Study verifies asymptotic expansion for Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants of fundamental shadow link pairs.
problem Verifying the asymptotic expansion conjecture for Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants of fundamental shadow link pairs.
method Using logarithmic holonomies of meridians and hyperbolic cone structures, the study verifies the conjecture for pairs where M∖L is homeomorphic to a fundamental shadow link complement. result The asymptotic expansion conjecture is true for pairs (M,L) with sufficiently small cone angles and M∖L homeomorphic to a fundamental shadow link complement. Geometric proof confirms link volume conjecture.
problem Volume conjecture for hyperbolic 3-manifolds.
method Topological and skein theoretic techniques.
result Complements of octahedral fully augmented links are isometric to fundamental shadow links.
New geometric methods solve a conjecture for hyperbolic 3-manifolds.
problem Verifying the 1-loop conjecture for hyperbolic 3-manifolds.
method Constructing geometric ideal triangulations and solving gluing equations.
result Proves the 1-loop conjecture for a large class of hyperbolic 3-manifolds.
We construct elements of the third quandle homology groups of knot quandles, which are called the shadow fundamental classes. They play the same roles for the shadow quandle cocycle invariants of knots as the fundamental classes of knot quandles does for the quandle cocycle invariants. As an application of the shadow f…
The paper presents fundamental groups of complements of shadows in 4-balls.
problem Understanding fundamental groups of 4-manifold complements.
method Similar to Wirtinger presentation, focusing on contractible shadows.
result A presentation of fundamental groups of subpolyhedra in 4-balls.
Researchers derived Kauffman bracket polynomial for Celtic link shadows using two methods.
problem Calculating the Kauffman bracket polynomial for Celtic link shadows.
method Two complementary approaches: recursive relation and 4-tangle algebra.
result Derived Kauffman bracket polynomial for CK42n shadows. Researchers create links in 3-sphere satisfying volume conjecture.
problem Proving hyperbolic links in 3-sphere satisfy volume conjecture.
method Topological tools, homeomorphic complement property, fundamental shadow links.
result Links in 3-sphere homeomorphic to fundamental shadow links satisfy volume conjecture.
The paper connects 3D manifold invariants to hyperbolic cone metrics and discrete Fourier transforms.
problem Volume conjecture for Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants of 3-manifolds with links.
method Volume conjecture, hyperbolic cone metrics, discrete Fourier transforms, change-of-pair operations.
result Volume conjecture proven for specific cases, provides approach to solving Volume Conjecture for hyperbolic 3-manifolds.
New invariants for singular knots and links defined using shadow structures.
problem Defining invariants for singular knots and links.
method Introducing action of singquandles on sets and defining shadow counting and polynomial invariants.
result Enhanced shadow counting invariant for singular knots and links.
We introduce a topological combinatorial game called the Link Smoothing Game. The game is played on the shadow of a link diagram and legal moves consist of smoothing precrossings. One player's goal is to keep the diagram connected while the other player's goal is to disconnect the shadow. We make significant progress t…
Study on links formed by pseudocircle arrangements, focusing on three unavoidable cases.
problem Counting non-equivalent positive oriented links with pseudocircle arrangements as shadows.
method Analyzing three unavoidable arrangements of pseudocircles to estimate the number of non-equivalent links.
result Sharp estimates on the number of non-equivalent positive oriented links for the three unavoidable arrangements.
Combinatorial two-player games have recently been applied to knot theory. Examples of this include the Knotting-Unknotting Game and the Region Unknotting Game, both of which are played on knot shadows. These are turn-based games played by two players, where each player has a separate goal to achieve in order to win the…
We introduce an associative algebra Z[X,S] associated to a birack shadow and define enhancements of the birack counting invariant for classical knots and links via representations of Z[X,S] known as shadow modules. We provide examples which demonstrate that the shadow module enhanced invariants are not determined by th…
Study of quandle coloring quivers with dihedral quandles.
problem Link invariants and their enhancements using quandles.
method Introduced shadow quandle coloring quivers and cocycle quivers, studied equivalence with quandle coloring numbers and shadow quandle cocycle invariants.
result Equivalence of quandle coloring quivers with quandle coloring numbers and shadow quandle cocycle quivers with shadow quandle cocycle invariants for specific dihedral quandles.
Neural Shadow-Mapping uncovers causal links in dynamic systems.
problem Discovering causal structures in dynamic systems with mirage correlations.
method Neural network based method embedding high-dimensional data into a shadow representation for causal link estimation.
result Demonstrates performance in discovering causal links from video-representations of dynamic systems.
