arXiv research

The paper studies parabolic representations of 2-bridge links using symplectic quandles.

For any link and for any modulus $m$ we introduce an equivalence relation on the set of non-trivial m-colorings of the link (an m-coloring has values in Z/mZ). Given a diagram of the link, the equivalence class of a non-trivial m-coloring is formed by each assignment of colors to the arcs of the diagram that is obtaine…

Study on knots using 17 colors, finding specific color assignments.

We prove that any $11$-colorable knot is presented by an $11$-colored diagram where exactly five colors of eleven are assigned to the arcs. The number five is the minimum for all non-trivially $11$-colored diagrams of the knot. We also prove a similar result for any $11$-colorable ribbon $2$-knot.

The paper proves a generalized Kauffman-Harary conjecture for prime determinant links.

This article is about applications of linear algebra to knot theory. For example, for odd prime p, there is a rule (given in the article) for coloring the arcs of a knot or link diagram from the residues mod p. This is a knot invariant in the sense that if a diagram of the knot under study admits such a coloring, then …

This survey article discusses three aspects of knot colorings. Fox colorings are assignments of labels to arcs, Dehn colorings are assignments of labels to regions, and Alexander-Briggs colorings assign labels to vertices. The labels are found among the integers modulo n. The choice of n depends upon the knot. Each typ…

It is known that the number of biquandle colorings of a long virtual knot diagram, with a fixed color of the initial arc, is a knot invariant. In this paper we describe a more subtle invariant: a family of biquandle endomorphisms obtained from the set of colorings and longitudinal information.

We prove the Kauffman-Harary Conjecture, posed in 1999: given a reduced, alternating diagram D of a knot with prime determinant p, every non-trivial Fox p-coloring of D will assign different colors to different arcs.

New proof for knot state-sum formula using bijection between states.

This paper is a sequel to my essay "Distributivity versus associativity in the homology theory of algebraic structures" Demonstratio Math., 44(4), 2011, 821-867 (arXiv:1109.4850 [math.GT]). We start from naive invariants of arc colorings and survey associative and distributive magmas and their homology with relation to…

The paper describes topological properties of arcs and crossings in knot theory.

A new method joins two arcs with a degree of freedom.

SE-RRMs solve structured problems like Sudoku and ARC-AGI by enforcing symbol equivariance.

In Euclidean geometry, all metric notions (arc length for curves, the first fundamental form for surfaces, etc.) are derived from the Euclidean inner product on tangent vectors, and this inner product is preserved by the full symmetry group of Euclidean space (translations, rotations, and reflections). In equiaffine ge…

Study on coloring virtual tangles with integer and modular arithmetic.

We introduce a multiple conjugation biquandle, and show that it is the universal algebra to define a semi-arc coloring invariant for handlebody-links. A multiple conjugation biquandle is a generalization of a multiple conjugation quandle. We extend the notion of $n$-parallel biquandle operations for any integer $n$, an…

We study the chromatic number of the curve graph of a surface. We show that the chromatic number grows like k log k for the graph of separating curves on a surface of Euler characteristic -k. We also show that the graph of curves that represent a fixed non-zero homology class is uniquely t-colorable, where t denotes it…

Unified theories for colored sl(2) knot homology.

This paper connects virtual biquandles to biquandles for virtual link colorings.

We consider colored operads and their actions on categories. As a special example we construct a cobordism category with a colored operad action arising from oriented planar arc diagrams. This is used to construct an invariant of oriented tangle diagrams with values in the homotopy category attached to the cobordism ca…

The Kauffman-Harary conjecture states that for any reduced alternating diagram K of a knot with a prime determinant p, every non-trivial Fox p-coloring of K assigns different colors to its arcs. We generalize the conjecture by stating it in terms of homology of the double cover of S^3 branched along a link. In this way…

We present the first treatment of the arc length of the Gaussian Process (GP) with more than a single output dimension. GPs are commonly used for tasks such as trajectory modelling, where path length is a crucial quantity of interest. Previously, only paths in one dimension have been considered, with no theoretical con…

The paper generalizes rectifying and normal curves in Lorentzian n-space.

