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arXiv research

A locally-built, LLM-digested index of recent arXiv papers in quant finance, geometry/topology, and statistical ML — keyword search served straight from SQLite on this machine.

168,657 papers · 148 categories

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4118211,2321,642 · Jun 202019922001200920172026
48 results for Learning Rate Decay

Optimal learning rates decay to zero in easy tasks and maintain a warmup phase in hard tasks.

problem Optimizing learning rates under functional scaling laws for model training.
method Deriving optimal learning-rate schedules based on exponents ss and ββ.
result Sharp phase transition between easy and hard tasks, with different decay behaviors.

WSD schedule improves model training efficiency by adapting learning rates dynamically.

problem Fixed compute budgets limit training efficiency of language models.
method Introduces a WSD schedule that uses a constant learning rate followed by a rapid decay phase.
result WSD schedule generates a non-traditional loss curve with stable and decay phases.

Learning rate decay (lrDecay) is a \emph{de facto} technique for training modern neural networks. It starts with a large learning rate and then decays it multiple times. It is empirically observed to help both optimization and generalization. Common beliefs in how lrDecay works come from the optimization analysis of (S…

2019-08-05abs ↗pdf ↗

Active data collection improves convergence rates in operator learning.

problem Improving convergence rates in operator learning with linear target and stochastic input.
method Active data collection strategies with mean-zero stochastic process and continuous covariance kernels.
result Achieves arbitrarily fast error convergence rates with eigenvalue decay of covariance kernels.

In this paper, we give a new sharp generalization bound of lp-MKL which is a generalized framework of multiple kernel learning (MKL) and imposes lp-mixed-norm regularization instead of l1-mixed-norm regularization. We utilize localization techniques to obtain the sharp learning rate. The bound is characterized by the d…

2011-03-27abs ↗pdf ↗

Step decay schedules improve convergence in non-convex optimization.

problem Improving convergence in non-convex optimization problems.
method Analyzing convergence rates of step decay schedules in non-convex, convex, and strongly convex problems.
result Step decay schedules achieve O(lnT/T)\mathcal{O}(\ln T/\sqrt{T}) convergence rates in various optimization scenarios.

WSqD extends learning rate schedules for large model training without fixed horizons.

problem Fixed learning rate schedules limit training horizon extension.
method WSqD replaces constant stable phase with a shifted inverse-square-root base, retaining linear cooldown.
result WSqD achieves minimax-optimal convergence rate and horizon-independence.

Momentum is a widely used technique for gradient-based optimizers in deep learning. In this paper, we propose a decaying momentum (\textsc{Demon}) rule. We conduct the first large-scale empirical analysis of momentum decay methods for modern neural network optimization, in addition to the most popular learning rate dec…

2019-10-11abs ↗pdf ↗

Adaptive weights improve physics-informed neural networks and deep operator networks.

problem Training physics-informed neural networks and deep operator networks can be challenging, leading to unsatisfactory accuracy and efficiency.
method Proposes a pointwise adaptive weighting method that balances the residual decay rate across different training points.
result Our proposed approach of balanced residual decay rates offers advantages including bounded weights, high prediction accuracy, fast convergence rate, low training uncertainty, low computational cost, and ease of hyperparameter tuning.

Study on massless Vlasov equation on Reissner-Nordström spacetimes, showing decay rates and non-decay phenomena.

problem Analyzing decay and non-decay rates of solutions to the massless Vlasov equation on Reissner-Nordström spacetimes.
method Quantitative analysis of geodesic flow and comparison to wave equation instability results.
result Exponential decay rates in subextremal cases and polynomial rates in extremal cases, with non-decay of transversal derivatives in extremal cases.

Study reveals dynamics of neural networks with normalization, weight decay, and SGD.

problem Understanding the equilibrium condition in Spherical Motion Dynamics (SMD).
method Investigates SMD by exploring the cause of equilibrium condition, introducing assumptions, proposing angular update, and verifying theoretical results.
result Proves weight norm and angular update can converge at linear rate under given assumptions.

