Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness all over the world, with approximately 60 million cases reported worldwide in 2010. If undiagnosed in time, glaucoma causes irreversible damage to the optic nerve leading to blindness. The optic nerve head examination, which involves measurement of cup-to-disc ratio, is…
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48 results for “Optic Disc”
Diabetic Retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in the world. At least 90\% of new cases can be reduced with proper treatment and monitoring of the eyes. However, scanning the entire population of patients is a difficult endeavor. Computer-aided diagnosis tools in retinal image analysis can make the process scal…
Convolutional neural network localizes OD and fovea in UWFoV-SLO images.
problem Localizing optic disc and fovea centers in ultra-widefield retinal images.
method Convolutional neural network trained on reflectance and autofluorescence images.
result 99.4% OD localisation accuracy and 99.1% fovea localisation accuracy.
Fully Convolutional Networks for Monocular Retinal Depth Estimation and Optic Disc-Cup Segmentationeess.IV
Glaucoma is a serious ocular disorder for which the screening and diagnosis are carried out by the examination of the optic nerve head (ONH). The color fundus image (CFI) is the most common modality used for ocular screening. In CFI, the central r
The paper presents algorithms for diagnosing Pathological Myopia and detecting retinal structures.
problem Diagnosing Pathological Myopia and detecting retinal structures in fundus images.
method The approach uses Deep Learning techniques, including transfer learning with Xception and YOLO architecture.
result The method has shown satisfactory results in the Pathologic Myopia Challenge.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) based measurements of retinal layer thickness, such as the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and the ganglion cell with inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) are commonly used for the diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma. Previously, machine learning techniques have utilized segmentation-based…
Classifies Ricci flat Lorentzian manifolds with Kerr-like optical structures.
problem Classifying Ricci flat Lorentzian manifolds with specific optical structures.
method Simple construction method to explicitly create examples of Ricci flat Lorentzian manifolds.
result Two large classes of 4-dimensional Kerr type manifolds, each fibering over open Riemann surfaces.
In this paper, an ensemble-based method for the screening of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is proposed. This approach is based on features extracted from the output of several retinal image processing algorithms, such as image-level (quality assessment, pre-screening, AM/FM), lesion-specific (microaneurysms, exudates) and …
We propose UOLO, a novel framework for the simultaneous detection and segmentation of structures of interest in medical images. UOLO consists of an object segmentation module which intermediate abstract representations are processed and used as input for object detection. The resulting system is optimized simultaneousl…
Multi-layer optical film has been found to afford important applications in optical communication, optical absorbers, optical filters, etc. Different algorithms of multi-layer optical film design has been developed, as simplex method, colony algorithm, genetic algorithm. These algorithms rapidly promote the design and …
Open problems in billiards and optics from a workshop.
problem Open problems in billiards and geometric optics.
method Collection of open problems from a workshop.
result No specific key result mentioned; collection of problems.
Complex optical vortex knotsmath.GT
New method generates optical vortices in any knot shape.
problem Generating optical vortices in complex shapes beyond simple knots.
method Mathematical construction and experimental verification.
result Complex optical fields can form any knot shape.
Optical flow refers to the visual motion observed between two consecutive images. Since the degree of freedom is typically much larger than the constraints imposed by the image observations, the straightforward formulation of optical flow as an inverse problem is ill-posed. Standard approaches to determine optical flow…
Method detects and locates eavesdropping in optical links.
problem Detect and locate eavesdropping in optical links with small power losses.
method Cluster-based approach using OPM data at receiver and in-line OPM data for localization.
result Subtle eavesdropping losses can be detected and localized using OPM data.
Optical Echo State Network Reservoir Computingphysics.optics
Optical ESNs enable flexible, efficient machine learning with reduced energy.
problem Implementing universal computational capabilities in machine learning.
method Optical implementation of ESNs leveraging stimulated Brillouin scattering.
result Efficient, scalable, and memory-capable optical reservoir computing.
Paper develops a deforestation detection system using optical and SAR data.
problem Detecting tree-loss in dense forests using satellite data.
method Combines optical and SAR data, uses KL expansion for anomaly detection, and Hidden Markov Model for classification.
result Hybrid method achieves high accuracy and robustness in sparse optical data.
