arXiv research

Paper explores unsupervised learning for ultrasound image artifact removal.

Single CNN removes multiple ultrasound artifacts.

A new unsupervised method removes CT metal artifacts using beta-CycleGAN and attention.

Accelerated magnetic resonance (MR) scan acquisition with compressed sensing (CS) and parallel imaging is a powerful method to reduce MR imaging scan time. However, many reconstruction algorithms have high computational costs. To address this, we investigate deep residual learning networks to remove aliasing artifacts …

Electroencephalograms (EEG) are often contaminated by artifacts which make interpreting them more challenging for clinicians. Hence, automated artifact recognition systems have the potential to aid the clinical workflow. In this abstract, we share the first results on applying various machine learning algorithms to the…

Conebeam CT using a circular trajectory is quite often used for various applications due to its relative simple geometry. For conebeam geometry, Feldkamp, Davis and Kress algorithm is regarded as the standard reconstruction method, but this algorithm suffers from so-called conebeam artifacts as the cone angle increases…

Image denoising techniques are essential to reducing noise levels and enhancing diagnosis reliability in low-dose computed tomography (CT). Machine learning based denoising methods have shown great potential in removing the complex and spatial-variant noises in CT images. However, some residue artifacts would appear in…

New method corrects motion artifacts in MR images without paired data.

Survival rates for colorectal cancer are higher when polyps are detected at an early stage and can be removed before they develop into malignant tumors. Automated polyp detection, which is dominated by deep learning based methods, seeks to improve early detection of polyps. However, current efforts rely heavily on the …

In this paper, we present a novel approach for fine-tuning a decoder-side neural network in the context of image compression, such that the weight-updates are better compressible. At encoder side, we fine-tune a pre-trained artifact removal network on target data by using a compression objective applied on the weight-u…

Recent work establishes dataset difficulty and removes annotation artifacts via partial-input baselines (e.g., hypothesis-only models for SNLI or question-only models for VQA). When a partial-input baseline gets high accuracy, a dataset is cheatable. However, the converse is not necessarily true: the failure of a parti…

This paper proposes a novel Gaussian process approach to fault removal in time-series data. Fault removal does not delete the faulty signal data but, instead, massages the fault from the data. We assume that only one fault occurs at any one time and model the signal by two separate non-parametric Gaussian process model…

OT-ICA uses optimal transport to find independent components, outperforming traditional methods.

A new loss function for VAEs improves image quality and efficiency.

While Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) trained for image and video super-resolution (SR) regularly achieve new state-of-the-art performance, they also suffer from significant drawbacks. One of their limitations is their lack of robustness to unseen image formation models during training. Other limitations include t…

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have achieved impressive results for many real-world applications. As an active research topic, many GAN variants have emerged with improvements in sample quality and training stability. However, visualization and understanding of GANs is largely missing. How does a GAN represent …

Interior tomography for the region-of-interest (ROI) imaging has advantages of using a small detector and reducing X-ray radiation dose. However, standard analytic reconstruction suffers from severe cupping artifacts due to existence of null space in the truncated Radon transform. Existing penalized reconstruction meth…

Multi-spectral satellite imaging sensors acquire various spectral band images such as red (R), green (G), blue (B), near-infrared (N), etc. Thanks to the unique spectroscopic property of each spectral band with respective to the objects on the ground, multi-spectral satellite imagery can be used for various geological …

Voice conversion (VC) aims at conversion of speaker characteristic without altering content. Due to training data limitations and modeling imperfections, it is difficult to achieve believable speaker mimicry without introducing processing artifacts; performance assessment of VC, therefore, usually involves both speaker…

Audit shows risk claims from distributional reinforcement learning agents are often false.

Incorporating deep neural networks in image compressive sensing (CS) receives intensive attentions in multimedia technology and applications recently. As deep network approaches learn the inverse mapping directly from the CS measurements, the reconstruction speed is significantly faster than the conventional CS algorit…

Many cognitive, sensory and motor processes have correlates in oscillatory neural sources, which are embedded as a subspace into the recorded brain signals. Decoding such processes from noisy magnetoencephalogram/electroencephalogram (M/EEG) signals usually requires the use of data-driven analysis methods. The objectiv…

Study geodesic X-ray transform and streaking artifacts on simple surfaces or spaces of constant curvature.

