safely set OOD detection thresholds, reducing false positives.
problem Challenges in setting OOD detection thresholds for safety-critical applications.
method Mathematically grounded framework leveraging expert feedback to dynamically update thresholds.
result Guaranteed to meet FPR constraint while minimizing human feedback, maintaining FPR at most 5%.
Paper introduces a statistical framework for watermarking LLM-generated text.
problem Detecting LLM-generated text from human-written text with statistical signals.
method Hypothesis testing formulation, pivotal statistic selection, secret key, closed-form expression of false negative rate, minimax optimization.
result Derives optimal detection rules for LLM-generated text, demonstrating higher power than existing methods.
We propose a method to generate multiple diverse and valid human pose hypotheses in 3D all consistent with the 2D detection of joints in a monocular RGB image. We use a novel generative model uniform (unbiased) in the space of anatomically plausible 3D poses. Our model is compositional (produces a pose by combining par…
Detects AI-synthesized speech using cepstral and bispectral analysis.
problem Validating the authenticity of speech from AI-generated content.
method Integrates cepstral and bispectral analysis for distinguishing human from AI-synthesized speech.
result Higher-order statistics show less correlation for human speech compared to AI-synthesis, and cepstral analysis reveals unique power components.
Telescope detects LLM generated text by measuring token repetition probability.
problem Distinguishing LLM generated text from human writing.
method Telescope Perplexity, evaluating token repetition probability.
result Telescope Perplexity enables effective zero-shot LLM detection.
Study compares DSPy teleprompter algorithms for aligning LLM evaluations with human annotations.
problem Aligning LLM evaluation metrics with human annotations.
method Comparative analysis of five teleprompter algorithms within the DSPy framework.
result Certain teleprompters outperform others in detecting hallucinations.
Evaluates change point detection algorithms on real-world data.
problem Insufficient evaluation of change point detection algorithms on real-world time series.
method Developed a data set of 37 time series from various domains, annotated by human experts, and evaluated 14 algorithms using consistency metrics.
result Demonstrates the need for better evaluation methods in change point detection.
Human-Expert-Level Brain Tumor Detection Using Deep Learning with Data Distillation and Augmentationcs.CV
Deep learning improves brain tumor detection with few data.
problem Scarce training data and data corruption in medical diagnosis.
method Data distillation and augmentation to improve deep neural network training.
result Reaches human expert-level accuracy with just a few thousand training examples.
Machine learning models are increasingly used in the industry to make decisions such as credit insurance approval. Some people may be tempted to manipulate specific variables, such as the age or the salary, in order to get better chances of approval. In this ongoing work, we propose to discuss, with a first proposition…
ReRe detects anomalies in real-time for time series data.
problem Real-time anomaly detection for time series data requires human intervention or domain knowledge and high computation complexity.
method ReRe uses two lightweight LSTM models to predict and determine anomalies based on historical data and adaptive thresholds.
result ReRe detects anomalies in real-time without requiring human intervention or domain knowledge.
Deep learning detects diabetic retinopathy stages from single fundus photos.
problem Early detection of diabetic retinopathy for treatment success.
method Convolutional neural networks (CNN) for automatic stage detection.
result Sensitivity and specificity of 0.99 on APTOS 2019 Blindness Detection Dataset.
Paper uses AI to improve medical diagnosis accuracy.
problem Improving accuracy of medical diagnoses.
method Heuristic frequentist and Bayesian approaches applied to a nationwide dataset.
result Algorithm outperforms human doctors in detecting abnormal births.
New method for valid and exact statistical inference of multi-dimensional change-points.
problem Statistical inference of change-points in multi-dimensional sequences.
method Proposes a method to guarantee the statistical reliability of both location and components of detected changes.
result Demonstrates the effectiveness of the method in genomic abnormality identification and human behavior analysis.
Computer generated academic papers have been used to expose a lack of thorough human review at several computer science conferences. We assess the problem of classifying such documents. After identifying and evaluating several quantifiable features of academic papers, we apply methods from machine learning to build a b…
Deep Learning for Unsupervised Insider Threat Detection in Structured Cybersecurity Data Streamscs.NE
Analysis of an organization's computer network activity is a key component of early detection and mitigation of insider threat, a growing concern for many organizations. Raw system logs are a prototypical example of streaming data that can quickly scale beyond the cognitive power of a human analyst. As a prospective fi…
STOOD-X detects out-of-distribution samples without distributional assumptions and provides explainable visualizations.
problem Challenges in OOD detection, including restrictive assumptions, scalability issues, and lack of interpretability.
method Two-stage methodology combining statistical nonparametric test and explainability enhancements.
result Achieves competitive performance in high-dimensional and complex settings, with explainability framework enabling human oversight.
