In this paper, we formulate a new local move on virtual knot diagram, called arc shift move. Further, we extend it to another local move called region arc shift defined on a region of a virtual knot diagram. We establish that these arc shift and region arc shift moves are unknotting operations by showing that any virtu…
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48 results for “arc shift move”
Study on unknotting twisted knots using arc shift and region arc shift moves.
problem Unknotting twisted knots and finding bounds for region arc shift number.
method Introduced arc shift move and region arc shift move for twisted knots.
result Found families of twisted knots with specific arc shift and region arc shift numbers.
Gordian complexes of knots and virtual knots given by region crossing changes and arc shift movesmath.GT
Gordian complex of knots was defined by Hirasawa and Uchida as the simplicial complex whose vertices are knot isotopy classes in . Later Horiuchi and Ohyama defined Gordian complex of virtual knots using -move and forbidden moves. In this paper we discuss Gordian complex of knots by region crossing cha…
The paper classifies virtual links using the arc shift operation.
problem Classifying \( n \)-component virtual links up to arc shift equivalence.
method Established the arc shift operation as an unknotting tool for \( n \)-homogeneous proper virtual links, explored its connection to the odd writhe, and identified sequences with specific arc shift bounds.
result Identified sequences of virtual link diagrams \( L_n \) with an upper bound of arc shift number equal to \( n \).
Shifts are not type-preserving on surface graphs.
problem Understanding the type-preserving property of shift maps on surface graphs.
method Analyzing Dehn twists and shift maps on arc, curve, and relative arc graphs of surfaces.
result Shift maps are not type-preserving on surfaces with isolated punctures.
We work with a generalization of knot theory, in which one diagram is reachable from another via a finite sequence of moves if a fixed condition, regarding the existence of certain morphisms in an associated category, is satisfied for every move of the sequence. This conditional setting leads to a possibility of irreve…
We prove that any arc-presentation of the unknot admits a monotonic simplification by elementary moves; this yields a simple algorithm for recognizing the unknot. We obtain similar results for split links and composite links.
A knot K in 1-bridge position with respect to a genus-g Heegaard surface in a 3-manifold can be moved by isotopy through knots in 1-bridge position until it lies in a union of n parallel genus-g surfaces tubed together by n-1 straight tubes, with K intersecting each tube in two arcs connecting the ends. We prove that t…
A -move is a local operation for links consisting in replacing two parallel arcs by four half twists. At the present time, it is not known if this induces an unkotting operation for knots. Studying the Dabkowski-Sahi invariant, we prove that any invariant of knots based on the fundamental group …
The paper describes topological properties of arcs and crossings in knot theory.
problem Understanding the topological nature of arcs and crossings in knot theory.
method Topological description of arcs and crossings as isotopy classes of probes, homotopy classes of diagram elements.
result Sets of arcs and crossings are fundamental for algebraic objects like quandles, partial ternary quasigroups, biquandloids, and crossoids.
New infinite-type loxodromic elements found in surface mapping classes.
problem Identifying infinite-type loxodromic elements in mapping classes of surfaces.
method Constructing infinite families of mapping classes acting loxodromically on the relative arc graph.
result Explicit construction and characterization of infinite-type loxodromic elements.
How and why stock prices move is a centuries-old question still not answered conclusively. More recently, attention shifted to higher frequencies, where trades are processed piecewise across different timescales. Here we reveal that price impact has a universal non-linear shape for trades aggregated on any intra-day sc…
The paper defines normal forms for rational 3-tangles and shows a sequence of moves to transform one form to another.
problem Understanding and manipulating rational 3-tangles.
method Definition of normal forms and sequence of normal jump moves.
result There is a sequence of normal jump moves leading to equivalent normal forms of rational 3-tangles.
Paper simplifies proof of slide-equivalence in crown diagrams.
problem Proving slide-equivalence of crown diagrams.
method Diagrammatic approach to generalized shift moves.
result Slide-equivalence of vanishing cycles in crown diagrams.
We study b-arc foliation change and exchange move of open book foliations which generalize the corresponding operations in braid foliation theory. We also define a bypass move as an analogue of Honda's bypass attachment operation. As applications, we study how open book foliations change under a stabilization of the op…
A Morse 2-function is a generic smooth map from a manifold M of arbitrary finite dimension to a surface B. Its critical set maps to an immersed collection of cusped arcs in B. The aim of this paper is to explain exactly when it is possible to move these arcs around in B by a homotopy and to give a library of examples w…
Theory of link projections to 3-manifold spines, proving combinatorial moves for isotopic links.
problem Link equivalence on 3-manifold spines.
method Theory of link projections, combinatorial moves, Reidemeister Theorem.
result Crossingless projections and combinatorial moves for isotopic links.
