We develop mask iterative hard thresholding algorithms (mask IHT and mask DORE) for sparse image reconstruction of objects with known contour. The measurements follow a noisy underdetermined linear model common in the compressive sampling literature. Assuming that the contour of the object that we wish to reconstruct i…
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48 results for “Residual masks”
In this work we approach the brain tumor segmentation problem with a cascade of two CNNs inspired in the V-Net architecture \cite{VNet}, reformulating residual connections and making use of ROI masks to constrain the networks to train only on relevant voxels. This architecture allows dense training on problems with hig…
Automates defect detection using autoencoders on normal images only.
problem Manual defect detection is slow, tedious, and prone to human biases.
method Convolutional auto-encoder trained on normal images only, detects defects in residual masks.
result Achieved an impressive average F1 score of 0.885 on test images.
Extends VAEs to handle complex Bayesian network structures.
problem Handling complex dependency structures in Bayesian networks.
method Extends VAEs with graphical residual flows to model arbitrary dependency structures.
result Demonstrates improved performance on synthetic datasets.
MCSAE improves speaker embedding by focusing on both high- and low-level features.
problem Reduced effect of low-level features in speaker embedding encoding.
method Masked cross self-attentive encoding using ResNet with multi-layer aggregation and random masking regularization.
result Improved speaker embedding with equal error rate of 2.63% and minimum detection cost function of 0.1453.
An Adjoint-Sensitivity Framework for Lost-in-the-Middle Phenomena in Causal Residual Transformersstat.ML
Framework calculates positional influence in causal residual Transformers.
problem Understanding positional influence in causal residual Transformers.
method Adjoint-sensitivity framework for positional influence in causal residual Transformers.
result Exact evolution of adjoint-energy influence density and decomposition into residual transmission, nonlocal Volterra, and local channels.
Researchers prove Transformers are Turing-complete and analyze their components.
problem Understanding the computational power and limitations of Transformers.
method Analyzed Turing-completeness of vanilla and modified Transformers, and necessity of components.
result Transformers with positional masking and positional encodings are Turing-complete.
MLP residual networks implement a selective coarse-graining procedure governed by the spectral structure of the input distribution.
problem Understanding the coarse-graining procedure in MLP residual networks
method Analyzing a pure MLP residual stack on synthetic Markov chain sequences
result MLP residual networks implement a selective coarse-graining procedure governed by the spectral structure of the input distribution
This paper extends the recently proposed and theoretically justified iterative thresholding and residual means algorithm ITKrM to learning dicionaries from incomplete/masked training data (ITKrMM). It further adapts the algorithm to the presence of a low rank component in the data and provides a strategy for recove…
PMI-Masking improves MLM pretraining by masking correlated spans efficiently.
problem Uniform token masking leads to inefficient and suboptimal performance in MLMs.
method PMI-Masking uses Pointwise Mutual Information to mask n-grams with high collocation.
result PMI-Masking reaches half the training time and improves performance.
Creating large scale high-quality annotations is a known challenge in medical imaging. In this work, based on the CycleGAN algorithm, we propose leveraging annotations from one modality to be useful in other modalities. More specifically, the proposed algorithm creates highly realistic synthetic CT images (SynCT) from …
ST-MTM: Masked Time Series Modeling with Seasonal-Trend Decomposition for Time Series Forecastingcs.LG
ST-MTM models complex time series by decomposing and masking seasonal and trend components.
problem Forecasting complex time series with intricate temporal variations.
method Seasonal-Trend Decomposition with Masking and Contrastive Learning.
result ST-MTM achieves superior forecasting performance compared to existing methods.
Expands MLM by masking token positions, improving performance and convergence.
problem Improving language model performance and convergence.
method Masking token positions along with [MASK] tokens, using a fully connected classifier stage.
result Shows .3% improvement and 50% faster convergence for BERT Base with position masking.
SMART training improves mask-predict translations.
problem Closing the performance gap between semi-autoregressive and autoregressive models.
method SMART training method for conditional masked language models.
result SMART-trained models produce higher-quality translations.
New method reduces diffusion model function evaluations for discrete data.
problem High computational burden in generating samples from masked diffusion models.
method Modified causal attention mask and speculative sampling mechanism for non-factorized predictions.
result Achieved ~2x reduction in required network forward passes.
Proposes a proportional masking strategy for better tabular data imputation.
problem Heterogeneity of tabular data disrupts uniform random masking in MAEs.
method Computes missingness statistics, generates proportional masks, uses MLP token mixing.
result Proportional masking preserves missingness distribution, improves imputation performance.
