Algorithm calculates ribbon obstructions for colored knots.
problem Computing ribbon obstructions for colored knots.
method Algorithm based on dihedral branched covers and colored knot diagrams.
result Algorithm successfully computes ribbon obstructions for colored knots.
Researchers study chirality in a specific type of torus-covering link.
problem Determining chirality in a specific type of torus-covering link of degree 3.
method Investigates invariants like triple linking numbers, Fox p-colorings, and quandle cocycle invariants.
result Determines the quandle cocycle invariant for S3(a,b) associated with tri-colorings. The study counts SU(2) representations for torus-covering knots.
problem Counting irreducible metabelian SU(2) representations for torus-covering knots.
method Using Fox's p-colorability and knot determinant.
result Similar to classical knots, the number of representations is determined.
The dihedral genus of a knot is related to its signature and minimal surface genus.
problem Determining the dihedral genus of knots and its relation to signatures and minimal surface genus.
method Using dihedral branched covers and properties of Fox colorings, the dihedral genus is linked to the signature of the cover and the Murasugi signature of the knot.
result An infinite family of knots with minimal genus surfaces that realize the four-genus of the knot.
We prove the Kauffman-Harary Conjecture, posed in 1999: given a reduced, alternating diagram D of a knot with prime determinant p, every non-trivial Fox p-coloring of D will assign different colors to different arcs.
The paper proves a generalized Kauffman-Harary conjecture for prime determinant links.
problem Proving a generalized Kauffman-Harary conjecture for prime determinant links.
method Using Fox colorings and properties of reduced alternating diagrams.
result For every pair of distinct arcs in a prime determinant link, there exists a Fox coloring that distinguishes them.
Dihedral linking invariant uses knot colorings to distinguish knots.
problem Distinguishing knots using knot colorings and linking numbers.
method Algorithm for computing linking numbers in dihedral branched covers.
result The dihedral linking invariant distinguishes more than 98% of prime knot pairs.
For each odd prime p, and for each non-split link admitting non-trivial p-colorings, we prove that the maximum number of Fox colors is p. We also prove that we can assemble a non-trivial p-coloring with any number of colors, from the minimum to the maximum number of colors. Furthermore, for any rational link, we prove …
In 1999, Kauffman-Harary conjectured that every non-trivial Fox p-coloring of a reduced, alternating knot diagram with prime determinant p is heterogeneous. Ten years later this conjecture was proved by W. Mattman and P. Solis. Mathew Williamson generalized this conjecture to alternating virtual knots and proved it…
The Kauffman-Harary conjecture states that for any reduced alternating diagram K of a knot with a prime determinant p, every non-trivial Fox p-coloring of K assigns different colors to its arcs. We generalize the conjecture by stating it in terms of homology of the double cover of S^3 branched along a link. In this way…
New p-colorable subgroup derived from Thompson's group.
problem Constructing p-colorable knots and links from Thompson's group elements. method Defining and proving isomorphism of p-colorable subgroup. result The p-colorable subgroup is isomorphic to a Brown--Thompson group. The paper studies Fox pairings of Poincaré duality groups using group cohomology.
problem Understanding Fox pairings of Poincaré duality groups.
method Using group cohomology, the paper computes cohomology groups of Fox pairings.
result The paper suggests fundamental and higher Fox pairings.
A {\em balanced} spatial graph has an integer weight on each edge, so that the directed sum of the weights at each vertex is zero. We describe the Alexander module and polynomial for balanced spatial graphs (originally due to Kinoshita \cite{ki}), and examine their behavior under some common operations on the graph. We…
Talk 1: Open problems in knot theory that everyone can try to solve. Knot theory is more than two hundred years old; the first scientists who considered knots as mathematical objects were A.Vandermonde (1771) and C.F.Gauss (1794). However, despite the impressive grow of the theory, there are simply formulated but funda…
The paper computes groups and modules for wheel graphs using Fibonacci and Chebyshev polynomials.
problem Computing groups and modules for wheel graphs.
method Utilized Fibonacci and Chebyshev polynomials to compute the Reduced Fox Coloring Group and Alexander-Burau-Fox Module.
result Computed groups and modules for wheel graphs using Fibonacci and Chebyshev polynomials.
Log-concave coefficient sequences for two-bridge knots proved.
problem Proving log-concavity of Alexander polynomial coefficient sequences for alternating knots.
method Introducing a polynomial Δ(t) associated to Christoffel words and proving its log-concavity. result Strong Fox conjecture for two-bridge knots proved.
