Proposes a new hyperprior and predictive criterion for weakly informative hyperprior in relevance vector machine.
problem Capturing non-homogeneous data structure with limited kernel functions.
method Uses inverse gamma hyperprior with a shape parameter close to zero and a scale parameter not close to zero. Applies multiple kernel method with different widths. Proposes extended predictive information criterion for scale parameter selection.
result Obtains a multiple kernel relevance vector regression model with good predictive accuracy.
The paper studies sparsity in EBF with hyperpriors and proposes a PALM algorithm.
problem Promoting sparsity in sparse learning problems.
method Empirical Bayes framework, hyperpriors, proximal alternating linearized minimization (PALM) algorithm.
result Appropriate hyperpriors can significantly enhance sparsity and restoration accuracy.
Paper introduces variational inference for Bayesian inverse problems with gamma hyperpriors.
problem Bayesian inverse problems with sparse solutions.
method Variational iterative alternating scheme for hierarchical models with gamma hyperpriors.
result Accurate reconstruction and meaningful uncertainty quantification.
Few-shot learning aims to train efficient predictive models with a few examples. The lack of training data leads to poor models that perform high-variance or low-confidence predictions. In this paper, we propose to meta-learn the ensemble of epoch-wise empirical Bayes models (E3BM) to achieve robust predictions. "Epoch…
Improves feature selection in high-dimensional data using LLM-generated weights.
problem Inaccurate LLM-generated weights degrade feature selection performance.
method Integrates LLM-generated weights into prior inclusion probabilities using LLM Sparsity Prior (LSP).
result Improves prediction accuracy and identifies clinically relevant features.
Bayesian neural networks are shown to be minimax and admissible under certain conditions.
problem Optimality of Bayesian neural networks in deep learning models.
method Analysis of decision rules induced by BNNs in the normal location model under quadratic loss.
result A hyperprior on the effective output variance yields a minimax and admissible decision rule.
Improves label propagation for weakly supervised learning.
problem Reducing the need for labeled data in machine learning.
method Label Propagation with Weak Supervision (LPA) analysis.
result Demonstrated improvements over existing methods on weakly supervised classification tasks.
Recently, impressive denoising results have been achieved by Bayesian approaches which assume Gaussian models for the image patches. This improvement in performance can be attributed to the use of per-patch models. Unfortunately such an approach is particularly unstable for most inverse problems beyond denoising. In th…
Study shows reverberant phase is not essential for weakly-supervised dereverberation.
problem Evaluating the role of reverberant phase in weakly-supervised dereverberation.
method Statistical Wave Field Theory and recent weak supervision framework.
result Wet phase carries limited useful information and is not essential for weakly supervised dereverberation.
Paper proposes fully Bayesian approach for RVM classification, improving accuracy especially in imbalanced data.
problem Difficulty in conducting RVM classification due to lack of closed-form solution for weight parameter posterior.
method Proposes Generic Bayesian and Fully Bayesian approaches with hierarchical hyperprior structure.
result Improves classification performance, especially in imbalanced data.
Hierarchical text classification has many real-world applications. However, labeling a large number of documents is costly. In practice, we can use semi-supervised learning or weakly supervised learning (e.g., dataless classification) to reduce the labeling cost. In this paper, we propose a path cost-sensitive learning…
To alleviate the burden of gathering detailed expert annotations when training deep neural networks, we propose a weakly supervised learning approach to recognize metastases in microscopic images of breast lymph nodes. We describe an alternative training loss which clusters weakly labeled bags in latent space to inform…
A variety of machine learning applications expect to achieve rapid learning from a limited number of labeled data. However, the success of most current models is the result of heavy training on big data. Meta-learning addresses this problem by extracting common knowledge across different tasks that can be quickly adapt…
Additive Bayesian networks are types of graphical models that extend the usual Bayesian generalized linear model to multiple dependent variables through the factorisation of the joint probability distribution of the underlying variables. When fitting an ABN model, the choice of the prior of the parameters is of crucial…
Bayesian inference simplified for machine learning models.
problem Difficulty in specifying general prior belief in machine learning architectures.
method Parsimonious inference using information theory and Kolmogorov complexity.
result Framework quantifies model complexity and prediction information, reducing memorization.