Refining the notion of an ideal triangulation of a compact three-manifold, we provide in this paper a combinatorial presentation of the set of pairs (M,a), where M is a three-manifold and a is a collection of properly embedded arcs. We also show that certain well-understood combinatorial moves are sufficient to relate …
New invariant shows fifth move is unique and extends biquandle theory for surface-links.
problem Reproduce Yoshikawa's fifth move using other moves and isotopies.
method Develops a semi-invariant and biquandle-based invariant for surface-links.
result Yoshikawa's fifth move is unique and cannot be reproduced by other moves.
The paper studies strict equivalence in multi-virtual linkoids with new invariants.
problem Understanding strict equivalence in multi-virtual linkoids.
method Utilizing multi-virtual knot theory, defining strict virtual linkoids, and studying invariants.
result New invariants for strict virtual linkoids are defined.
Circular transformation of the European steel industry renders scrap metal a strategic resourceq-fin.TR
European steel industry shifts to electric arc furnaces, reducing scrap imports and increasing competition.
problem Reducing CO2 emissions in the European steel industry through electric arc furnaces.
method Combining trade data with business intelligence to model the impact of EAF capacity on scrap trade.
result Scrap imports decrease as EAF capacity increases, highlighting the need for a new business ecosystem.
The paper introduces various canonical parameterizations for 2D-curved shapes.
problem Comparing unparameterized simple curves in the plane.
method Proposes diverse canonical parameterizations, including arc-length and curvature-based.
result Natural parameterizations correspond to physical movements and are geometric invariants.
A space curve is determined by conformal arc-length, conformal curvature, and conformal torsion, up to Möbius transformations. We use the spaces of osculating circles and spheres to give a conformally defined moving frame of a curve in the Minkowski space, which can naturally produce the conformal invariants and the no…
In this paper are studied the simplest patterns of axial curvature lines (along which the normal curvature vector is at a vertex of the ellipse of curvature) near a critical point of a surface mapped into R4. These critical points, where the rank of the mapping drops from 2 to 1, occur isolated in generic one parameter…
We study the problem of finding strain-minimising stream surfaces in a divergence-free vector field. These surfaces are generated by motions of seed curves that propagate through the field in a strain minimising manner, i.e., they move without stretching or shrinking, preserving the length of their arbitrary arc. In ge…
RNA foldings and Stuck Knotsmath.GT
Study uses knot theory to model RNA foldings, emphasizing both entanglement and intrachain interactions.
problem Modeling RNA foldings considering both entanglement and intrachain interactions.
method Combines knot theory with embedded rigid vertex graphs to emphasize both entanglement and intrachain interactions of RNA foldings.
result Defines and computes a coloring counting invariant for stuck links, providing explicit computations for arc diagrams of RNA foldings.
The paper establishes a relation between knotoid crossing number and height.
problem Establishing a relation between knotoid crossing number and height.
method Using Reidemeister moves and isotopies, the paper proves a relation between the crossing number and height of a knotoid.
result The crossing number of a knotoid is at least twice its height.
The detrending moving average (DMA) algorithm is one of the best performing methods to quantify the long-term correlations in nonstationary time series. Many long-term correlated time series in real systems contain various trends. We investigate the effects of polynomial trends on the scaling behaviors and the performa…
It is shown that the projection image of an oriented spatial arc to any oriented plane is approximated by a unique arc diagram (up to isomorphic arc diagrams) determined from the spatial arc and the projection. In a separated paper, the knotting probability of an arc diagram is defined as an invariant under isomorphic …
NT probability measures knotting in 3D arc systems.
problem Measuring knotting in 3D arc systems.
method Transforming polygonal arcs into unique diagrams, generalizing NT probability.
result Properties of NT probability for 3D arc systems are shown.
Non-trivialization probability of arc system in 3D space
problem Defining and generalizing the knotting probability of an arc diagram in 3D space
method Transforming polygonal arcs in 3D space into unique arc diagrams
result Introducing and generalizing the Non-Trivialization probability (NT probability) for arc systems in 3D space
Self-affine arcs without inner weak separation are parabolic segments.
problem Characterizing self-affine Jordan arcs without parabolic segments.
method Analyzing the weak separation property and proving implications for arc types.
result Self-affine Jordan arcs without parabolic segments are attractors of multizippers.
