arXiv research

Obtaining continuous representations of structural data such as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) has gained attention in machine learning and artificial intelligence. However, embedding complex DAGs in which both ancestors and descendants of nodes are exponentially increasing is difficult. Tackling in this problem, we de…

This is a survey of our work on embedded minimal disks.

We show that if C is a simple closed curve bounding an embedded disk in a closed 3-manifold M, then there exists a disk D in M with boundary C such that D minimizes the area among the embedded disks with boundary C. Moreover, D is smooth, minimal and embedded everywhere except where the boundary C meets the interior of…

4D theorem for disks, generalizing previous work.

Disk and sphere graphs embed quasi-isometrically into Euclidean spaces.

The disk embedding lemma is a technique underlying the topological classification results in 4-manifold topology for good fundamental groups. The purpose of this paper is to develop new tools for disk embedding that work up to s-cobordism, without restrictions on the fundamental group. As an application we show that a …

We compute the group of link homotopy classes of link maps of two 2-spheres into 4-space. It turns out to be free abelian, generated by geometric constructions applied to the Fenn-Rolfsen link map and detected by two self-intersection invariants introduced by Paul Kirk in this setting. As a corollary, we show that any …

In this paper we prove a theorem concerning lamination limits of sequences of compact disks $M_n$ embedded in $\mathbb{R}^3$ with constant mean curvature $H_n$, when the boundaries of these disks tend to infinity. This theorem generalizes to the non-zero constant mean curvature case Theorem 0.1 by Colding and Minicozzi…

We prove a chord arc bound for disks embedded in $\mathbb{R}^3$ with constant mean curvature. This bound does not depend on the value of the mean curvature. It is inspired by and generalizes the work of Colding and Minicozzi in [2] for embedded minimal disks. Like in the minimal case, this chord arc bound is a fundamen…

In this paper we prove an extrinsic one-sided curvature estimate for disks embedded in $\mathbb{R}^3$ with constant mean curvature which is independent of the value of the constant mean curvature. We apply this extrinsic one-sided curvature estimate in [24] to prove to prove a weak chord arc type result for these disks…

We construct a sequence of embedded minimal disks in a ball where the curvatures blow up only at the center. The sequence converges to a limit which is not smooth and not proper.

The study proves the existence of free boundary minimal disks in convex regions.

The paper proves the existence of capillary geodesics on Riemannian 2-disks.

Proves existence of non-planar minimal disks in ellipsoids.

Any sequence of properly embedded minimal disks in an open subset U of Euclidean 3-space has a subsequence such that the curvatures blow up on a relatively closed subset K of U and such that the disks converge in the complement of K to a minimal lamination of U\K. Assuming results of Colding-Minicozzi and an extension …

We consider two natural classes of minimal laminations in three-manifolds. Both classes may be thought of as limits - in different senses - of embedded minimal disks. In both cases, we prove that, under a natural geometric assumption on the three-manifold, the leaves of these laminations are topologically either disks,…

We show that a smooth unknotted curve in R^3 satisfies an isoperimetric inequality that bounds the area of an embedded disk spanning the curve in terms of two parameters: the length L of the curve and the thickness r (maximal radius of an embedded tubular neighborhood) of the curve. For fixed length, the expression giv…

The goal of the article is to provide different explicit quantifications of the non density of simple closed geodesics on hyperbolic surfaces. In particular, we show that within any embedded metric disk on a surface, lies a disk of radius only depending on the topology of the surface (and the size of the first embedded…

We generalize Meeks and Yau's embeddedness result on the solutions of the Plateau problem to the constant mean curvature disks. We show that any minimizing H-disk in an H_0-convex domain is embedded for any H in [0,H_0). In particular, for the unit ball B in R^3, this implies that for any H in [0,1], any Jordan curve i…

After appropriate normalizations an embedded disk whose second fundamental form has large norm contains a multi-valued graph, provided the L^P norm of the mean curvature is sufficiently small. This generalizes to non-minimal surfaces a well known result of Colding and Minicozzi.

For any prescribed closed subset of a line segment in Euclidean 3-space, we construct a sequence of minimal disks that are properly embedded in an open solid cylinder around the segment and that have curvatures blowing up precisely at the points of the closed set.

This paper is the second in a series where we attempt to give a complete description of the space of all embedded minimal surfaces of fixed genus in a fixed (but arbitrary) closed 3-manifold. The key for understanding such surfaces is to understand the local structure in a ball and in particular the structure of an emb…

New method for classifying disk embeddings in 4-manifolds.

We show that an embedded minimal disk in R^3 with large curvature is bilipschitz with a piece of a helicoid. Additionally, a simplified proof of the uniqueness of the helicoid is provided.