Optical geometriesmath.DG
Study of optical geometries with intrinsic torsion in general relativity.
problem Understanding null line distributions and their properties in Lorentzian manifolds.
method Investigation of intrinsic torsion and congruences of null curves, extending to generalized optical geometries.
result Characterization of conformal properties of null line distributions and congruences.
Smoothly isotopic 3-discs in 4-sphere become identical after 5-dimensional push.
problem Smooth isotopy of 3-discs in 4-sphere.
method Pushing 3-discs into 5-dimensional space.
result Isotopic 3-discs in 4-sphere become identical after 5-dimensional push.
The paper proves conditions for the existence of holomorphic discs in Kähler manifolds.
problem Existence of holomorphic discs for higher operations.
method Showing existence of minimal discs with specific properties implies existence of holomorphic discs.
result Minimal discs in Kähler manifolds with certain boundary conditions are holomorphic.
We present a deep learning framework for wide-field, content-aware estimation of absorption and scattering coefficients of tissues, called Generative Adversarial Network Prediction of Optical Properties (GANPOP). Spatial frequency domain imaging is used to obtain ground-truth optical properties from in vivo human hands…
We describe two applications of machine learning in the context of IP/Optical networks. The first one allows agile management of resources at a core IP/Optical network by using machine learning for short-term and long-term prediction of traffic flows and joint global optimization of IP and optical layers using colorles…
Express Wavenet is an improved optical diffractive neural network. At each layer, it uses wavelet-like pattern to modulate the phase of optical waves. For input image with n2 pixels, express wavenet reduce parameter number from O(n2) to O(n). Only need one percent of the parameters, and the accuracy is still very high.…
Study on the topology of ordered disc configurations, revealing nontrivial homotopy classes.
problem Topology of ordered disc configurations and their homotopy types.
method Analysis of ordered configuration spaces of hard discs, focusing on homotopy types and nontrivial classes.
result Exhibit nontrivial classes in π_{n-3} for all n, and their persistence in deformed ambient discs.
Derives Levi-Civita connection formulas for specific geometries.
problem Determining geometric invariants of Lorentzian manifolds.
method Explicitly derives Christoffel symbols in terms of adapted frame fields.
result Formulas for geometric invariants of Lorentzian manifolds.
New knots found with tough, unsliceable discs.
problem Finding tough knots that can't be sliced smoothly.
method Constructed infinitely many knots with non-approximable slice discs.
result Smoothly sliceable knots have non-approximable slice discs.
Machine Learning-Based Optimization of Chiral Photonic Nanostructures: Evolution- and Neural Network-Based Designphysics.optics
Designs chiral photonic structures using machine learning for efficient optical properties.
problem Optimizing chiral photonic nanostructures for light-matter interactions.
method Evolutionary algorithm and neural network approach for rapid optimization.
result Frequency-dependent modification in reflected light's degree of circular polarization.
Classifies ancient flows in a disc with boundary.
problem Ancient convex flows in a disc with boundary.
method Classifies flows using curve shortening.
result Ancient convex flows in a disc are classified.
Diffractive deep neural network (DNNet) is a novel machine learning framework on the modulation of optical transmission. Diffractive network would get predictions at the speed of light. It's pure passive architecture, no additional power consumption. We improved the accuracy of diffractive network with optical waves at…
New methods for constructing null fluid metrics and solving optical lift conjectures.
problem Constructing null fluid metrics and solving optical lift conjectures.
method Explicit parameterization of null fluid metrics under Kerr type optical structures.
result New explicit metrics, including Kerr black holes and Ricci flat examples.
Paper proposes a method to enhance low-quality retinal images using optimal transport.
problem Artifacts and imperfections in retinal images lead to diagnostic inaccuracies.
method Leveraging optimal transport theory, an unpaired image-to-image translation scheme is proposed.
result The method improves perceptually and quantitatively the quality of low-quality retinal images.
The paper explores isometric models and Busemann functions for Funk and Hilbert discs.
problem Exploring isometric models and Busemann functions for Funk and Hilbert discs.
method Finding and describing isometric models and computing Busemann functions.
result Proving asymptotic harmonicity of the Funk disc and showing its dependence on measure.