The study of smoothing arcs and curves on surfaces, proving tautness and arc length spectrum properties.
problem Analyzing the geometric and combinatorial effects of smoothing intersections in arcs or curves.
method Geometric and combinatorial analysis, proving tautness and arc length spectrum properties.
result Shortest arcs with self-intersections have exactly or at most one more self-intersection than the self-intersection number.
Minimal grid diagrams for 15,735 knots with 14 crossings and arc index 14.
problem Representing prime knots with 14 crossings and specific arc indices using grid diagrams.
method Enumerated all prime knots with 14 crossings, categorized by arc index, and found minimal grid diagrams for those with arc index 14.
result 8,027 knots with arc index 13 and 15,735 knots with arc index 14 were represented by minimal grid diagrams.
This paper calculates stick numbers for rail arcs and knot classes.
problem Calculating the minimum number of sticks needed for rail arcs and knot classes.
method Rail isotopies, ambient isotopies, winding number invariant, and lattice stick number.
result Calculates stick numbers for rail arcs and knot classes with crossing number at most 9.
Counts arcs in surfaces, proving convergence of geodesic currents.
problem Counting arcs of the same type in compact surfaces and related geometries.
method Derives convergence of geodesic currents to prove arc counts.
result Proves convergence of geodesic currents, leading to arc counting results.
Constant Speed Rampsmath.DG
In this paper we show all possible ramps where an object can move with constant speed under the effect of gravity and friction. The planar ramp are very easy to describe, just rotate a curve with velocity vector (tanh(as),sech(as)). Recall that tanh(as)^2+sech^2(as) = 1. Therefore, the solution of the planar constant s…
Study arcs on surfaces, focusing on topological aspects and group actions.
problem Understanding arcs and their complements on surfaces.
method Characterize infinite-type surfaces via homeomorphic subsurfaces, construct actions on arc graphs.
result New characterisation of infinite-type surfaces and actions on arc graphs.
Listed 19,513 prime knots with arc index 12-16.
problem Tabulating prime knots with specific arc indices.
method Provided list of prime knots with minimal grid diagrams.
result 19,513 prime knots with arc index 12-16.
As a supplement to the authors' article "Prime knots with arc index up to 11 and an upper bound of arc index for non-alternating knots", to appear in the Journal of Knot Theory and its Ramifications, we present minimal arc presentations of the prime knots up to arc index 11.
The grand arc graph's asymptotic dimension is shown to be infinite.
problem Determining the asymptotic dimension of the grand arc graph.
method Using Gromov-hyperbolic and cocompact arc and curve models, the asymptotic dimension is shown to be infinite for a broad class of surfaces.
result The asymptotic dimension of the grand arc graph is infinite.
The study counts arcs on hyperbolic surfaces, providing asymptotic growth formulas.
problem Counting arcs on hyperbolic surfaces with boundaries and cusps.
method Asymptotic analysis of pure mapping class group orbits and arc lengths.
result The number of arcs of bounded length is asymptotically proportional to .
Let be a 3-manifold. Every knotted (embedded) surface in can be moved via an ambient isotopy in such a way that its projection into is a generic surface. A surface is generic if every point on it is either a regular, double or triple value - the transversal intersection of 1, 2 or 3 embedded surfa…
Study self-intersections of arcs on a pair of pants, proving natural number spectrum.
problem Understanding self-intersections of arcs on a pair of pants.
method Algorithm to compute self-intersection number, bounds established in terms of word length.
result Spectrum of self-intersection numbers covers all natural numbers.
Solve arc diagrams on surfaces via branched covers.
problem Computing arc diagrams on surfaces via branched covers.
method Represent branched covers combinatorially and solve membership problem.
result Efficient solution for triangulated arc diagrams.
Prime knots with arc index up to 11 and an upper bound of arc index for non-alternating knotsmath.GT
Every knot can be embedded in the union of finitely many half planes with a common boundary line in such a way that the portion of the knot in each half plane is a properly embedded arc. The minimal number of such half planes is called the arc index of the knot. We have identified all prime knots with arc index up to 1…
High frequency limit for most of wave phenomena is known as quasiclassical limit or ray optics limit. Propagation of waves in this limit is described in terms of wave fronts and rays. Wave front is a surface of constant phase whose points are moving along rays. As it appears, their motion can be described by Hamilton e…
Unknotting Unknotsmath.GT
A knot is an an embedding of a circle into three-dimensional space. We say that a knot is unknotted if there is an ambient isotopy of the embedding to a standard circle. By representing knots via planar diagrams, we discuss the problem of unknotting a knot diagram when we know that it is unknotted. This problem is surp…