Persistent homology provides a new, efficient molecular descriptor for protein dynamics.
problem Designing effective molecular descriptors for high-dimensional MD trajectories.
method Introduced masked Flood complex, a protein-tailored modification of simplicial complexes, for persistent homology.
result Persistent homology-based descriptors are competitive across protein dynamics tasks, including frame-level observable regression and MSM estimation.
New analysis reveals masked self-supervised learning's effectiveness in extracting data structure.
problem Analyzing masked self-supervised learning in high-dimensional data.
method Developed precise high-dimensional analysis of masked modeling objectives.
result Identified phase transitions and structured regimes for masked self-supervised learning.
This paper connects masked pre-training to Bayesian model selection.
problem Understanding the success of masked pre-training and its generalization.
method The paper shows masked pre-training corresponds to maximizing the marginal likelihood.
result Masked pre-training with a suitable scoring function maximizes the marginal likelihood.
Optimizes pruning masks for neural networks using probabilistic fine-tuning and PAC-Bayes bounds.
problem Improving neural network performance through adaptive pruning of weights.
method Optimizes stochastic pruning masks by minimizing expected loss, considering data-adaptive regularization and feature alignment.
result Probabilistic fine-tuning leads to improved test error over baseline methods in neural networks.
We consider the problem of selecting an optimal mask for an image manifold, i.e., choosing a subset of the pixels of the image that preserves the manifold's geometric structure present in the original data. Such masking implements a form of compressive sensing through emerging imaging sensor platforms for which the pow…
Recent object detectors use four-coordinate bounding box (bbox) regression to predict object locations. Providing additional information indicating the object positions and coordinates will improve detection performance. Thus, we propose two types of masks: a bbox mask and a bounding shape (bshape) mask, to represent t…
The paper investigates the effects of invalid action masking in policy gradient algorithms.
problem Invalid actions in policy gradient algorithms can lead to suboptimal performance.
method The paper provides theoretical justification and empirical demonstrations of the importance of invalid action masking.
result Invalid action masking is crucial as the number of invalid actions increases.
Improved YOLOv5 model detects mask-wearing with enhanced accuracy.
problem Detecting mask-wearing in high traffic public places.
method Improved YOLOv5l with Multi-Head Attentional Self-Convolution, Swin Transformer Block, I-CBAM module, and enhanced feature fusion.
result 1.1% improvement in mAP(0.5) and 1.3% improvement in mAP(0.5:0.95) compared to YOLOv5l.
Simplified masked diffusion models improve discrete data generation.
problem Complex model formulations and unclear relationships hinder discrete data generative modeling.
method Developed a simple and general framework for masked diffusion models.
result Models trained on OpenWebText surpass prior diffusion language models and outperform autoregressive models.
Language models trained on chess board states outperform those on moves, even with causal masking.
problem Applying causal masking to spatial data for training unimodal language models.
method Trained bidirectional and causal self-attention models on both spatial (board-based) and sequential (move-based) chess data.
result Models trained on spatial board states achieve stronger playing strength than those trained on sequential data, even with causal masking.
Masking diffusion outperforms other discrete diffusion models by incorporating jump times into the model.
problem Improving the performance of discrete diffusion models.
method Conditioning on the jump schedule of discrete Markov processes.
result Schedule-conditioned discrete diffusion (SCUD) models outperform classical and masking diffusion models.
A novel approach for 3D lung nodule segmentation using adaptive ROI and multi-view residual learning.
problem Inaccurate nodule segmentation due to fixed ROI and redundant structures.
method Two-stage approach: 2D ROI patch-wise investigation with adaptive ROI strategy, followed by 2D and 3D VOI investigation with deep residual U-Net.
result Significantly robust and accurate nodule segmentation compared to previous methods.
Study different masking schemes for a universal marginaliser.
problem Understand how well a neural approximator learns conditional distributions.
method Compare networks trained with various masking schemes.
result Neural approximators perform differently based on the masking scheme.
The ConditionaL Neural Networks (CLNN) and the Masked ConditionaL Neural Networks (MCLNN) exploit the nature of multi-dimensional temporal signals. The CLNN captures the conditional temporal influence between the frames in a window and the mask in the MCLNN enforces a systematic sparseness that follows a filterbank-lik…
Unified framework for ICL in causal and masked models.
problem Understanding ICL in masked language models and comparing it to causal models.
method Developed a statistical learning framework representing context by empirical measure and predicting using context and query.
result Upper bounds for masked and autoregressive objectives under Wasserstein-type regularity conditions.