We discuss recently emerging applications of the state-of-art deep learning methods on optical microscopy and microscopic image reconstruction, which enable new transformations among different modes and modalities of microscopic imaging, driven entirely by image data. We believe that deep learning will fundamentally ch…
Let be either the infinite cyclic group or the Baumslag-Solitar group . Let be a slice knot admitting a slice disc in the 4-ball whose exterior has fundamental group . We classify the -homotopy ribbon slice discs for up to topological ambien…
Despite the advantages of all-weather and all-day high-resolution imaging, SAR remote sensing images are much less viewed and used by general people because human vision is not adapted to microwave scattering phenomenon. However, expert interpreters can be trained by compare side-by-side SAR and optical images to learn…
The works of William Rowan Hamilton in Geometrical Optics are presented, with emphasis on the Malus-Dupin theorem. According to that theorem, a family of light rays depending on two parameters can be focused to a single point by an optical instrument made of reflecting or refracting surfaces if and only if, before ente…
The rotation angle of a rolling disc is shown to be a geometric phase related to the Hopf fibration.
problem Understanding the geometric nature of rotation angles in kinematic models.
method Using the Hopf fibration and Gauss map, the geometric phase is decomposed into dynamical and geometric components.
result The geometric phase of rotation is described as the holonomy of the Hopf fibration.
Study smooth manifolds using disc-presheaves.
problem Understanding smooth manifolds.
method Using presheaves on a category of discs.
result Disc-presheaves have desirable properties and strong applications.
Paper proposes a graph model for optimal AP deployment in indoor optical wireless networks.
problem Challenges in deploying optical wireless networks due to LoS requirement and limited range.
method Graph modeling approach to identify minimum number of APs and their optimal locations.
result Optimal deployment of APs ensures connectivity and minimizes interference in indoor environments.
This note characterizes monohedral tilings of regular polygons with up to three tiles.
problem Characterizing monohedral tilings of regular polygons with up to three tiles.
method Connecting the results for squares and circles to generalize for any regular -gon.
result Characterization of monohedral tilings of any regular -gon with up to three tiles.
Study horizontal discs in fat distributions, proving their existence.
problem Existence of embedded horizontal discs in fat distributions.
method Analyzing nonlinear PDEs and proving local invertibility.
result Existence of germs of embedded horizontal discs.
We calculate the asymptotic average rate at which a generic geodesic on a finite area hyperbolic 2-orbifold returns to an embedded disc on the surface, as well as the average amount of time it spends in the disc during each visit. This includes the case where the center of the disc is a cone point.
On the interplay between discrete invariants of complex hyperbolic disc bundles over surfacesmath.GT
Study on invariants of complex hyperbolic disc bundles over surfaces, proving a conjecture.
problem Investigating relationships between three invariants of complex hyperbolic disc orbibundles.
method Analyzing Euler characteristic, Euler number, and Toledo invariant of disc orbibundles over 2-orbifolds.
result Proved that -3|τ| = 2e + 2χ holds for certain complex hyperbolic disc orbibundles.
The paper constructs a generalized metrical multi-time Lagrange space, which allows a natural development of relativistic geometrical optics theories, in a general setting.
Lin et al. (Reports, 7 September 2018, p. 1004) reported a remarkable proposal that employs a passive, strictly linear optical setup to perform pattern classifications. But interpreting the multilayer diffractive setup as a deep neural network and advocating it as an all-optical deep learning framework are not well jus…
The paper classifies homotopy ribbon discs with specific groups.
problem Classifying homotopy ribbon discs with given fundamental groups.
method Using geometric and algebraic properties of groups, particularly Farrell-Jones conjecture.
result Classification of homotopy ribbon discs for specific knot groups and Baumslag-Solitar groups.
Study calculates homotopy groups and derivatives for disc diffeomorphisms.
problem Understanding the homotopy groups of diffeomorphisms of discs.
method Computes rational homotopy groups and uses Weiss' orthogonal calculus.
result Determines optimal rational concordance stable range for high-dimensional discs.
It is well-known that Teichmuller discs that pass through "integer points'' of the moduli space of abelian differentials are very special: they are closed complex geodesics. However, the structure of these special Teichmuller discs is mostly unexplored: their number, genus, area, cusps, etc. We prove that in genus two …
Study of rotation angles in a rotating disc model.
problem Understanding geometric phase in rotating systems.
method Analyzes a simple kinematic model of rotating discs.
result Explicit form of geometric phase found using Baumkuchen lemma.