We give an algorithm to compute stable commutator length in free products of cyclic groups which is polynomial time in the length of the input, the number of factors, and the orders of the finite factors. We also describe some experimental and theoretical applications of this algorithm.
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Invariants for singular knots and links using non-commutative cocycles.
problem Creating invariants for singular knots and links.
method Defining universal group and functions for non-commutative cocycles, and computing examples.
result Invariants for singular knots and links defined using non-commutative cocycles.
Proves that emergent algebras right-distributivity implies left-distributivity.
problem Proving the implication between emergent algebra distributivity conditions.
method Analyzing families of quasigroup operations indexed by commutative groups.
result Emergent algebras right-distributive imply left-distributive.
New algebraic structures on manifolds generalize supergeometry concepts.
problem Developing algebraic structures for non-commutative manifolds.
method Introducing -commutative manifolds, Q-manifolds, and modular classes.
result Generalized modular classes for non-commutative spaces.
Each element of the commutator subgroup of a group can be represented as a product of commutators. The minimal number of factors in such a product is called the commutator length of the element. The commutator length of a group is defined as the supremum of commutator lengths of elements of its commutator subgroup. We …
The shape operator and induced almost contact structure of nearly Kahler hypersurfaces do not commute.
problem Characterizing hypersurfaces in nearly Kahler spaces.
method Construction of twistor spaces and analysis of shape operators and induced structures.
result The shape operator and induced almost contact structure of nearly Kahler hypersurfaces do not commute.
Doodles link to commutator identities in a 2-sphere.
problem Understanding commutator identities in free groups via doodles.
method Analyzing doodles with proper noose systems and establishing bijections.
result A bijection between doodles and commutator identities.
Study on deformation cohomology for braided commutative structures.
problem Classifying and understanding deformations of braided commutative algebras.
method Extending Yang-Baxter Hochschild cohomology to braided commutative deformations.
result Classifies infinitesimal deformations of braided algebras that are braided commutative.
Examining singularities of commuting vector fields on submanifolds.
problem Understanding singularities of commuting vector fields on submanifolds.
method Analyzing real submanifolds within Kähler manifolds.
result Characterized singularities of commuting vector fields.
A sufficient knowledge of the demographics of a commuting public is essential in formulating and implementing more targeted transportation policies, as commuters exhibit different ways of traveling. With the advent of the Automated Fare Collection system (AFC), probing the travel patterns of commuters has become less i…
Study on infinite-type surfaces shows stable commutator length is continuous and defines open subgroups.
problem Understanding stable commutator length on infinite-type surfaces.
method Analyzing mapping class groups of infinite-type surfaces, showing continuity and openness of commutator subgroups.
result Stable commutator length defines a continuous function on commutator subgroups of infinite-type mapping class groups.
New proof and description of commutator subgroups for free and surface groups.
problem Understanding commutator subgroups of free and surface groups.
method Geometric proof and representation-theoretic description.
result New free generating sets and structure descriptions for commutator subgroups.
Develops a kernel for financial time series analysis.
problem Measuring similarity between evolving financial networks.
method Commute time matrix, dynamic time warping, Shannon entropy.
result Proposes a kernel for financial time series analysis.
We prove trace identities for commutators of operators, which are used to derive sum rules and sharp universal bounds for the eigenvalues of periodic Schroedinger operators and Schroedinger operators on immersed manifolds. In particular, we prove bounds on the eigenvalue lambda_{N+1} in terms of the lower spectrum, bou…
Formulae for non-symmetric connections derived from covariant derivatives.
problem Deriving commutation formulae for non-symmetric affine connections.
method Covariant derivatives of tensors with respect to symmetric and non-symmetric affine connections.
result Formulae for non-symmetric connections derived from covariant derivatives.
The paper studies Riemannian metrics on Lie groups with specific commutator subgroups.
problem Investigating Riemannian metrics on Lie groups with commutator subgroups of dimensions 1 and 2.
method Explicitly provided Levi-Civita connection, sectional curvature, and Ricci curvature; computed necessary and sufficient conditions for Ricci solitons; characterized Ricci solitons on Lie groups with one-dimensional commutator subgroups; examined indecomposable Lie groups with two-dimensional commutator subgroups.
result Characterization of all Ricci solitons on Lie groups with one-dimensional commutator subgroups and examination of indecomposable Lie groups with two-dimensional commutator subgroups.
