arXiv research

Graphs mapped to projective plane classified up to deformation.

Paper extends method of presenting surface-links to immersed surface-links.

A generic immersion of a planar graph into the 2-space is said to be knotted if there does not exist a trivial embedding of the graph into the 3-space obtained by lifting the immersion with respect to the natural projection from the 3-space to the 2-space. In this paper we show that if a generic immersion of a planar g…

Study classifies Morse functions with 4 critical points on immersed 2-spheres.

Odd crossing numbers and even rotation numbers for cycles in plane immersions.

We consider immersions admitting uniform graph representations over the affine tangent space over a ball of fixed radius r>0. We show that for sufficiently small C^0-norm of the graph functions, each graph function is smooth with small C^1-norm.

We give an explicit calculation of the Wu invariants for immersions of a finite graph into the plane and classify all generic immersions of a graph into the plane up to regular homotopy by the Wu invariant. This result is a generalization of the fact that two plane curves are regularly homotopic if and only if they hav…

As an extension of the class of algebraic links, A'Campo, Gibson, and Ishikawa constructed links associated to immersed arcs and trees in a two-dimensional disk. By extending their arguments, we construct links associated to immersed graphs in a disk, and show that such links are quasipositive.

We consider minimal immersions in MxR. We study existence and uniqueness of associate and conjugate isometric immersions to a given minimal surface. We use the theory of univalent harmonic map between surfaces. Then we study the geometry of associate minimal vertical graphs. We prove that an associate surface of a vert…

We consider non-degenerate graph immersions into affine space $\mathbb A^{n+1}$ whose cubic form is parallel with respect to the Levi-Civita connection of the affine metric. There exists a correspondence between such graph immersions and pairs $(J,γ)$, where $J$ is an $n$-dimensional real Jordan algebra and $γ$ is a no…

For any chord diagram on a circle there exists a complete graph on sufficiently many vertices such that any generic immersion of it to the plane contains a plane closed curve whose chord diagram contains the given chord diagram as a sub-chord diagram. For any generic immersion of the complete graph on six vertices to t…

We establish area bounds for two-dimensional immersions in R^3 and R^n. Namely, for μ-stable immersions in R^3 (R^n), for graphs in $\mathbb R^3$ which solve quasilinear equations in divergence form, and for graphs which are critical for Fermat-type variational problems in R^n.

Distorted surfaces in graph manifolds have specific distortion properties.

A new mosaic system for immersed surface-links is introduced.

We prove that the ends of a properly immersed simply or one connected minimal surface in H(2)xR contained in a slab of height less than πof H(2)xR, are multi-graphs. When such a surface is embedded then the ends are graphs. When embedded and simply connected, it is an entire graph.

Chord diagrams on circles and their intersection graphs (also known as circle graphs) have been intensively studied, and have many applications to the study of knots and knot invariants, among others. However, chord diagrams on more general graphs have not been studied, and are potentially equally valuable in the study…

Algorithm constructs JSJ decomposition for hyperbolic groups.

We show that many 3-manifold groups have no nonabelian surface subgroups. For example, any link of an isolated complex surface singularity has this property. In fact, we determine the exact class of closed graph-manifolds which have no immersed pi_1-injective surface of negative Euler characteristic. We also determine …

We consider immersions admitting uniform representations as an L-Lipschitz graph. In codimension 1, we show compactness for such immersions for arbitrary fixed finite L and uniformly bounded volume. The same result is shown in arbitrary codimension for L less than or equal to 1/4.

We explore a connection between the Finslerian area functional and well-investigated Cartan functionals to prove new Bernstein theorems, uniqueness and removability results for Finsler-minimal graphs, as well as enclosure theorems and isoperimetric inequalities for minimal immersions in Finsler spaces. In addition, we …

We consider two-dimensional immersions of disc-type in R^n. We focus well known classical concepts and study the nonlinear elliptic systems of such mappings. Using an Osserman-type condition we give a priori-estimates of the principle curvatures for certain graphs in R^4 with prescribed mean curvature.

Classifies immersions of a circle into surfaces using invariants.

Minimal moves for surfaces in 4D discovered, linking planar and spatial moves.

In this paper we prove several quantitative rigidity results for conformal immersions of surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^n$ with bounded total curvature. We show that (branched) conformal immersions which are close in energy to either a round sphere, a conformal Clifford torus, an inverted catenoid, an inverted Enneper's minim…

Characterizes 2-sphere unions from immersed circles, akin to Rosenstiehl's plane curve codes.

Optimizing quantum graphs yields geodesic nets on surfaces.

New method shows almost complex structures can be approximated smoothly.

