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arXiv research

A locally-built, LLM-digested index of recent arXiv papers in quant finance, geometry/topology, and statistical ML — keyword search served straight from SQLite on this machine.

168,742 papers · 148 categories

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471114 · Oct 202519922001200920172026
48 results for exchange-traded funds

A leveraged exchange traded fund (LETF) is an exchange traded fund that uses financial derivatives to amplify the price changes of a basket of goods. In this paper, we consider the robust hedging of European options on a LETF, finding model-free bounds on the price of these options. To obtain an upper bound, we establi…

2017-02-23abs ↗pdf ↗

The study forecasts ETF return direction using machine learning models.

problem Predicting the direction of ETF returns for investment decisions.
method Applied regression and classification models to historical ETF component data.
result Models outperformed naive and buy & hold strategies, especially linear regression and logistic regression.

The paper uses clustering and integer programming to optimize stock selection for investment funds.

problem Maximizing profits and minimizing risk in stock markets.
method Data-oriented analysis and clustering techniques with integer programming.
result Reconstructed NASDAQ 100 index fund example demonstrates effectiveness.

Investors can enhance their portfolios by strategically using LETFs, especially with dynamic strategies.

problem Unsuitability of passive or static approaches to LETFs leads to undesirable risk-return profiles.
method Demonstrated the effectiveness of simple dynamic strategies in exploiting favorable Omega ratio dynamics.
result Dynamic strategies can exploit the compounding effect of LETFs, improving risk-return profiles.

We use the 2014 market history of two high-returning biotechnology exchange-traded funds to illustrate how ex post mean-variance analysis should not be done. Unfortunately, the way it should not be done is the way it generally is done -- to our knowledge.

2018-10-25abs ↗pdf ↗

Investigate using LETFs to outperform benchmarks, finding them more likely to succeed.

problem The controversy and popularity of LETFs in constructing portfolios.
method Systematic investigation using IR-optimal strategies with LETFs and VETFs, including neural network-based approaches.
result IR-optimal strategies with LETFs outperform benchmarks and achieve partial stochastic dominance.

Study categorizes mutual funds using natural language processing from unstructured data.

problem Categorizing mutual funds using unstructured data for financial analysis.
method Used natural language processing models to classify mutual funds from their investment strategy descriptions.
result High accuracy in categorizing mutual funds using NLP from unstructured data.

We review the dynamics of the returns of Leveraged Exchange Traded Funds (LETFs) and propose a new measure of realized volatility: Shortfall from Maximum Convexity. We show that SMC has a more intuitive interpretation and provides more statistical information compared to the traditionally used sample standard deviation…

2015-10-04abs ↗pdf ↗

Complex contagion model explains financial fire sales through continuous asset prices.

problem Modeling financial fire sales with a continuum of asset prices.
method Developed a threshold model of continuous-state cascades using real values for asset prices.
result Discretization approach accurately replicates the distribution of defaulted banks and asset prices.

The paper explores perpetual contracts in a financial market without arbitrage.

problem Modeling perpetual contracts in a continuous-time financial market.
method Derive model-free and semi-robust expressions for perpetual contracts' funding and discount rates.
result Explicit replication strategies for perpetual contracts are derived, relating them to traditional financial instruments.

Quantum optimization for portfolios with risk and diversification constraints.

problem Implementing complex constraints in portfolio optimization for financial applications.
method Transformed portfolio optimization into a quadratic binary optimization problem suitable for quantum annealers.
result Demonstrated practical implementation of daily constraints in real data using quantum processors.

ETFs with 2x and 3x leverage underperformed the S&P 500 index due to compounding and volatility.

problem ETFs with higher leverage failed to match the performance of the underlying index.
method Analyzed the performance of leveraged ETFs compared to the S&P 500 index, accounting for compounding and volatility.
result Two-thirds of the underperformance was due to compounding and volatility, with the rest due to covariance.

This paper considers the problem of isolating a small number of exchange traded funds (ETFs) that suffice to capture the fundamental dimensions of variation in U.S. financial markets. First, the data is fit to a vector-valued Bayesian regression model, which is a matrix-variate generalization of the well known stochast…

2015-10-12abs ↗pdf ↗

Shorting IG ETFs can hedge bond portfolios during market drawdowns effectively.

problem Managing downside risk in bond portfolios during market crises.
method Constructing three signals (Momentum, Liquidity, Credit) to dynamically hedge short IG positions.
result Dynamic hedge removes when predicted hedged return mean reverts, achieving higher returns and Sortino ratios.