This paper is the fourth in a series where we describe the space of all embedded minimal surfaces of fixed genus in a fixed (but arbitrary) closed 3-manifold. The key is to understand the structure of an embedded minimal disk in a ball in $\RR^3$. This was undertaken in [CM3], [CM4] and the global version of it will be…

Classifies fake surfaces up to complexity 5.

New examples show non-locally-flat PL-disk bounds in rational homology balls but not in integer homology balls.

This paper is the first in a series where we attempt to give a complete description of the space of all embedded minimal surfaces of fixed genus in a fixed (but arbitrary) closed Riemannian 3-manifold. The key for understanding such surfaces is to understand the local structure in a ball and in particular the structure…

It is shown that given any link-manifold, there is an algorithm to decide if the manifold contains an embedded, essential planar surface; if it does, the algorithm will construct one. If a slope on the boundary of the link-manifold is given, there is an algorithm to determine if the slope bounds an embedded punctured-d…

Compact Special Weingarten surfaces with planar convex boundaries are disks.

Disk and sphere graphs embed quasi-isometrically in R^2.

In this paper we construct some invariants of spatial graphs by disk-summing the constituent knots and show the delta edge-homotopy invariance of them. As an application, we show that there exist infinitely many slice spatial embeddings of a planar graph up to delta edge-homotopy, and there exist infinitely many bounda…

Using spinning we analyze in a geometric way Haefliger's smoothly knotted (4k-1)-spheres in the 6k-sphere. Consider the 2-torus standardly embedded in the 3-sphere, which is further standardly embedded in the 6-sphere. At each point of the 2-torus we have the normal disk pair: a 4-dimensional disk and a 1-dimensional p…

The paper develops obstructions for embedding 2D complexes into 4D space.

Classifies fibered ribbon pretzels, except for a few cases.

Extending an example by Colding and Minicozzi, we construct a sequence of properly embedded minimal disks $Σ_i$ in an infinite Euclidean cylinder around the $x_3$-axis with curvature blow-up at a single point. The sequence converges to a non smooth and non proper minimal lamination in the cylinder. Moreover, we show th…

We develop a theory of "minimal $θ$-graphs" and characterize the behavior of limit laminations of such surfaces, including an understanding of their limit leaves and their curvature blow-up sets. We use this to prove that it is possible to realize families of catenoids in euclidean space as limit leaves of sequences of…

For a 3-manifold M and a subsurface $X$ of the boundary of M with empty or incompressible boundary we use surgery to identify a graph whose vertices are disks with boundary in X and which is quasi-isometrically embedded in the curve graph of X.

This paper is the fifth and final in a series on embedded minimal surfaces. Following our earlier papers on disks, we prove here two main structure theorems for non-simply connected embedded minimal surfaces of any given fixed genus. The first of these asserts that any such surface without small necks can be obtained b…

Let $X$ be a compact Riemann surface of genus $\geq 2$ of constant negative curvature -1. An extremal disk is an embedded (resp. covering) disk of maximal (resp. minimal) radius. A surface containing an extremal disk is an {\em extremal surface}. This paper gives formulas enumerating extremal surfaces of genus $\geq 4$…

Minimal surfaces with uniform curvature (or area) bounds have been well understood and the regularity theory is complete, yet essentially nothing was known without such bounds. We discuss here the theory of embedded (i.e., without self-intersections) minimal surfaces in Euclidean 3-space without a priori bounds. The st…

The study embeds graphs on translation surfaces, proving essential-systolic embeddings and estimating surface genera.

The coherent state representation of the Jacobi group $G^J_1$ is indexed with two parameters, $μ(=\frac{1}{\hbar})$, describing the part coming from the Heisenberg group, and $k$, characterizing the positive discrete series representation of $\text{SU}(1,1)$. The Ricci form, the scalar curvature and the geodesics of th…

Let $K$ be a closed polygonal curve in $\RR^3$ consisting of $n$ line segments. Assume that $K$ is unknotted, so that it is the boundary of an embedded disk in $\RR^3$. This paper considers the question: How many triangles are needed to triangulate a Piecewise-Linear (PL) spanning disk of $K$? The main result exhibits …

In this paper we study the mean curvature flow of embedded disks with free boundary on an embedded cylinder or generalised cone of revolution, called the support hypersurface. We determine regions of the interior of the support hypersurface such that initial data is driven to a curvature singularity in finite time or e…

Spheres in curve complexes are almost simply connected.

New Khovanov homology for links with multiple punctures.

The study finds at least 2 free-boundary minimal disks in convex 3-balls.