Homotopy commutativity in quasitoric manifolds depends on polytope structure and characteristic matrix type.
problem Conditions for homotopy commutativity in quasitoric manifolds.
method Analyzing characteristic matrices and polytope structures.
result Homotopy commutativity is determined by specific polytope and matrix conditions.
Study introduces dynamical ideals for non-commutative rings and classifies knots and links.
problem Classifying surface knots and links in smooth 4-manifolds.
method Introduced dynamical analog of prime ideals for non-commutative rings and proved a factorization theorem.
result Classified surface knots and links in smooth 4-manifolds.
Covariance as a commutatormath.ST
Covariance is shown as a commutator in random variable calculus.
problem Expressing covariance as a commutator of operators.
method Demonstrated through commutator identities involving expectations and products of functions.
result Revealed the underlying Lie algebraic structure in efficient influence curve calculus.
Every homeomorphism of Euclidean space is a commutator of two homeomorphisms.
problem Understanding the structure of homeomorphisms in Euclidean space.
method Proving every orientation-preserving homeomorphism can be written as a commutator of two such homeomorphisms.
result Every orientation-preserving homeomorphism of Euclidean space is a commutator of two homeomorphisms.
We show that solutions of Thurston equation on triangulated 3-manifolds in a commutative ring carry topological information. We also introduce a homogeneous Thurston equation and a commutative ring associated to triangulated 3-manifolds.
We show that the mapping class group of any closed connected orientable surface of genus at least five is generated by only two commutators, and if the genus is three or four, by three commutators.
The braid group's commutator subgroup is generated by two elements for n ≥ 7.
problem Generating the smallest possible generating sets for the commutator subgroup of braid groups.
method Analyzing specific cases of braid groups (n=4, 6, 5, 7+) to find generating sets of minimal size.
result For n ≥ 7, the commutator subgroup of the braid group is generated by two elements.
We give new upper bounds on the stable commutator lengths of Dehn twists in mapping class groups and new lower bounds on the stable commutator lengths of Dehn twists in hyperelliptic mapping class groups. In particular, we show that the stable commutator lengths of Dehn twists about a nonseparating and a separating cur…
Survey on invariant quasimorphisms and their relation to stable commutator length.
problem Understanding the relationship between invariant quasimorphisms and stable commutator length.
method Review of existing methods and examples in invariant quasimorphisms and their relation to stable commutator length.
result The existence of non-extendable invariant quasimorphisms is closely related to the behavior of stable mixed commutator length.
Non-compact inaudibility of weak symmetry and commutativity via generalized Heisenberg groupsmath.DG
Paper proves non-compact inaudibility of symmetry and commutativity.
problem Proving inaudibility of symmetry and commutativity in non-compact settings.
method Using isospectral pairs of generalized Heisenberg groups.
result Proved inaudibility of weak symmetry and commutativity.
We discuss the distribution of commuting distances and its relation to income. Using data from Denmark, the UK, and the US, we show that the commuting distance is (i) broadly distributed with a slow decaying tail that can be fitted by a power law with exponent and (ii) an average growing slowly as a power …
In this paper, we introduce a new commuting condition between the structure Jacobi operator and symmetric (1,1)-type tensor field , that is, , where or for Hopf hypersurfaces in complex hyperbolic two-plane Grassmannians. By using simultaneous diagonalzation for commuting symmetric operators…
We introduce the notion of commuting Ricci tensor for real hypersurfaces in the complex quadric . It is shown that the commuting Ricci tensor gives that the unit normal vector field becomes -principal or -isotropic. Then according to each case, we give a complete classifi…
The paper defines constraints for commuting endomorphisms in generalized tangent bundles.
problem Identifying constraints for commuting endomorphisms in generalized tangent bundles.
method Using Gröbner basis techniques to construct and study tensors forming ideals.
result Explicit construction and study of tensors forming ideals of commuting endomorphisms.
Let be the welded (or loop) braid group on n strands, . We investigate commutator subgroup of . We prove that the commutator subgroup is finitely generated and Hopfian. We show that is perfect if and only if . We also compute finite presentation for , the commuta…
An arbitrary homomorphism between groups is nonincreasing for stable commutator length, and there are infinitely many (injective) homomorphisms between free groups which strictly decrease the stable commutator length of some elements. However, we show in this paper that a random homomorphism between free groups is almo…
For any group, there is a natural (pseudo-)norm on the vector space B1 of real (group) 1-boundaries, called the stable commutator length norm. This norm is closely related to, and can be thought of as a relative version of, the Gromov (pseudo)-norm on (ordinary) homology. We show that for a free group, the unit ball of…
The paper finds commutator formulas for Gradient Ricci Shrinker metrics and applies them to linear stability.
problem Linear stability of Gradient Ricci Shrinker metrics.
method Found commutator formulas and generalized a stability theorem.
result Generalized a necessary condition for linear stability.
