arXiv research

Directed graphs can contain arbitrarily complex knots and links.

CR singularities in 3-manifolds can be cancelled by an isotopy supported in an arbitrarily small neighborhood of a Seifert surface.

Study shows crossing numbers for algebraic knots can differ by arbitrarily large amounts.

Ringmaster ASGD improves Asynchronous SGD's efficiency under varying worker times.

In this note, we describe a procedure to construct generalized complex structures with an arbitrarily large number of type change loci on products of the circle with a connected sum of closed 3-manifolds. The loci need not be isotopic.

Computing unlinking number is usually very difficult and complex problem, therefore we define BJ-unlinking number and recall Bernhard-Jablan conjecture stating that the classical unknotting/unlinking number is equal to the BJ-unlinking number. We compute BJ-unlinking number for various families of knots and links for w…

In Riemannian manifolds, minimal hypersurfaces with large area exist or have complex structures.

We present new lower bounds on the complexity of Dehn surgery manifolds of knots, using our recent result on the Cheeger-Gromov rho invariants and triangulations. As an application, we give explicit examples of closed hyperbolic 3-manifolds with fixed first homology for which the gap between the Gromov norm and the com…

Small Nijenhuis tensor found on compact manifolds.

We show that there are hyperbolic tunnel-number one knots with arbitrarily high bridge number and that "most" tunnel-number one knots are not one-bridge with respect to an unknotted torus. The proof relies on a connection between bridge number and a certain distance in the curve complex of a genus-two surface.

We define the notion of a moment map and reduction in both generalized complex geometry and generalized Kähler geometry. As an application, we give very simple explicit constructions of bi-Hermitian structures on $\C¶^n$, Hirzebruch surfaces, the blow up of $\CP^2$ at arbitrarily many points, and other toric varieties,…

New groups found with critical exponents close to but less than max.

The Frölicher spectral sequence of a compact complex manifold $X$ measures the difference between Dolbeault cohomology and de Rham cohomology. We construct for $n\geq 2$ nilmanifolds with left-invariant complex structure $X_n$ such that the $n$-th differential $d_n$ does not vanish. This replaces an earlier incorrect e…

Reformulations of Donaldson's "tamed to compatible" question are obtained in terms of spaces of exact forms on a compact almost complex manifold $(M^{2n},J)$. In dimension 4, we show that $J$ admits a compatible symplectic form if and only if $J$ admits tamed symplectic forms with arbitrarily given $J$-anti-invariant p…

Based on work of Rasmussen, we construct a concordance invariant associated to the knot Floer complex, and exhibit examples in which this invariant gives arbitrarily better bounds on the 4-ball genus than the Ozsvath-Szabo tau invariant.

Early stopping improves neural networks' performance on binary classification tasks.

Study $h$-cobordisms of complexity 2 in 5D, finding obstructions and examples.

We prove that the minimal Euler characteristic of a closed symplectic four-manifold with given fundamental group is often much larger than the minimal Euler characteristic of almost complex closed four-manifolds with the same fundamental group. In fact, the difference between the two is arbitrarily large for certain gr…

Improves decision complexity in hybrid environments.

Gradient descent with polylogarithmic width achieves arbitrarily low test error for shallow ReLU networks.

Persistent homology has emerged as a novel tool for data analysis in the past two decades. However, there are still very few shapes or even manifolds whose persistent homology barcodes (say of the Vietoris-Rips complex) are fully known. Towards this direction, let $P_n$ be the boundary of a regular polygon in the plane…

Although the Nash theorem solves the isometric embedding problem, matters are inherently more involved if one is further seeking an embedding that is well-behaved from the standpoint of submanifold geometry. More generally, consider a Lipschitz map $F:M^m\to\mathbb R^n$, where $M^m$ is a Hadamard manifold whose curvatu…

We explain how to adapt a construction of M. Sageev's to construct a proper action on a CAT(0) cube complex starting from a proper action on a wall space, and use this to deduce that if G is a group containing an amenable subgroup H of super-polynomial growth and G acts properly on a space with walls then there are arb…

New topological complexity measures for neural networks.