Paper introduces adversarial lossy compression for video artifacts reduction.

New method uses Wasserstein loss for data unfolding, offering better accuracy than classical techniques.

Single model corrects JPEG artifacts for various compression settings.

Improved variational inequality algorithms using adaptive step sizes.

High concentration agricultural facilities such as vertical farms or plant factories consider hydroponic techniques as optimal solutions. Although closed-system dramatically reduces water consumption and pollution issues, it has ion-ratio related problem. As the root absorbs individual ions with different rate, ion rat…

The paper detects and identifies bias in data using a counterfactual approach.

By using the viewpoint of modern computational algebraic geometry, we explore properties of the optimization landscapes of the deep linear neural network models. After clarifying on the various definitions of "flat" minima, we show that the geometrically flat minima, which are merely artifacts of residual continuous sy…

Interpretation of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals can be complicated by obfuscating artifacts. Artifact detection plays an important role in the observation and analysis of EEG signals. Spatial information contained in the placement of the electrodes can be exploited to accurately detect artifacts. However, when few…

L-CNNs approximate gauge actions, revealing fixed points with no lattice artifacts.

In this paper, we propose a fixed convolutional layer with an order of smoothness not only for avoiding checkerboard artifacts in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) but also for enhancing the performance of CNNs, where the smoothness of its filter kernel can be controlled by a parameter. It is well-known that a numbe…

Generative model predicts menstrual cycle lengths accounting for self-tracking artifacts.

Estimates support in distributions with sampling artifacts and errors.

Paper introduces new evaluation criteria for feature-based model explanations.

In this article, we will formulate a mathematical framework that allows us to treat character animations as points on infinite dimensional Hilbert manifolds. Constructing geodesic paths between animations on those manifolds allows us to derive a distance function to measure similarities of different motions. This appro…

New method recovers relative rates in spatial compositional data from IMS.

Deep-learning improves 6x6-mm OCTA angiograms by reducing noise and artifacts.

This article deals with stability issues related to geodesic X-ray transforms, where an interplay between the (attenuation type) weight in the transform and the underlying geometry strongly impact whether the problem is stable or unstable. In the unstable case, we also explain what types of artifacts are expected in te…

In this article, we analyze the microlocal properties of the linearized forward scattering operator $F$ and the normal operator $F^{*}F$ (where $F^{*}$ is the $L^{2}$ adjoint of $F$) which arises in Synthetic Aperture Radar imaging for the common midpoint acquisition geometry. When $F^{*}$ is applied to the scattered d…

We consider linear models where $d$ potential causes $X_1,...,X_d$ are correlated with one target quantity $Y$ and propose a method to infer whether the association is causal or whether it is an artifact caused by overfitting or hidden common causes. We employ the idea that in the former case the vector of regression c…

We study the integral transform over a general family of broken rays in $\mathbb{R}^2$. It is natural for broken rays to have conjugate points, for example, when they are reflected from a curved boundary. If there are conjugate points, we show that the singularities cannot be recovered from local data and therefore art…

Deep learning improves 3D microscopy resolution without matched target images.

Computed tomography for region-of-interest (ROI) reconstruction has advantages of reducing X-ray radiation dose and using a small detector. However, standard analytic reconstruction methods suffer from severe cupping artifacts, and existing model-based iterative reconstruction methods require extensive computations. Re…

Simultaneously recorded electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be used to non-invasively measure the spatiotemporal dynamics of the human brain. One challenge is dealing with the artifacts that each modality introduces into the other when the two are recorded concurrently, for…

Neural time-series data contain a wide variety of prototypical signal waveforms (atoms) that are of significant importance in clinical and cognitive research. One of the goals for analyzing such data is hence to extract such 'shift-invariant' atoms. Even though some success has been reported with existing algorithms, t…

Deleting refusal directions from models leads to systematically more optimistic decisions.