VLSI mask optimization is one of the most critical stages in manufacturability aware design, which is costly due to the complicated mask optimization and lithography simulation. Recent researches have shown prominent advantages of machine learning techniques dealing with complicated and big data problems, which bring p…
Most machine translation systems generate text autoregressively from left to right. We, instead, use a masked language modeling objective to train a model to predict any subset of the target words, conditioned on both the input text and a partially masked target translation. This approach allows for efficient iterative…
Novel bio-inspired masking for robust speech emotion recognition.
problem Noise degradation in speech emotion recognition.
method Cochlear cepstrogram-based contrastive learning with temporal and frequency masking.
result Improved speech emotion recognition performance on K-EmoCon benchmark.
This paper analyzes MaskGIT sampler and introduces a moment sampler for faster masked diffusion sampling.
problem Efficiently sampling from masked diffusion models.
method Theoretical analysis of MaskGIT sampler, introduction of moment sampler, and two innovations for improving choose-then-sample efficiency.
result The moment sampler is an asymptotically equivalent, more interpretable alternative to MaskGIT.
Modulating masks improve lifelong reinforcement learning.
problem Catastrophic forgetting and task interference in lifelong reinforcement learning.
method Adapted modulating masks for deep lifelong reinforcement learning (LRL) with PPO and IMPALA agents.
result Superior performance in both discrete and continuous RL tasks compared to LRL baselines.
Enhanced Sampling Scheme improves masked generative modeling.
problem Limitations of existing sampling schemes in masked non-autoregressive generative modeling.
method ESS consists of three stages: Naive Iterative Decoding, Critical Reverse Sampling, and Critical Resampling.
result ESS achieves significant performance gains in unconditional and class-conditional sampling.
Structured State-Space Duality connects SSMs to masked attention.
problem Connecting SSMs and attention mechanisms for efficient modeling.
method Formalizing and generalizing SSD from scalar-identity to diagonal state matrices.
result Diagonal SSMs match training complexity lower bounds and support richer dynamics.
Study improves healthcare time series imputation by considering structured missingness.
problem Structured missingness in clinical data impacts time series imputation models.
method Analysis of different masking strategies on imputation methods using PhysioNet Challenge 2012 dataset.
result Masking choices significantly affect imputation accuracy and clinical prediction.
Training-free method improves text-to-image generation quality.
problem Error accumulation in simultaneous token updates of masked diffusion models.
method Training-free self-correction framework exploiting inductive biases.
result Significantly improved generation quality on text-to-image tasks.
Deep learning based speech enhancement and source separation systems have recently reached unprecedented levels of quality, to the point that performance is reaching a new ceiling. Most systems rely on estimating the magnitude of a target source by estimating a real-valued mask to be applied to a time-frequency represe…
MoCA uses a novel autoencoder to analyze multi-modal health data.
problem Challenges in analyzing continuous multi-modal health data from wearable devices.
method Proposes MoCA, a self-supervised learning framework combining transformer and masked autoencoder methods.
result Demonstrates strong performance boosts across reconstruction and classification tasks.
Neural network interpretability is a vital component for applications across a wide variety of domains. In such cases it is often useful to analyze a network which has already been trained for its specific purpose. In this work, we develop a method to produce explanation masks for pre-trained networks. The mask localiz…
CACTI improves tabular data imputation by leveraging missingness patterns and contextual information.
problem Tabular data imputation with improved accuracy and robustness.
method Masked autoencoding approach with median truncated copy masking and contextual information.
result Average gain of 7.8% over the next best method across various datasets and missingness conditions.
Automatic feature extraction using neural networks has accomplished remarkable success for images, but for sound recognition, these models are usually modified to fit the nature of the multi-dimensional temporal representation of the audio signal in spectrograms. This may not efficiently harness the time-frequency repr…
RGI improves robustness of GAN-inversion for image restoration and anomaly detection.
problem Robustness of GAN-inversion to unknown gross corruptions.
method Proposes RGI and R-RGI methods with provable robustness guarantees.
result Restored images and corrupted region masks converge to ground truth under mild assumptions.
We study the problem of data release with privacy, where data is made available with privacy guarantees while keeping the usability of the data as high as possible --- this is important in health-care and other domains with sensitive data. In particular, we propose a method of masking the private data with privacy guar…
A new method for graph-structured data improves transformer performance by incorporating topology.
problem Improving transformer performance on graph-structured data.
method Parameterizing topological masks as a learnable function of a weighted adjacency matrix, approximated with graph random features.
result Efficient masking algorithms provide strong performance gains for tasks on image and point cloud data.