arXiv research

The focal submanifolds of isoparametric hypersurfaces in spheres are all minimal Willmore submanifolds, mostly being $\mathcal{A}$-manifolds in the sense of A.Gray but rarely Ricci-parallel (\cite{QTY},\cite{LY},\cite{TY3}). In this paper we study the geometry of the focal submanifolds via Simons formula. We show that …

We prove that a submanifold with parallel focal structure, which is a generalization of isoparametric and equifocal submanifolds, induces a singular Riemannian foliation of the ambient space by its parallel and focal manifolds.

Characterizes submanifolds with minimum ratio of diameter to focal radius.

Survey of Cartan's work on isoparametric hypersurfaces in spheres.

Study of families of lines on spheres and their focal sets.

Study on focal locus of submanifolds in Finsler manifolds, showing regularity and smoothness.

Study on transnormal functions and their level sets on Finsler manifolds.

An isoparametric hypersurface in unit spheres has two focal submanifolds. Condition A plays a crucial role in the classification theory of isoparametric hypersurfaces in [CCJ07], [Chi16] and [Miy13]. This paper determines $C_A$, the set of points with Condition A in focal submanifolds. It turns out that the points in $…

This is a continuation of Tang and Yan, which investigated the first eigenvalues of minimal isoparametric hypersurfaces with $g=4$ distinct principal curvatures and focal submanifolds in unit spheres. For the focal submanifolds with $g=6$, the present paper obtains estimates on all the eigenvalues, among others, giving…

This paper is a continuation of a paper with the same title of the last two authors. In the first part of the present paper, we give a unified geometric proof that both focal submanifolds of every isoparametric hypersurface in spheres with four distinct principal curvatures are Willmore. In the second part, we complete…

An equifocal submanifold M of a symmetric space N of compact type induces a foliation with singular leaves on N. In this paper we will show how to reconstruct the equifocal foliation starting from one of the singular leaves, the so-called focal manifolds. To be more concrete: The equifocal submanifold is equal to a par…

In this paper, we assume that all isoparametric submanifolds have flat section. The main purpose of this paper is to prove that, if a full irreducible complete isoparametric submanifold of codimension greater than one in a symmetric space of non-compact type admits a reflective focal submanifold and if it of real analy…

It is known that principal orbits of Hermann actions on a symmetric space of non-compact type are curvature-adapted isoparametric submanifolds having no focal point of non-Euclidean type on the ideal boundary of the ambient symmetric space. In this paper, we investigate the mean curvature flows for such a curvature-ada…

We give an optimal estimate for the norm of any submanifold's second fundamental form in terms of its focal radius and the lower sectional curvature bound of the ambient manifold. This is a special case of a similar theorem for intermediate Ricci curvature, and leads to a $C^{1,α}$ compactness result for submanifolds, …

Associated with isoparametric foliations of unit spheres, there are two classes of minimal surfaces $-$ minimal isoparametric hypersurfaces and focal submanifolds. By virtue of their rich structures, we find new series of minimizing cones. They are cones over focal submanifolds and cones over suitable products among th…

Study finds infinite sign-changing solutions for a specific equation on manifolds.

In this paper, we study isoparametric hypersurfaces in Finsler space forms by investigating focal points, tubes and parallel hypersurfaces of submanifolds. We prove that the focal submanifolds of isoparametric hypersurfaces are anisotropic-minimal and obtain the Cartan-type formula in a Finsler space form with vanishin…

We show that the focal radius of any submanifold $N$ of positive dimension in a manifold $M$ with sectional curvature greater than or equal to $1$ does not exceed $\frac{π}{2}.$ In the case of equality, we show that $N$ is totally geodesic in $M$ and the universal cover of $M$ is isometric to a sphere or a projective s…

The paper studies geodesics and isoparametric functions on Finsler spheres.

In this note, we study properties of the gradient map of the isoparametric polynomial. For a given isoparametric hypersurface in sphere, we calculate explicitly the gradient map of its isoparametric polynomial which turns out many interesting phenomenons and applications. We find that it should map not only the focal s…

In this paper, two sequences of minimal isoparametric hypersurfaces are constructed via representations of Clifford algebras. Based on these, we give estimates on eigenvalues of the Laplacian of the focal submanifolds of isoparametric hypersurfaces in unit spheres. This improves results of [TY13] and [TXY14]. Eells and…

This paper is a continuation of [TY12] and [QTY13]. We show that both focal submanifolds of each isoparametric hypersurface in the sphere with six distinct principal curvatures are Willmore.

Study calculates indices and nullities of focal manifolds in spheres.