Study on knots using 17 colors, finding specific color assignments.
problem Understanding the minimum number of colors needed for Fox colorings of knots.
method Investigated 17-colorable knots and their diagrams.
result Found that exactly 6 out of 17 colors are used in diagrams of 17-colorable knots.
Fox-Milnor theorem extended to knots in thickened surfaces.
problem Extending classical knot theory to knots in thickened surfaces.
method Using Milnor torsion to prove a Fox-Milnor theorem for knots in a thickened surface.
result A Fox-Milnor theorem for concordant knots in a thickened surface.
We introduce a notion of a Fox pairing in a group algebra and use Fox pairings to define automorphisms of the Malcev completions of groups. These automorphisms generalize to the algebraic setting the action of the Dehn twists in the group algebras of the fundamental groups of surfaces. This work is inspired by the Kawa…
Study Kuperberg invariants for sutured manifolds using Fox calculus and Reidemeister torsion.
problem Computing Kuperberg invariants for sutured manifolds.
method Fox calculus and Reidemeister torsion.
result Kuperberg invariants can be computed via Fox calculus and extended to polynomial invariants.
The paper finds minimum Dehn colors for knots and defines useful graphs for coloring.
problem Finding the minimum number of colors for Dehn colorings of knots.
method Analyzes Dehn colorings for knots and defines R-palette graphs. result For Dehn p-colorable knots, the minimum number of colors is at least ⌊log2pfloor+2. We construct solutions to the set-theoretic Yang-Baxter equation using braid group representations in free group automorphisms and their Fox differentials. The method resembles the extensions of groups and quandles.
This paper has two-fold goal: it provides gentle introduction to Knot Theory starting from 3-coloring, the concept introduced by R. Fox to allow undergraduate students to see that the trefoil knot is non-trivial, and ending with statistical mechanics. On the way we prove various (old and new) facts about knots. We rela…
Relations will be described between the quandle cocycle invariant and the minimal number of colors used for non-trivial Fox colorings of knots and links. In particular, a lower bound for the minimal number is given in terms of the quandle cocycle invariant.
By the Fox's re-embedding theorem, any compact submanifold of the 3-sphere can be re-embedded in the 3-sphere so that it is unknotted. It is unknown whether the Fox's re-embedding can be replaced with twistings. In this paper, we will show that any closed 2-manifold embedded in the 3-sphere can be unknotted by twisting…
New Vassiliev invariant of order three derived from Fox-Hatcher cycles.
problem Developing a new Vassiliev invariant of order three.
method Integration of a 1-cocycle over Fox-Hatcher 1-cycles.
result Derives a Vassiliev invariant of order three.
This article is about applications of linear algebra to knot theory. For example, for odd prime p, there is a rule (given in the article) for coloring the arcs of a knot or link diagram from the residues mod p. This is a knot invariant in the sense that if a diagram of the knot under study admits such a coloring, then …
Study on Fox's trapezoidal conjecture for specific alternating links.
problem Investigating Fox's trapezoidal conjecture for alternating links.
method Diagrammatic Murasugi sums, Alexander polynomial, and concordance analysis.
result Established inequalities and conditions for the Alexander polynomial and trapezoidal conjecture.
The pair (K,r) consisting of a knot K and a surjective map r from the knot group onto a dihedral group is said to be a p-colored knot. D. Moskovich conjectured that for any odd prime p there are exactly p equivalence classes of p-colored knots up to surgery along unknots in the kernel of the coloring. We show that ther…
Study on coloring virtual tangles with integer and modular arithmetic.
problem Characterizing Fox colorings of virtual tangle diagrams.
method Analyzed classical and virtual tangle diagrams using vector representations and divisibility conditions.
result For R=Z, realizability depends on divisibility of the alternating sum. For R=Z/pZ, all vectors are realizable. We solve a century-old conjecture about Alexander polynomials of special alternating links.
problem Fox's conjecture about unimodality of Alexander polynomial coefficients.
method Proving a multivariate generalization of the Alexander polynomial is Lorentzian.
result Alexander polynomial coefficients of special alternating links form a log-concave sequence.
Formula calculates volume of two-bridge knots.
problem Calculating the volume of two-bridge knots.
method Derived from Hopf formula and Fox derivatives.
result Closed formula for the volume of two-bridge knots.