Theory of link projections to 3-manifold spines, proving combinatorial moves for isotopic links.
problem Link equivalence on 3-manifold spines.
method Theory of link projections, combinatorial moves, Reidemeister Theorem.
result Crossingless projections and combinatorial moves for isotopic links.
In this paper, we discuss the (co)homology theory of biquandles, derived biquandle cocycle invariants for oriented surface-links using broken surface diagrams and how to compute the biquandle cocycle invariants from marked graph diagrams. We also develop the shadow (co)homology theory of biquandles and construct the sh…
We compute the asymptotical growth rate of a large family of Uq(sl2) 6j-symbols and we interpret our results in geometric terms by relating them to volumes of hyperbolic truncated tetrahedra. We address a question which is strictly related with S.Gukov's generalized volume conjecture and deals with the case of hy…
Given a shadow biquandle (B,X) composed of a biquandle B and a strongly connected B-set X, we have a local biquandle structure on X. The (co)homology groups of such shadow biquandles are isomorphic to those of the corresponding local biquandles. Moreover, cocycle invariants, of oriented links and oriented sur…
A rack shadow is a set X with a rack action by a rack R, analogous to a vector space over a field. We use shadow colorings of classical link diagrams to define enhanced rack counting invariants and show that the enhanced invariants are stronger than unenhanced counting invariants.
In 1993, Fenn, Rourke and Sanderson introduced rack spaces and rack homotopy invariants, and modifications to quandle spaces and quandle homotopy invariants were introduced by Nosaka in 2011. In this paper, we define the Cayley-type graph and the extended quandle space of a quandle in analogy to rack and quandle spaces…
New divide with gleams method simplifies symmetric link representation.
problem Representing symmetric links with divides and gleams.
method Introducing divides with gleams and algorithms for transvergent diagrams.
result Divides with gleams simplify the representation of symmetric links.
We prove that a closed 4-manifold has shadow-complexity zero if and only if it is a kind of 4-dimensional graph manifold, which decomposes into some particular blocks along embedded copies of S^2 x S^1, plus some complex projective spaces. We deduce a classification of all 4-manifolds with finite fundamental group and …
We give a method for constructing a shadowed polyhedron from a divide. The 4-manifold reconstructed from a shadowed polyhedron admits the structure of a Lefschetz fibration if it satisfies a certain property, which we call the LF-property. We will show that the shadowed polyhedron constructed from a divide satisfies th…
We introduce an algebra Z[X,S] associated to a pair (X,S) of a virtual birack X and X-shadow S. We use modules over Z[X,S] to define enhancements of the virtual birack shadow counting invariant, extending the birack shadow module invariants to virtual case. We repeat this construction for the twisted virtual case. As a…
Turaev's shadow formula calculates the SU(2)-Reshetikhin-Turaev-Witten invariants using shadows, and its expression is somehow similar to a Euler characteristic. We give a short proof of this formula using skein theory. The formula applies to pairs (M,G) where M is a closed oriented 3-manifold and GcM is a (possibly em…
Quandle cocycle invariants form a powerful and well developed tool in knot theory. This paper treats their variations - namely, positive and twisted quandle cocycle invariants, and shadow invariants. We interpret the former as particular cases of the latter. As an application, several constructions from the shadow worl…
We generalize bridge trisections to surfaces in four-manifolds, linking them to braided links.
problem Embedding surfaces in four-manifolds and understanding their braiding.
method Introducing bridge trisections, isotoping surfaces, and using trisections and open-book decompositions.
result Any neatly embedded surface can be isotoped to lie in bridge trisection position with respect to any trisection of the four-manifold.
Turaev's shadow can be seen locally as the Stein factorization of a stable map. In this paper, we define the notion of stable map complexity for a compact orientable 3-manifold bounded by (possibly empty) tori counting, with some weights, the minimal number of singular fibers of codimension 2 of stable maps into the re…
We consider the classical problem of a position of n-dimensional manifold M in R^{n+2}. We show that we can define the fundamental (n+1)-cycle and the shadow fundamental (n+2)-cycle for a fundamental quandle of a knotting M to R^{n+2}. In particular, we show that for any fixed quandle, quandle coloring, and shadow quan…
Inspired by a Blaschke's work about analytic convex surfaces, we study {\em shadow boundaries} of Riemannian submanifolds M, which are defined by a parallel vector field along M. Since a shadow boundary is just a closed subset of M, first, we will give a condition that guarantee its smoothness. It depends on the …
This paper reveals hidden hyperbolic structures in divide links.
problem Understanding hyperbolic structures in divide links.
method Analyzing the complement of link of a divide using ideal polyhedra.
result Upper bound on hyperbolic volume of links of divides, asymptotically sharp.
