arXiv research

Study growth rates of subgroups in groups with a constricting element.

We provide a lower bound for the uniform exponential growth rate of closed nonflat nonpositively curved 3-manifold groups. A detailed study of the uniform exponential growth rate of closed 3-manifold groups is also presented.

Growth of monetary assets and debts is commonly described by the formula of compound interest which for the case of continuous compounding is the exponential growth law. Its differential form is dc/dt = i c where dc/dt describes the rate of monetary growth, i the compounded interest rate and c the actual principal. Exp…

The paper calculates the growth rates of billiard languages in hyperbolic polygons.

Study on harmonic functions in spaces with collapsing behaviors.

Study confined subgroups in groups with contracting elements, showing their growth rate is strictly greater than half of the ambient growth rate.

Growth rate of the world Growth Domestic Product (GDP) is analysed to determine possible pathways of the future economic growth. The analysis is based on using the latest data of the World Bank and it reveals that the growth rate between 1960 and 2014 was following a trajectory approaching asymptotically a constant val…

This paper investigates the statistical properties of within-country GDP and industrial production (IP) growth rate distributions. Many empirical contributions have recently pointed out that cross-section growth rates of firms, industries and countries all follow Laplace distributions. In this work, we test whether als…

Let Mod(S) denote the mapping class group of a compact, orientable surface S. We prove that finitely generated subgroups of Mod(S) which are not virtually abelian have uniform exponential growth with minimal growth rate bounded below by a constant depending only, and necessarily, on S. For the proof, we find in any suc…

We show that the regulator, which is the difference between the homology torsion and the combinatorial Ray-Singer torsion, of fnite abelian coverings of a fixed complex has sub-exponential growth rate.

We prove exponential growth rate of contractible closed geodesics for an arbitrary bumpy metric on manifolds of the form X#Y, where the fundamental group of X has a subgroup of finite index at least 3 and Y is simply connected and not a homotopy sphere.

We consider a stochastic model of investment on an asset of a stock market for a prudent investor. She decides to buy permanent goods with a fraction $\a$ of the maximum amount of money owned in her life in order that her economic level never decreases. The optimal strategy is obtained by maximizing the exponential gro…

In the preceding paper we presented empirical results describing the growth of publicly-traded United States manufacturing firms within the years 1974--1993. Our results suggest that the data can be described by a scaling approach. Here, we propose models that may lead to some insight into these phenomena. First, we st…

Study shows exponential growth of knot polynomial tied to Chern-Simons invariant.

Given an automorphism of a free group $F_n$, we consider the following invariants: $e$ is the number of exponential strata (an upper bound for the number of different exponential growth rates of conjugacy classes); $d$ is the maximal degree of polynomial growth of conjugacy classes; $R$ is the rank of the fixed subgrou…

In an evolutionary system in which the rules of mutation are local in nature, the number of possible outcomes after $m$ mutations is an exponential function of $m$ but with a rate that depends only on the set of rules and not the size of the original object. We apply this principle to find a uniform upper bound for the…

Study proves uniqueness of asymptotic limits for specific manifolds.

Catapult phase in neural nets shows exponential loss growth before quick decrease.

We show that the entropy of a hyperbolic group acting on its ideal boundary is closely related to the exponential rate of its growth.

Let l be a link of d components. For every finite-index lattice in Z^d there is an associated finite abelian cover of S^3 branched over l. We show that the order of the torsion subgroup of the first homology of these covers has exponential growth rate equal to the logarithmic Mahler measure of the Alexander polynomial …

We report the proof that the extension of Gibrat's law in the middle scale region is unique and the probability distribution function (pdf) is also uniquely derived from the extended Gibrat's law and the law of detailed balance. In the proof, two approximations are employed. The pdf of growth rate is described as tent-…

Existence of Radner equilibrium proven with growing population.

Investigates the relationship between US money supply and asset indices over 2001-2019.

Study shows torsion grows subexponentially in book of I-bundles but can grow exponentially in non-regular covers.

We observe that a sharp result on the exponential growth rate of the number of primitive elements exists for the free group on two generators.

This paper considers multi-dimensional affine processes with continuous sample paths. By analyzing the Riccati system, which is associated with affine processes via the transform formula, we fully characterize the regions of exponents in which exponential moments of a given process do not explode at any time or explode…

In this paper we develop an asymptotic analysis for formal and actual solutions of q-difference equations, under a regularity assumption. In particular, evaluations of regular solutions of regular q-difference equations have an exponential growth rate which can be computed from the q-difference equation. The motivation…

Study growth rates of automorphisms of special groups.

Groups on CAT(0) cube complexes grow exponentially uniformly.

Study on multiplicities in length spectrum of Salem numbers.

The complexity of a finite connected graph is its number of spanning trees; for a non-connected graph it is the product of complexities of its connected components. If $G$ is an infinite graph with cofinite free ${\mathbb Z}^d$-symmetry, then the logarithmic Mahler measure $m(Δ)$ of its Laplacian polynomial $Δ$ is the …

This paper presents a general solution for a recent model by Keen for endogenous money creation. The solution provides an analytic framework that explains all significant dynamical features of Keen's model and their parametric dependence, including an exact result for both the period and subsidence rate of the Great Mo…

We present a preferential attachment growth model to obtain the distribution $P(K)$ of number of units $K$ in the classes which may represent business firms or other socio-economic entities. We found that $P(K)$ is described in its central part by a power law with an exponent $φ=2+b/(1-b)$ which depends on the probabil…

We determine the distribution of size and growthrates of German business firms in 1987-1997. We find a log-normal size distribution. The distribution of growth rates has fat tails. It can be fitted to an exponential in a narrow central region and is dominated by finite-sample-size effects far in its wings. We study the…

The study shows that the visible range from a point on harmonic manifolds follows an exponential distribution.

Exponential growth of stable subgroups in Morse geodesics.

The study examines exceptional sets for radial limits of superharmonic functions on curved manifolds.

We give several sufficient conditions for uniform exponential growth in the setting of virtually torsion-free hierarchically hyperbolic groups. For example, any hierarchically hyperbolic group that is also acylindrically hyperbolic has uniform exponential growth. In addition, we provide a quasi-isometric characterizati…

Quasimorphisms and pseudo-Anosov flows

We introduce a model of proportional growth to explain the distribution of business firm growth rates. The model predicts that the distribution is exponential in the central part and depicts an asymptotic power-law behavior in the tails with an exponent 3. Because of data limitations, previous studies in this field hav…

Minimal graphs over simply connected domains grow at most exponentially.

New hyperbolic manifolds show exponential homology torsion growth.

Extends growth properties of hyperbolic groups to their extensions.

We report the proof that the expression of extended Gibrat's law is unique and the probability distribution function (pdf) is also uniquely derived from the law of detailed balance and the extended Gibrat's law. In the proof, two approximations are employed that the pdf of growth rate is described as tent-shaped expone…

Ancient solutions on a strip are constant if polynomial, and have finite-dimensional space for slower growth.

For any geodesic current we associated a quasi-metric space. For a subclass of geodesic currents, called filling, it defines a metric and we study the critical exponent associated to this space. We show that is is equal to the exponential growth rate of the intersection function for closed curves.

Study on the growth of colored Jones polynomial for figure-eight knot cables.

This paper solves the problem of optimal dynamic consumption, investment, and healthcare spending with isoelastic utility, when natural mortality grows exponentially to reflect Gompertz' law and investment opportunities are constant. Healthcare slows the natural growth of mortality, indirectly increasing utility from c…