Commuting foliationsmath.DG
The aim of this paper is to extend the notion of commutativity of vector fields to the category of singular foliations, using Nambu structures, i.e. integrable multi-vector fields. We will classify the relationship between singular foliations and Nambu structures, and show some basic results about commuting Nambu struc…
We define a "sutured topological quantum field theory", motivated by the study of sutured Floer homology of product 3-manifolds, and contact elements. We study a rich algebraic structure of suture elements in sutured TQFT, showing that it corresponds to contact elements in sutured Floer homology. We use this approach t…
We study q-holonomic sequences that arise as the colored Jones polynomial of knots in 3-space. The minimal-order recurrence for such a sequence is called the (non-commutative) A-polynomial of a knot. Using the "method of guessing", we obtain this polynomial explicitly for the K_p = (-2, 3, 3+2p) pretzel knots for p = -…
The quaternions are non-commutative. The deviation from commutativity is encapsulated in the commutator of unit quaternions. It is known that the k-th power of the commutator is null-homotopic if and only if k is divisible by 12. The main purpose of this paper is to construct a concrete null-homotopy of the 12-th power…
Study mixed commutator lengths in wreath products and their relation to general ranks.
problem Understanding mixed commutator lengths in wreath products and their relation to general ranks.
method Analyzing wreath products and determining mixed commutator lengths in terms of general rank.
result Mixed commutator lengths and ordinary commutator lengths coincide under certain conditions.
Establishes a duality theorem connecting quasimorphisms and commutator lengths in group theory.
problem Connecting quasimorphisms and commutator lengths in group theory.
method Geometric interpretation and algebraic proof of -commutator lengths.
result Bi-Lipschitz equivalence of scl on under certain conditions.
Reinterprets quantization commutes with reduction using KK-theory.
problem Quantization commutes with reduction in geometric quantization.
method Uses KK-theory and recent formalism by Kasparov to simplify and clarify the index theoretic parts.
result Shows conceptual simplifications and clearer relationship to Ma-Tian-Zhang approach.
New framework for noncommutative Carrollian geometry using Lie-Rinehart pairs.
problem Developing a geometric framework for ultra-relativistic physics in noncommutative settings.
method Using ρ-Lie-Rinehart pairs to generalize Carrollian Lie algebroids to almost commutative geometry.
result Foundational principles of Carrollian geometry hold in almost commutative geometry.
Study on stable mixed commutator length in coarse group theory.
problem Understanding the large scale behavior of stable mixed commutator length in group theory.
method Introducing a bi-invariant metric function and connecting it to coarse group theoretic structures and invariant quasimorphisms.
result Proved that the coarse kernel of the coarse homomorphism is isomorphic to Z^ℓ as a coarse group.
Study of Hermitian structures on Lie groups with 2D commutator subgroups.
problem Classifying Hermitian structures on Lie groups with specific commutator subgroups.
method Explicit classification of Type I and Type II structures, computation of Bismut connections, and examples of Kahler structures.
result Classification of Kahler structures within Type I and Type II structures.
We characterize Riemannian manifolds of constant sectional curvature in terms of commutation properties of their Jacobi operators.
Let , resp. denote the virtual, resp. welded, braid group on strands. We study their commutator subgroups and, respectively. We obtain a set of generators and defining relations for these commutator subgroups. In particular, we prove that is finitel…
Study geometric structures and their interactions under different metrics.
problem Understanding interactions between geometric structures under various metrics.
method Analyzing generalized polynomial structures and their behavior under different metrics on the generalized tangent bundle.
result Showed the commutation or anti-commutation of generalized polynomial structures forming triple structures.
Smooth structures on infinite dimensional Grassmannians and non-commutative cross-ratios.
problem Smooth structures on infinite dimensional Grassmannians and non-commutative cross-ratios.
method Analyzing and expanding the notion of non-commutative cross-ratios, proving their smoothness.
result Smoothness of non-commutative cross-ratios.