Quantile regression attacks outperform shadow models in unseen class membership inference attacks.
problem Failure of shadow model attacks on unseen classes due to limited data access.
method Quantile regression attacks that learn features of member examples.
result Quantile regression attacks achieve up to 11x higher TPR than shadow model-based approaches.
Eisermann has shown that the Jones polynomial of a n-component ribbon link L⊂S3 is divided by the Jones polynomial of the trivial n-component link. We improve this theorem by extending its range of application from links in S3 to colored knotted trivalent graphs in #g(S2×S1), the connected …
We extend the definition of the colored Jones polynomials to framed links and trivalent graphs in S^3 # k S^2 X S^1 using a state-sum formulation based on Turaev's shadows. Then, we prove that the natural extension of the Volume Conjecture is true for an infinite family of hyperbolic links.
A new state-sum formula for the evaluation of the Yang-Mills measure in the Kauffman bracket skein algebra of a closed surface is derived. The formula extends the Kauffman bracket to diagrams that lie in surfaces other than the plane. It also extends Turaev's shadow world invariant of links in a circle bundle over a su…
This is a PhD thesis about low dimensional topology, in particular knot thory in 3-manifolds also different from the 3-sphere, topological applications of quantum invariants, and Turaev's shadows. There is an introduction and a survey for these topics. The thesis uses skein theory and focues on the connected sum of cop…
In [3] we constructed the parity-biquandle bracket valued in {\em pictures} (linear combinations of 4-valent graphs). We gave no example of classical links such that the parity-biquandle bracket of which is not trivial. In the present paper we slightly change the notation of the parity-biquandle bracket and give exam…
By using the cohomology theory of quandles, quandle cocycle invariants and shadow quandle cocycle invariants are defined for oriented links and surface-links via broken surface diagrams. By using symmetric quandles, symmetric quandle cocycle invariants are also defined for unoriented links and surface-links via broken …
Biquandles are generalizations of quandles. As well as quandles, biquandles give us many invariants for oriented classical/virtual/surface links. Some invariants derived from biquandles are known to be stronger than those from quandles for virtual links. However, we have not found an essentially refined invariant for c…
Framework identifies population quantities from MNAR feedback using weak shadow variables from pretrained models.
problem Estimating mean outcomes from MNAR user feedback with bias and lack of identification.
method Develops a partial identification framework using linear programs and weak shadow variables from pretrained models.
result Bounds on estimand are obtained by solving linear programs incorporating pretrained model predictions.
Special shadow-complexity equals k+1 for k copies of S1×S3.
problem Calculating the special shadow-complexity of a specific 4-manifold.
method Defined by Costantino using Turaev's shadows, proved for connected sums of S1×S3.
result The special shadow-complexity of k copies of S1×S3 is k+1.
New invariant measures complexity of 2-knots in 4D space.
problem Measuring complexity of 2-knots in 4D space.
method Introduced shadow-complexity based on Turaev shadows.
result Characterized 2-knots with shadow-complexity up to 1.
A shadow diagram is a knot diagram with under-over information omitted; a shadow movie is a sequence of shadow diagrams related by shadow Reidemeister moves. We show that not every shadow movie arises as the shadow of a Reidemeister movie, meaning a sequence of classical knot diagrams related by classical Reidemeister …
Paper studies knotoid chirality using shadow quandle colorings and invariants.
problem Distinguishing knotoids from their mirrors.
method Shadow quandle colorings and cocycle invariants.
result Knotoid 31 is shown to be chiral. Researchers compute twisted Reidemeister torsion for hyperbolic 3-manifolds.
problem Computing twisted Reidemeister torsion for hyperbolic 3-manifolds.
method Using Dehn-filling and logarithmic holonomy of meridians.
result Formulas for adjoint twisted Reidemeister torsion in terms of boundary components and edge lengths.
The average shadowing property is considered for set-valued dynamical systems, generated by parameterized IFS, which are uniformly contracting, or conjugacy, or products of such ones. We also prove that if a continuous surjective IFS F on a compact metric space X has the aver- age shadowing property, then every point x…
The paper studies convergence rates of Tsallis entropic regularization in optimal transport.
problem Optimal transport with regularization.
method Γ-convergence and quantization/shadow arguments.
result Derives convergence rate of Tsallis entropic regularization.