Modern bio-technologies have produced a vast amount of high-throughput data with the number of predictors far greater than the sample size. In order to identify more novel biomarkers and understand biological mechanisms, it is vital to detect signals weakly associated with outcomes among ultrahigh-dimensional predictor…
We present the first general purpose framework for marginal maximum a posteriori estimation of probabilistic program variables. By using a series of code transformations, the evidence of any probabilistic program, and therefore of any graphical model, can be optimized with respect to an arbitrary subset of its sampled …
Paper proposes MTL for weakly labelled SED, improving performance with 2-step attention.
problem Weakly labelled sound event detection.
method Multi-Task Learning framework with 2-step Attention Pooling.
result Improved SED performance with 22.3%, 12.8%, 5.9% gains at 0, 10, 20 dB SNR.
Study assesses weakly-supervised methods for rare outcomes in medical records.
problem Identifying patients with specific medical conditions using electronic health records.
method Compared three methods (PheNorm, MAP, and sureLDA) in simulations with varying outcomes and silver labels.
result No single method consistently outperformed others, but sureLDA often did well.
Most of the current state-of-the-art methods for tumor segmentation are based on machine learning models trained on manually segmented images. This type of training data is particularly costly, as manual delineation of tumors is not only time-consuming but also requires medical expertise. On the other hand, images with…
Abstraction is a fundamental part when learning behavioral models of systems. Usually the process of abstraction is manually defined by domain experts. This paper presents a method to perform automatic abstraction for network protocols. In particular a weakly supervised clustering algorithm is used to build an abstract…
Weakly Einstein Kähler surfaces are characterized and classified.
problem Characterizing and classifying weakly Einstein Kähler surfaces.
method Several conditions and constructions to characterize and classify weakly Einstein Kähler surfaces.
result Classification of weakly Einstein Kähler surfaces with specific properties and construction of new examples.
We propose a method to perform audio event detection under the common constraint that only limited training data are available. In training a deep learning system to perform audio event detection, two practical problems arise. Firstly, most datasets are "weakly labelled" having only a list of events present in each rec…
High-dimensional shrinkage risk depends on the default prior for the common scale.
problem Choosing the default prior for the common scale in high-dimensional shrinkage.
method Using radial-power benchmark to compare variance-flat and standard deviation-flat priors.
result The standard deviation-flat prior has a one-unit asymptotic risk advantage near the origin.
The study examines weakly Einstein Lie groups and proves non-existence for certain types.
problem Characterizing and proving the non-existence of weakly Einstein Lie groups.
method Analyzing left-invariant metrics on Lie groups and using algebraic properties.
result No weakly Einstein non-abelian 2-step nilpotent Lie groups exist.
Paper proposes an algorithm to recover full supervision from weakly labeled data.
problem Machine learning requires expensive data annotation, motivating the use of weak supervision.
method The paper introduces a disambiguation principle and an empirical disambiguation algorithm for partial labelling.
result The algorithm achieves exponential convergence rates under learnability assumptions.
Classifies weakly Einstein submanifolds in space forms satisfying specific equalities.
problem Characterizing submanifolds in space forms with certain geometric properties.
method Classification based on Chen's equality and semisymmetric conditions.
result Classification of weakly Einstein submanifolds in space forms.
We tackle the task of environmental event classification by drawing inspiration from the transformer neural network architecture used in machine translation. We modify this attention-based feedforward structure in such a way that allows the resulting model to use audio as well as video to compute sound event prediction…
The study explores weakly p-Kähler hyperbolic manifolds.
problem Generalization and application of weakly p-Kähler hyperbolic manifolds. method Investigation of generalizations and applications.
result Exploration of weakly p-Kähler hyperbolic manifolds. Determining the best method for training a machine learning algorithm is critical to maximizing its ability to classify data. In this paper, we compare the standard "fully supervised" approach (that relies on knowledge of event-by-event truth-level labels) with a recent proposal that instead utilizes class ratios as th…
Model learns image-word associations from captions using contrastive learning.
problem Phrase grounding, associating image regions to caption words.
method Optimizing word-region attention to maximize mutual information, using language model guided word substitutions for negatives.
result Model achieves 76.7% accuracy on Flickr30K Entities benchmark, a 5.7% gain from weak supervision.