We introduce a new weight-decay scaling rule to maintain sublayer gains across different widths in modern scale-invariant architectures.

problem In modern scale-invariant architectures, training quickly enters a steady state where normalization layers create backward scale sensitivity, degrading learning-rate transfer.
method We introduce a weight-decay scaling rule for AdamW that preserves sublayer gain across widths by equalizing the effective learning rate.
result Our empirical weight-decay scaling rule λ2dλ_2\propto \sqrt{d} approximately keeps sublayer gains width invariant, enabling zero-shot transfer of learning rate and weight decay.

Riemannian stochastic gradient descent converges faster with increasing batch size.

problem Improving convergence rate of Riemannian stochastic gradient descent.
method Theoretical analysis and numerical investigation of increasing batch size effects.
result Riemannian stochastic gradient descent converges faster with increasing batch size.

The paper presents a multi-power law for predicting loss curves across different learning rate schedules.

problem Understanding and optimizing the relationship between model performance and hyperparameters, especially learning rates.
method Proposes a multi-power law that combines power laws based on the sum of learning rates and additional laws for loss reduction due to decay.
result The multi-power law accurately predicts loss curves for unseen learning rate schedules and finds a schedule that outperforms cosine learning rate.

AdamNX improves Adam's stability by adjusting its learning rate.

problem Adam's tendency to converge to non-flat minima in large-scale models.
method Proposes a novel exponential decay mechanism for Adam's second-order moment estimate.
result AdamNX outperforms Adam and its variants in stability and performance.

Paper develops an online learning algorithm for functional data models.

problem Recovering slope functions or predictors in functional data models.
method Online regularized learning algorithm in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces with polynomially decaying step-size.
result Established fast convergence rates for estimation error without capacity assumption.

The study introduces anytime learning schedules for large language models without fixed horizons.

problem Training large language models without knowing the total training horizon.
method Theoretical analysis and weight averaging to create anytime learning schedules.
result Theoretical and empirical evidence shows that weight averaging with simple step sizes can achieve comparable final loss to well-tuned cosine schedules.

We discover scaling laws for kernel regression loss under various learning rate schedules.

problem Understanding loss dynamics and learning rate schedules in kernel regression.
method Theoretical analysis of stochastic gradient descent on a power-law kernel regression model.
result Established a Functional Scaling Law (FSL) capturing the full loss trajectory under arbitrary learning rate schedules.

Large learning rates improve neural network generalization, study shows.

problem Understanding why large learning rates lead to better neural network generalization.
method Visual analysis of training and testing loss landscapes, introduction of a nonlinear model.
result Extended phase with large learning rates leads to near-optimal generalization.

SignSGD outperforms SGD in linear regression with optimal scaling laws under PLRF model.

problem Improving linear regression performance with signSGD under power-law random features.
method Analysis of signSGD risk under PLRF model, comparison with SGD, identification of unique effects.
result SignSGD can have a steeper compute-optimal slope than SGD in noisy regimes, especially with WSD schedule.

Intriguing empirical evidence exists that deep learning can work well with exoticschedules for varying the learning rate. This paper suggests that the phenomenon may be due to Batch Normalization or BN, which is ubiquitous and provides benefits in optimization and generalization across all standard architectures. The f…

2019-10-16abs ↗pdf ↗

The paper studies harmonic map heat flow stability and decay rates.

problem Analyzing stability and decay rates of harmonic map heat flow solutions.
method Use of homogeneous Besov space B˙p,dp(Rd)\dot{B}^{\frac{d}{p}}_{p,\infty}(\mathbb{R}^d) for small initial data and self-similar decay assumption.
result Decay rates for solutions of the harmonic map flow of the form ablau(t)L(Rd)Ct12\| abla u(t) \|_{L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^d)}\leq Ct^{-\frac12} and self-similar decay under stronger initial conditions.

Learning rate annealing improves robustness in stochastic optimization.

problem Tuning learning rates in large-scale models is costly and prone to errors.
method We analyze and demonstrate the benefits of learning rate annealing schemes.
result Stochastic gradient descent with annealed schedules converges more robustly to the optimal solution.