We prove a theorem of Hadamard-Stoker type: a connected locally convex complete hypersurface immersed in $H^n \times R$ (n>1), where $H^n$ is n-dimensional hyperbolic space, is embedded and homeomorphic either to the n-sphere or to $R^n$. In the latter case it is either a vertical graph over a convex domain in $H^n$ or…

We consider the following properties of compact oriented irreducible graph-manifolds: to contain a $π_1$-injective surface (immersed, virtually embedded or embedded), be (virtually) fibered over $S^1$, and to carry a metric of nonpositive sectional curvature. It turns out that all these properties can be described from…

This paper discusses reformulations of the problem of coloring plane maps with four colors. We give a number of alternate ways to formulate the coloring problem including a tautological expansion similar to the Penrose Bracket, and an extension of the Penrose Bracket that counts colorings of arbitrary cubic graphs pres…

The paper derives height estimates for surfaces with constant curvature in warped product spaces.

In this overview report we generalize Erhard Heinz' curvature estimate for minimal graphs in R^3 to graphs in R^n of prescribed mean curvature. Secondly, we analyse these problems in the frame of the outer differential geometry which leads us to the notions of normal torsion and normal curvature for immersions in R^4.

This is an exposition of results on the existence problem of $π_1$-injective immersed and embedded surfaces in graph-manifolds, and also of nonpositively curved metrics on graph-manifolds, obtained by different authors. The results are represented from a unified point of view based on the notion of compatible cohomolog…

We prove that a stable minimal hypersurface of an open ball having a singular set of locally finite codimension 2 Hausdorff measure which is weakly close to a multiplicity 2 hyperplane is a 2-valued C^{1, alpha} graph in the interior. Applications including a compactness theorem for a class of immersed stable minimal h…

We show that a properly immersed minimal hypersurface in M x R_+ equals some M x {c} when M is a complete, recurrent n-dimensional Riemannian manifold with bounded curvature. If on the other hand, M has nonnegative Ricci curvature with curvature bounded below, the same result holds for any positive entire minimal graph…

For all open Riemann surface M and real number $θ\in (0,π/4),$ we construct a conformal minimal immersion $X=(X_1,X_2,X_3):M \to \mathbb{R}^3$ such that $X_3+\tan(θ) |X_1|:M \to \mathbb{R}$ is positive and proper. Furthermore, $X$ can be chosen with arbitrarily prescribed flux map. Moreover, we produce properly immerse…

In this paper, we prove a half-space theorem with respect to constant mean curvature $1/2$ entire graphs in $\mathbb{E(-1,τ)}$. If $Σ$ is such an entire graph and $Σ'$ is a properly immersed constant mean curvature $1/2$ surface included in the mean convex side of $Σ$ then $Σ'$ is a vertical translate of $Σ$. We also h…

Unlike $\mathbb{R}^{3}$, the homogeneous spaces $\mathbb{E}(-1,τ)$ have a great variety of entire vertical minimal graphs. In this paper we explore conditions which guarantees that a minimal surface in $\mathbb{E}(-1,τ)$ is such a graph. More specifically: we introduce the definition of a generalized slab in $\mathbb{E…

Study 2D spaces with curvature, finding a graph structure.

Minimal surfaces in H^2xR have infinite total curvature under certain conditions.

Alternative proof and extension of curvature estimates for minimal immersions.

The paper studies how the crossing number of graphs changes with a specific transformation called ΔY-move.

We prove some half-space theorems for minimal surfaces in the Heisenberg group Nil_3 and the Lie group Sol_3 endowed with their left-invariant Riemannian metrics. If S is a properly immersed minimal surface in Nil_3 that lies on one side of some entire minimal graph G, then S is the image of G by a vertical translation…

We prove a half-space theorem for an ideal Scherk graph $Σ\subset M\times\mathbb R$ over a polygonal domain $D\subset M,$ where $M$ is a Hadamard surface whose curvature is bounded above by a negative constant. More precisely, we show that a properly immersed minimal surface contained in $D\times\mathbb R$ and disjoint…

The paper proves freeness of low-rank subgroups in one-relator groups with negative immersions.

We show that there are Haken 3-manifolds whose fundamental groups do not satisfy the engulfing property. In particular one can construct a pi_1-injective immersion of a surface into a graph manifold which does not factor through any proper finite cover of the 3-manifold.

We study properly embedded and immersed p(pseudohermitian)-minimal surfaces in the 3-dimensional Heisenberg group. From the recent work of Cheng, Hwang, Malchiodi, and Yang, we learn that such surfaces must be ruled surfaces. There are two types of such surfaces: band type and annulus type according to their topology. …

We prove that any complete surface with constant mean curvature in a homogeneous space E(κ,τ) which is transversal to the vertical Killing vector field is, in fact, a vertical graph. As a consequence we get that any orientable, parabolic, complete, immersed surface with constant mean curvature H in E(κ,τ) (different fr…