A classification of companies into sectors of the economy is important for macroeconomic analysis and for investments into the sector-specific financial indices and exchange traded funds (ETFs). Major industrial classification systems and financial indices have historically been based on expert opinion and developed ma…

2015-03-20abs ↗pdf ↗

A fractal approach to the long-short portfolio optimization is proposed. The algorithmic system based on the composition of market-neutral spreads into a single entity was considered. The core of the optimization scheme is a fractal walk model of returns, optimizing a risk aversion according to the investment horizon. …

2016-12-09abs ↗pdf ↗

Quantum computing tackles non-convex portfolio optimization with cardinality constraints.

problem Non-convex portfolio optimization problems in asset management.
method Application of quantum annealing with non-linear cardinality constraints.
result Quantum portfolio optimization yields smaller, more profitable portfolios.

We investigate the relative information efficiency of financial markets by measuring the entropy of the time series of high frequency data. Our tool to measure efficiency is the Shannon entropy, applied to 2-symbol and 3-symbol discretisations of the data. Analysing 1-minute and 5-minute price time series of 55 Exchang…

2016-09-14abs ↗pdf ↗

Bitcoin's integration with major financial indices intensifies, suggesting a shift from alternative to integrated asset.

problem Understanding Bitcoin's evolving role in financial markets and its correlation dynamics.
method Rolling-window correlation, static correlation coefficients, and event-study framework on daily data from 2018 to 2025.
result Correlation levels between Bitcoin and major indices reached 0.87 in 2024, indicating a more integrated role.

The paper finds optimal ways to combine ETFs to minimize costs for investors.

problem Finding the best combination of ETFs to match a target gearing ratio at the lowest expense.
method Linear programming and convex geometry to prove the two-fund theorem for ETFs.
result The cheapest way to achieve a target gearing ratio is by combining the two nearest undominated ETF products.

Commodity exchange-traded funds (ETFs) are a significant part of the rapidly growing ETF market. They have become popular in recent years as they provide investors access to a great variety of commodities, ranging from precious metals to building materials, and from oil and gas to agricultural products. In this article…

2016-10-28abs ↗pdf ↗

The paper prices and replicates various financial contracts on a risky asset with stochastic volatility and jumps.

problem Pricing and replicating financial contracts on assets with stochastic volatility and jumps.
method Develops pricing and hedging formulas for various financial contracts, independent of the volatility process dynamics.
result Pricing and hedging formulas for financial contracts are derived without dependence on the volatility process dynamics.

The article presents a new entropy model for assessing stock market interest.

problem Assessing investor interest and market sentiment in exchange-traded securities.
method Intrinsic entropy model using actual trading data, without exogenous factors.
result Empirical evidence supports the model's ability to predict trading activity.

Machine learning models outperform traditional technical analysis in Bitcoin trading.

problem Maximizing profits in the Bitcoin market using trading signals.
method Comparison of machine learning models (LightGBM, LSTM) and technical analysis strategies (EMA, MACD+ADX).
result LSTM model achieved a 65.23% cumulative return over a year, significantly outperforming other strategies.

Paper proposes a novel stock forecasting method combining attention and EMD.

problem Challenges in forecasting stock movement due to noise and lack of stock market information.
method Uses attention mechanism to consider both stock market and individual stock information, and EMD for noise reduction.
result Proposed method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baselines.

This paper analyzes the robust growth rate of leveraged ETFs under uncertain parameters.

problem Analyzing the robust long-term growth rate of leveraged ETFs with uncertain parameters.
method Derive worst-case parameters using comparison principle and martingale extraction method.
result Explicitly obtain robust long-term growth rates under various models.

Statistical arbitrage strategies, such as pairs trading and its generalizations, rely on the construction of mean-reverting spreads enjoying a certain degree of predictability. Gaussian linear state-space processes have recently been proposed as a model for such spreads under the assumption that the observed process is…

2008-08-12abs ↗pdf ↗

Adaptive portfolio outperforms static alternatives by 120% over 5 years.

problem Achieving strong and stable long-term performance in diversified portfolios.
method RL-BHRP: A two-level, learning-based approach that adjusts sector and stock exposures dynamically.
result Adaptive portfolio outperforms static alternatives by 120% over 5 years.

We develop a new market-making model, from the ground up, which is tailored towards high-frequency trading under a limit order book (LOB), based on the well-known classification of order types in market microstructure. Our flexible framework allows arbitrary order volume, price jump, and bid-ask spread distributions as…

2019-03-18abs ↗pdf ↗

I consider unsupervised extensions of the fast stepwise linear regression algorithm \cite{efroymson1960multiple}. These extensions allow one to efficiently identify highly-representative feature variable subsets within a given set of jointly distributed variables. This in turn allows for the efficient dimensional reduc…

2017-06-10abs ↗pdf ↗

Enhanced indexation uses equity and index options for better performance.

problem Improving portfolio performance through enhanced indexation.
method Integrating index options into an enhanced indexation strategy based on second-order stochastic dominance.
result Introducing option strategies in enhanced indexation leads to improved out-of-sample performance.