Higher chromatic numbers $χ_s$ of simplicial complexes naturally generalize the chromatic number $χ_1$ of a graph. In any fixed dimension $d$, the $s$-chromatic number $χ_s$ of $d$-complexes can become arbitrarily large for $s\leq\lceil d/2\rceil$ [6,18]. In contrast, $χ_{d+1}=1$, and only little is known on $χ_s$ for …

Minimal volume entropy vanishes or is positive under certain fiber growth conditions.

We prove an equivariant deformation result for Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian submanifolds of a Kahler manifold, with respect to deformations of its metric and almost complex structure that are compatible with an isometric Hamiltonian group action. This yields existence of Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian submanifo…

We describe a class of genus 2 closed hyperbolic 3-manifolds of arbitrarily large volume.

The paper studies connectivity properties of Morse complexes as simplicial complexes grow.

We determine when certain state cycles represent nontrivial Khovanov homology classes by analyzing features of the state graph. Using this method, we are able to produce hyperbolic knots with arbitrarily many diagonals containing nontrivial state cycle homology classes. This gives lower bounds on the Khovanov width of …

This paper shows how to create surface-links with many triple points.

We show that every knot is one crossing change away from a knot of arbitrarily high bridge number and arbitrarily high bridge distance.

Modern financial networks exhibit a high degree of interconnectedness and determining the causes of instability and contagion in financial networks is necessary to inform policy and avoid future financial collapse. In the American Economic Review, Elliott, Golub and Jackson proposed a simple model for capturing the dyn…

Study on singularities of Chern-Ricci flow on complex manifolds.

We construct a smooth Riemannian metric on any 3-manifold with the property that there are genus zero embedded minimal surfaces of arbitrarily high Morse index.

We consider several ways to measure the `geometric complexity' of an embedding from a simplicial complex into Euclidean space. One of these is a version of `thickness', based on a paper of Kolmogorov and Barzdin. We prove inequalities relating the thickness and the number of simplices in the simplicial complex, general…

We construct homotopically non-trivial maps from S^m to S^n with arbitrarily small 3-dilation for certain pairs (m,n). The simplest example is m=4, n=3. Other examples include arbitrarily large values of m and n. We show that a homotopy class in pi_7(S^4) can be represented by maps with arbitrarily small 4-dilation if …

We show that, given any $n$ and $α$, every embedding of any sufficiently large complete graph in $\mathbb{R}^3$ contains an oriented link with components $Q_1$, ..., $Q_n$ such that for every $i\not =j$, $|\lk(Q_i,Q_j)|\geqα$ and $|a_2(Q_i)|\geqα$, where $a_{2}(Q_i)$ denotes the second coefficient of the Conway polynom…

Study on existence of $p$-Kähler structures on nilmanifolds with nilpotent complex structures.

In this paper, the existence of C^1-umbilics with arbitrarily high indices is shown. This implies that more than C^1-regularity is required to prove Loewner's conjecture.

We show the existence of infinitely many prime knots each of which having in their complements meridional essential surfaces with two boundary components and arbitrarily high genus.

Robust covariance testing requires significantly more samples in contaminated data.

The paper constructs complex hyperbolic 2-manifolds with one cusp.

In this article, we prove that every arithmetic locally symmetric orbifold of classical type without Euclidean or compact factors has arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions in its primitive length spectrum. Moreover, we show the stronger property that every primitive length occurs in arbitrarily long arithmetic progr…

We prove that for a so-called sticky process $S$ there exists an equivalent probability $Q$ and a $Q$-martingale $\tilde{S}$ that is arbitrarily close to $S$ in $L^p(Q)$ norm. For continuous $S$, $\tilde{S}$ can be chosen arbitrarily close to $S$ in supremum norm. In the case where $S$ is a local martingale we may choo…

The Thurston norm of a 3-manifold measures the complexity of surfaces representing two-dimensional homology classes. We study the possible unit balls of Thurston norms of 3-manifolds $M$ with $b_1(M) = 2$, and whose fundamental groups admit presentations with two generators and one relator. We show that even among this…

We show that there are vast families of contact 3-manifolds each member of which admits infinitely many Stein fillings with arbitrarily big euler characteristics and arbitrarily small signatures ---which disproves a conjecture of Stipsicz and Ozbagci. To produce our examples, we set a framework which generalizes the co…

Constructs fat, shellable 3-spheres with specific $f$-vectors.