New methods detect objects in industrial settings with little training data.
problem Lack of training data limits object detection in industrial settings.
method Adapted Faster R-CNN and Scaled Yolov4-p5 architectures for small training data.
result Both models can distinguish unknown objects from homogeneous backgrounds.
Anomaly detection refers to the task of finding unusual instances that stand out from the normal data. In several applications, these outliers or anomalous instances are of greater interest compared to the normal ones. Specifically in the case of industrial optical inspection and infrastructure asset management, findin…
Temporal Relational Reasoning of Large Language Models for Detecting Stock Portfolio Crashesq-fin.RM
TRR detects stock portfolio crashes by simulating human reasoning.
problem Detecting stock portfolio crashes with limited historical data.
method Temporal Relational Reasoning (TRR) framework.
result TRR outperforms state-of-the-art techniques in detecting stock portfolio crashes.
Visual Human Activity Recognition (HAR) and data fusion with other sensors can help us at tracking the behavior and activity of underground miners with little obstruction. Existing models, such as Single Shot Detector (SSD), trained on the Common Objects in Context (COCO) dataset is used in this paper to detect the cur…
This essay reviews human observer-based methods employed in shark spotting in Muizenberg Beach. It investigates Machine Learning methods for automated shark detection with the aim of enhancing human observation. A questionnaire and interview were used to collect information about shark spotting, the motivation of the a…
Deep learning improves community detection in graph datasets.
problem Community detection in graph datasets using deep learning.
method Proposes a deep learning approach using Gumbel Softmax for clustering graph nodes.
result The new approach significantly outperforms traditional clustering methods.
Event detection has long been the domain of physical sensors operating in a static dataset assumption. The prevalence of social media and web access has led to the emergence of social, or human sensors who report on events globally. This warrants development of event detectors that can take advantage of the truly dense…
Polysomnography (PSG) is the gold standard for diagnosing sleep obstructive apnea (OSA). It allows monitoring of breathing events throughout the night. The detection of these events is usually done by trained sleep experts. However, this task is tedious, highly time-consuming and subject to important inter-scorer varia…
New approach deflects adversarial attacks by causing them to resemble target classes.
problem Ongoing cycle of stronger defenses being broken by more advanced attacks.
method Combines three detection mechanisms in Capsule Networks to achieve state-of-the-art performance on both standard and defense-aware attacks. Uses human study to show attacks can no longer be called adversarial.
result Attack images can no longer be called adversarial because they are classified the same way as humans do.
A model-free approach to fingertip slip and disturbance detection for grasp stability inferencecs.RO
Robotic grasp stability improved with fingertip slippage detection.
problem Improving grasp stability in robotic manipulation.
method Task-relevant feature extraction and efficient classifier design for fingertip slippage detection.
result The proposed method effectively detects object slippage with fingertips in an online fashion.
Auditing for Human Expertisestat.ML
Develops a test to assess if human experts add value to predictions.
problem Detecting if human expertise adds value to predictions.
method Statistical framework and hypothesis test to assess independence of expert predictions from outcomes.
result Physicians' decisions for AGIB patients incorporate information not available to a screening tool.
Paper proposes privacy-preserving learning for images, making them imperceptible to humans but recognizable by machines.
problem Conflict between developing AI systems and protecting sensitive training data.
method Encryption strategies (random shuffling and sub-patch mixing) followed by minimal adaptation to vision transformer.
result Achieves comparable accuracy to competitive methods while ensuring human-imperceptibility of encrypted images.
This research detects and identifies human-made objects in 3D point clouds using novel methods.
problem Detect and identify human-made objects in 3D point clouds.
method Ground filtering, local information extraction, clustering using Marked Point Fields (MPFs) and Hessian matrix.
result The proposed method outperforms previous techniques in detecting human-made objects.
Event Detection in Noisy Streaming Data with Combination of Corroborative and Probabilistic Sourcescs.LG
Global physical event detection has traditionally relied on dense coverage of physical sensors around the world; while this is an expensive undertaking, there have not been alternatives until recently. The ubiquity of social networks and human sensors in the field provides a tremendous amount of real-time, live data ab…
Classifier detects LLM-generated text with guarantees.
problem Detecting fake LLM-generated text to prevent misuse.
method Trained classifier without auxiliary info, distinguishing human and LLM text.
result Achieves higher accuracy than existing detectors with type-I error control.
In this paper, mm-Pose, a novel approach to detect and track human skeletons in real-time using an mmWave radar, is proposed. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first method to detect >15 distinct skeletal joints using mmWave radar reflection signals. The proposed method would find several applications …
The tremendous success of deep learning for imaging applications has resulted in numerous beneficial advances. Unfortunately, this success has also been a catalyst for malicious uses such as photo-realistic face swapping of parties without consent. Transferring one person's face from a source image to a target image of…