SGD and weight decay encourage neural networks to learn low-rank weight matrices.

problem The bias of SGD towards low-rank weight matrices in neural networks.
method The study investigates the effect of SGD and weight decay on the rank of weight matrices in neural networks, both theoretically and empirically.
result Training with SGD and weight decay induces a bias towards rank minimization in weight matrices, which becomes more pronounced with smaller batch sizes and stronger weight decay.

The paper analyzes how learning rate affects SGD and provides insights into optimal rates.

problem Understanding the impact of learning rate on stochastic gradient descent.
method Developed a learning-rate-dependent stochastic differential equation (lr-dependent SDE) to analyze SGD.
result Established a linear rate of convergence for SGD and found the optimal linear rate by analyzing the spectrum of the Witten-Laplacian.

Model proposes neural network for continuous time dynamics with inductive biases.

problem Training neural networks for small datasets with nonlinear dynamics.
method Inductive biases on decay rates and frequencies using Koopman operator theory.
result Higher forecasting performance with single short training sequence.

Study derives error decay rates for kernel classification under source and capacity conditions.

problem Understanding prediction error decay rates for real data sets.
method Derived decay rates for misclassification error under Gaussian design for SVM and ridge classification.
result Rates accurately describe learning curves for data sets satisfying source and capacity conditions.

This work studies learning curves for revenue maximization algorithms.

problem Understanding the performance of revenue-maximizing algorithms as they learn from more data.
method Initiates the study of learning curves for revenue maximization, providing a near-complete characterization of their rate of decay.
result Learning curves for revenue maximization can decay arbitrarily slowly or almost exponentially fast, depending on the distribution and optimal revenue.

Weight decay is one of the standard tricks in the neural network toolbox, but the reasons for its regularization effect are poorly understood, and recent results have cast doubt on the traditional interpretation in terms of L2L_2 regularization. Literal weight decay has been shown to outperform L2L_2 regularization for…

2018-10-29abs ↗pdf ↗

The study establishes minimax bounds for estimating operators from noisy samples.

problem Estimating unknown operators between Hilbert spaces from noisy data.
method Developed a minimax theory for uniformly bounded Lipschitz operators, proving lower and upper bounds.
result Sharp characterizations of minimax risk for generic Lipschitz operators, showing a curse of sample complexity.

The study examines Kernel Ridge Regression error rates across noiseless and noisy conditions.

problem Characterizing Kernel Ridge Regression error rates in different noise levels.
method Unified analysis of Kernel Ridge Regression under various noise and regularization conditions.
result A crossover from noiseless to noisy error rates is observed as sample complexity increases.

It is common practice to decay the learning rate. Here we show one can usually obtain the same learning curve on both training and test sets by instead increasing the batch size during training. This procedure is successful for stochastic gradient descent (SGD), SGD with momentum, Nesterov momentum, and Adam. It reache…

2017-11-01abs ↗pdf ↗

Paper calculates eigenvalue decay rates for neural network kernels on general domains.

problem Determining eigenvalue decay rates for neural network kernels on arbitrary domains.
method Proved dynamics of wide neural networks approximates NTK on general domains, used minimax optimality and interpolation spaces.
result Provided strategy to calculate eigenvalue decay rates for neural network kernels.

Last SGD iterate bounds for overparameterized linear regression.

problem Analyzing the last iterate risk bounds of SGD with decaying stepsize for overparameterized linear regression.
method Problem-dependent analysis of last iterate risk bounds of SGD with geometrically decaying stepsize.
result Proved nearly matching upper and lower bounds on the excess risk for last iterate SGD with geometrically decaying stepsize.

Seesaw optimizes training by balancing learning rate and batch size, accelerating model pretraining.

problem Optimizing training efficiency for large language models with adaptive optimizers.
method Develops a principled framework for batch-size scheduling, introducing Seesaw which multiplies learning rate by 1/√2 and doubles batch size.
result Empirically, Seesaw reduces wall-clock time by approximately 36% compared to cosine decay, matching theoretical limits.