In this paper we consider on a complete Riemannian manifold $M$ an immersed totally geodesic hypersurface $\Si$ existing together with an immersed submanifold $N$ without focal points. No curvature condition is needed. We obtained several connectedness results relating the topologies of $M$ and $\Si$ which depend on th…

In this paper we study the affine focal set, which is the bifurcation set of the affine distance to submanifolds $N^n$ contained in hypersurfaces $M^{n+1}$ of the $(n+2)$-space. We give condition under which this affine focal set is a regular hypersurface and, for curves in $3$-space, we describe its stable singulariti…

The focal sets of isoparametric hypersurfaces in spheres with g = 4 are all Willmore submanifolds, being minimal but mostly non-Einstein ([TY1], [QTY]). Inspired by A.Gray's view, the present paper shows that, these focal sets are all A- manifolds but rarely Ricci parallel, except possibly for the only unclassified cas…

In this paper, we investigate the mean curvature flows for an equifocal submanifold in a symmetric space of compact type and its focal submanifolds as initial data. It is known that equifocal submanifolds of codimension greater than one in irreducible symmetric spaces of compact type occur as principal orbits of Herman…

New examples of isoparametric families on non-compact symmetric spaces.

The paper defines and studies new types of submanifolds in a unit sphere.

An n-dimensional submanifold X of a projective space P^N (C) is called tangentially degenerate if the rank of its Gauss mapping γ: X ---> G (n, N) satisfies 0 < rank γ< n. The authors systematically study the geometry of tangentially degenerate submanifolds of a projective space $P^N (\mathbf{C})$. By means of the foca…

We prove a formula for the normal injectivity radius(thickness)i(K,M)for C^{1,1} compact submanifolds K^k of complete Riemannian manifolds M^n in terms of geometric focal distance and double critical points. We also prove the C^1 compactness of the set of all compact submanifolds K contained in a compact subset D of a …

In a previous work, we studied isoparametric functions on Riemannian manifolds, especially on exotic spheres. One result there says that, in the family of isoparametric hypersurfaces of a closed Riemannian manifold, there exist at least one minimal isoparametric hypersurface. In this note, we show such minimal isoparam…

Given a Lorentzian manifold $(M,g)$, a geodesic $γ$ in $M$ and a timelike Jacobi field $\mathcal Y$ along $γ$, we introduce a special class of instants along $γ$ that we call $\mathcal Y$-pseudo conjugate (or focal relatively to some initial orthogonal submanifold). We prove that the $\mathcal Y$-pseudo conjugate insta…

Let M be a possibly non compact smooth manifold. We study genericity in the C^k-topology (3<=k<=+infty) of nondegeneracy properties of semi-Riemannian geodesic flows on M. Namely, we prove a new version of the Bumpy Metric Theorem for a such M and also genericity of metrics that do not possess any degenerate geodesics …

The authors study smooth lines on projective planes over the algebra C of complex numbers, the algebra C^1 of double numbers, and the algebra C^0 of dual numbers. In the space RP^5, to these smooth lines there correspond families of straight lines describing point three-dimensional tangentially degenerate submanifolds …

Motivated by the theory of isoparametric hypersurfaces, we study submanifolds whose tubular hypersurfaces have some constant "higher order mean curvatures". Here a $k$-th order mean curvature $Q_k$ ($k\geq1$) of a hypersurface $M^n$ is defined as the $k$-th power sum of the principal curvatures, or equivalently, of the…

Jakobson and Nadirashvili \cite{JN} constructed a sequence of eigenfunctions on $T^2$ with a bounded number of critical points, answering in the negative the question raised by Yau \cite{Yau1} which asks that whether the number of the critical points of eigenfunctions for the Laplacian increases with the corresponding …

A Lie hypersurface in the complex hyperbolic space is a homogeneous real hypersurface without focal submanifolds. The set of all Lie hypersurfaces in the complex hyperbolic space is bijective to a closed interval, which gives a deformation of homogeneous hypersurfaces from the ruled minimal one to the horosphere. In th…

A well known conjecture of Yau states that the first eigenvalue of every closed minimal hypersurface $M^n$ in the unit sphere $S^{n+1}(1)$ is just its dimension $n$. The present paper shows that Yau conjecture is true for minimal isoparametric hypersurfaces. Moreover, the more fascinating result of this paper is that t…

We define and study isoparametric submanifolds of general ambient spaces and of arbitrary codimension. In particular we study their behaviour with respect to Riemannian submersions and their lift into a Hilbert space. These results are used to prove a Chevalley type restriction theorem which relates by restriction eige…

It is shown that a hypersurface of a space form is the initial data for a solution to the mean curvature flow by parallel hypersurfaces if, and only if, it is isoparametric. By solving an ordinary differential equation, explicit solutions are given for all isoparametric hypersurfaces of space forms. In particular, for …

Tight isoparametric hypersurfaces in spheres have minimal critical points.

Study of focal-entropy for class-imbalanced classification.

Study focal surfaces of wave fronts with unbounded curvatures.

Hilbert's 17th problem asks that whether every nonnegative polynomial can be a sum of squares of rational functions. It has been answered affirmatively by Artin. However, the question as to whether a given nonnegative polynomial is a sum of squares of polynomials is still a central question in real algebraic geometry. …

Self-focal points on ellipsoids of dimension 3 or higher are rare.

Study of cuspidal edges on focal surfaces of regular surfaces.

We find many examples of compact Riemannian manifolds $(M,g)$ whose closed minimal hypersurfaces satisfy a lower bound on their index that is linear in their first Betti number. Moreover, we show that these bounds remain valid when the metric $g$ is replaced with $g'$ in a neighbourhood of $g$. Our examples $(M,g)$ con…