The ability to characterize the color content of natural imagery is an important application of image processing. The pixel by pixel coloring of images may be viewed naturally as points in color space, and the inherent structure and distribution of these points affords a quantization, through clustering, of the color i…

Given an arbitrary non-zero simplicial cycle and a generic vector coloring of its vertices, there is a way to produce a graded Poincare duality algebra associated with these data. The procedure relies on the theory of volume polynomials and multi-fans. This construction includes many important examples, such as cohomol…

Kronheimer-Mrowka's instanton homology dimension equals Tait colorings.

A new method classifies color images using quaternion algebra.

This paper concerns cluster algebras with principal coefficients A(S,M) associated to bordered surfaces (S,M), and is a companion to a concurrent work of the authors with Schiffler [MSW2]. Given any (generalized) arc or loop in the surface -- with or without self-intersections -- we associate an element of (the fractio…

We study the structural properties of colored Kauffman homologies of knots. Quadruple-gradings play an essential role in revealing the differential structure of colored Kauffman homology. Using the differential structure, the Kauffman homologies carrying the symmetric tensor products of the vector representation for th…

Defines a new family of curves in space with applications.

A bottom tangle is a tangle in a cube consisting of arc components whose boundary points are on a line in the bottom square of the cube. A ribbon bottom tangle is a bottom tangle whose closure is a ribbon link. For every n-component ribbon bottom tangle T, we prove that the universal invariant J_T of T associated to th…

We study the problem of finding strain-minimising stream surfaces in a divergence-free vector field. These surfaces are generated by motions of seed curves that propagate through the field in a strain minimising manner, i.e., they move without stretching or shrinking, preserving the length of their arbitrary arc. In ge…

With a compact PL manifold X we associate a category T(X). The objects of T(X) are all combinatorial manifolds of type X, and morphisms are combinatorial assemblies. We prove that the homotopy equivalence BT (X) \approx BPL(X) holds, where PL(X) is the simplicial group of PL-homeomorphisms. Thus the space BT(X) is a ca…

Gradient descent with error feedback performs better than vanilla when features are rare.

In this paper, we formulate a new local move on virtual knot diagram, called arc shift move. Further, we extend it to another local move called region arc shift defined on a region of a virtual knot diagram. We establish that these arc shift and region arc shift moves are unknotting operations by showing that any virtu…

The subtle interplay between local and global charges for topological semimetals exactly parallels that for singular vector fields. Part of this story is the relationship between cohomological semimetal invariants, Euler structures, and ambiguities in the torsion of manifolds. Dually, a topological semimetal can be rep…

We extend the notion of link colorings with values in an Alexander quandle to link colorings with values in a module $M$ over the Laurent polynomial ring $Λ_μ=\mathbb{Z}[t_1^{\pm1},\dots,t_μ^{\pm1}]$. If $D$ is a diagram of a link $L$ with $μ$ components, then the colorings of $D$ with values in $M$ form a $Λ_μ$-module…

Study on unknotting twisted knots using arc shift and region arc shift moves.

It is shown that the projection image of an oriented spatial arc to any oriented plane is approximated by a unique arc diagram (up to isomorphic arc diagrams) determined from the spatial arc and the projection. In a separated paper, the knotting probability of an arc diagram is defined as an invariant under isomorphic …

We use SO(3) gauge theory to define a functor from a category of unoriented webs and foams to the category of finite-dimensional vector spaces over the field of two elements. We prove a non-vanishing theorem for this SO(3) instanton homology of webs, using Gabai's sutured manifold theory. It is hoped that the non-vanis…

NT probability measures knotting in 3D arc systems.

Non-trivialization probability of arc system in 3D space

Self-affine arcs without inner weak separation are parabolic segments.

The study of smoothing arcs and curves on surfaces, proving tautness and arc length spectrum properties.

Minimal grid diagrams for 15,735 knots with 14 crossings and arc index 14.

This paper calculates stick numbers for rail arcs and knot classes.

Counts arcs in surfaces, proving convergence of geodesic currents.