New rings reveal surprising prime colorings.
problem Determining which primes can color rainbow rings.
method Linear algebra eigenvalues and knot theory colorability.
result Almost all primes admit 0, 1, or infinite colorings.
Mandelbrot unified diverse fields with scaling concept.
problem Understanding Mandelbrot's intellectual approach.
method Tracing Mandelbrot's contributions across math, physics, and economics.
result Scaling concept unified Mandelbrot's diverse work.
Paper uses Long-Moody construction for new braid group representations.
problem Constructing new representations of braid groups.
method Applies Fox derivation to matrix presentation of Long-Moody construction.
result Shows relation to twisted Alexander invariants.
Characterizes a specific type of alternating knot.
problem Identifying a special class of genus g alternating knots.
method Uses Ozsváth and Szabó's work on alternating knots.
result Shows that if the coefficients of Alexander polynomial satisfy a certain condition, the knot is a specific torus knot.
We introduce a norm on the real 1-cohomology of finite 2-complexes determined by the Euler characteristics of graphs on these complexes. We also introduce twisted Alexander-Fox polynomials of groups and show that they give rise to norms on the real 1-cohomology of groups. Our main theorem states that for a finite 2-com…
Understanding non-Haken 3-manifolds is central to many current endeavors in 3-manifold topology. We describe some results for closed orientable surfaces in non-Haken manifolds, and extend Fox's theorem for submanifolds of the 3-sphere to submanifolds of general non-Haken manifolds. In the case where the submanifold has…
This paper is an extended account of my "Introductory Plenary talk at Knots in Hellas 2016" conference We start from the short introduction to Knot Theory from the historical perspective, starting from Heraclas text (the first century AD), mentioning R.Llull (1232-1315), A.Kircher (1602-1680), Leibniz idea of Geometria…
Study Alexander polynomials of special alternating links and generalize Fox's conjecture.
problem Distinguish special alternating links up to isotopy using polynomial invariants.
method Combinatorial and discrete geometric properties of Alexander polynomials of special alternating links.
result Generalized Alexander polynomials of special alternating links can be expressed in terms of volumes of root polytopes of unimodular matrices.
This expository paper describes how the knot invariant Fox coloring can be applied to tangles.
Study algebraic concordance groups for non-trivial links.
problem Invariance of signature, Fox-Milnor condition, and Blanchfield pairing under concordance.
method Defined algebraic concordance groups using generalized Seifert matrices.
result Recovery of invariance of signature, Fox-Milnor condition, and Blanchfield pairing for concordant links.
Study proves Alexander polynomials of certain 4-braid knots satisfy a conjecture and gives formulas for log-concave sequences.
problem Proving the Alexander polynomials of certain 4-braid knots satisfy Fox's Trapezoidal Conjecture.
method Analyzes families of alternating 4-braids and n-braids, providing explicit formulas and verifying log-concavity. result Explicit formulas for signature and first 4 coefficients of Alexander polynomials, showing log-concavity.
Alternative proof of Alexander polynomial trapezoid conjecture using dimers.
problem Alexander polynomial trapezoid conjecture for special alternating links.
method Dimer model approach to Alexander polynomial.
result Shorter and more accessible proof of Azarpendar, Juhász, and Kálmán's result.
New proof of trapezoidal property for Alexander polynomials of special alternating links.
problem Proving trapezoidal property of Alexander polynomials for special alternating links.
method Analyzing vector configurations from matroids and totally positive matrices.
result Alexander polynomials of special alternating links exhibit log-concavity and trapezoidal properties.
Paper introduces clock moves for plane graphs and proves Alexander polynomial properties.
problem Alexander polynomial of plane graphs and unimodality of coefficients.
method Introduces clock moves for plane graphs and develops a spanning tree model of Alexander polynomial.
result Proves unimodal property of Alexander polynomial coefficients and confirms conjectures.
Fox's trapezoidal conjecture for four-strand Turk's head knots is proven.
problem Proving log-concavity of the coefficient sequence of Dn(z) for four-strand Turk's head knots. method Four-block smoothing theorem for products of reciprocal quartics.
result The coefficient sequence of Dn(z) is log-concave. Researchers describe a spectral sequence for knots in 3D space.
problem Understanding the Sinha spectral sequence for knots in R^3.
method Explicit description using Fox Neuwirth chain complexes and multicomplex structure.
result A non-trivial third page differential found, contradicting the rational case.