This paper studies aligning knowledge graphs from different sources or languages. Most existing methods train supervised methods for the alignment, which usually require a large number of aligned knowledge triplets. However, such a large number of aligned knowledge triplets may not be available or are expensive to obta…
We consider the weakly supervised binary classification problem where the labels are randomly flipped with probability 1−α. Although there exist numerous algorithms for this problem, it remains theoretically unexplored how the statistical accuracies and computational efficiency of these algorithms depend on the degr…
Geodesic orbit property studied for Lorentz manifolds.
problem Geodesic orbit property for Lorentz manifolds.
method Defined naturally reductive for pseudo-Riemannian manifolds and proved theorems for Lorentz nilmanifolds.
result Geodesic orbit property holds for Lorentz nilmanifolds under specific conditions.
The performance of the state-of-the-art image segmentation methods heavily relies on the high-quality annotations, which are not easily affordable, particularly for medical data. To alleviate this limitation, in this study, we propose a weakly supervised image segmentation method based on a deep geodesic prior. We hypo…
Study weakly weighted Einstein-Finsler metrics, showing specific curvature properties and characterizing them.
problem Characterizing weakly weighted Einstein-Finsler metrics.
method Showed isotropic S-curvature under certain conditions. Characterized via navigation expressions and α and β. result Weakly weighted Einstein-Kropina metrics have isotropic S-curvature and can be completely characterized.
New method detects essential tori in mixed singularity links.
problem Detecting essential tori in mixed singularity link complements.
method Analyzing properties of defining mixed polynomials.
result Explicit criteria for essential tori existence.
Binary PheNorm extends phenotype labeling for EHRs using binary silver labels.
problem Lack of gold-standard phenotype labels in EHR studies.
method Proposes Binary PheNorm, an extension that uses binary silver labels directly in phenotype scoring.
result Binary PheNorm achieved strong discrimination using binary labels alone and improved performance when combined with count labels.
The paper provides examples of keen weakly reducible bridge spheres for links in b-bridge position.
problem Characterizing and finding examples of keen weakly reducible bridge spheres.
method Analyzing bridge spheres and their properties in terms of compressing disks and width complex.
result Infinitely many examples of keen weakly reducible bridge spheres for links in b-bridge position.
Improves data labeling efficiency in machine learning.
problem Efficiency in data labeling for machine learning models.
method Weakly supervised learning, active labeling, stochastic gradient descent.
result Derives a new algorithm for active labeling that scales better with input dimension.
Unified approach tackles high-dimensional tensor bandits with convex optimization and weakly decomposable regularizers.
problem Challenges in high-dimensional generalized tensor bandits where existing algorithms fail.
method Proposes a generalized linear tensor bandits algorithm with a unified analytical framework using convex optimization and weakly decomposable regularizers.
result Unified analytical framework provides better bounds and broader applicability compared to existing methods.
Deep neural networks are gaining increasing popularity for the classic text classification task, due to their strong expressive power and less requirement for feature engineering. Despite such attractiveness, neural text classification models suffer from the lack of training data in many real-world applications. Althou…
Bayesian model enhances phenotype discovery in asthma EHRs.
problem Lack of interpretability in unsupervised learning phenotyping of EHR data.
method Operationalized a Bayesian latent class framework with clinical knowledge priors.
result Identified an asthma sub-phenotype with elevated eosinophil levels and allergy markers.
Minimal displacement set in weakly systolic complexes is systolic and embeds isometrically.
problem Structure of minimal displacement set in weakly systolic complexes.
method Investigation of minimal displacement set properties and embeddings.
result Minimal displacement set is systolic and embeds isometrically into the complex.
We investigate the choice of tuning parameters for a Bayesian multi-level group lasso model developed for the joint analysis of neuroimaging and genetic data. The regression model we consider relates multivariate phenotypes consisting of brain summary measures (volumetric and cortical thickness values) to single nucleo…
Study on extended weakly symmetric spaces, classifying and providing an example.
problem Understanding geometric properties of extended weakly symmetric spaces.
method Classification and presentation of a non-trivial example.
result Existence of extended weakly symmetric spaces established.
CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) tensor factorization of incomplete data is a powerful technique for tensor completion through explicitly capturing the multilinear latent factors. The existing CP algorithms require the tensor rank to be manually specified, however, the determination of tensor rank remains a challenging problem e…
There is a well developed theory of weakly symmetric Riemannian manifolds. Here it is shown that several results in the Riemannian case are also valid for weakly symmetric pseudo-Riemannian manifolds, but some require additional hypotheses. The topics discussed are homogeneity, geodesic completeness, the geodesic orbit…