Study on Fox's trapezoidal conjecture for specific alternating links.
problem Investigating Fox's trapezoidal conjecture for alternating links.
method Diagrammatic Murasugi sums, Alexander polynomial, and concordance analysis.
result Established inequalities and conditions for the Alexander polynomial and trapezoidal conjecture.
Alternative proof of Alexander polynomial trapezoid conjecture using dimers.
problem Alexander polynomial trapezoid conjecture for special alternating links.
method Dimer model approach to Alexander polynomial.
result Shorter and more accessible proof of Azarpendar, Juhász, and Kálmán's result.
New proof of trapezoidal property for Alexander polynomials of special alternating links.
problem Proving trapezoidal property of Alexander polynomials for special alternating links.
method Analyzing vector configurations from matroids and totally positive matrices.
result Alexander polynomials of special alternating links exhibit log-concavity and trapezoidal properties.
Paper introduces clock moves for plane graphs and proves Alexander polynomial properties.
problem Alexander polynomial of plane graphs and unimodality of coefficients.
method Introduces clock moves for plane graphs and develops a spanning tree model of Alexander polynomial.
result Proves unimodal property of Alexander polynomial coefficients and confirms conjectures.
Study proves Alexander polynomials of certain 4-braid knots satisfy a conjecture and gives formulas for log-concave sequences.
problem Proving the Alexander polynomials of certain 4-braid knots satisfy Fox's Trapezoidal Conjecture.
method Analyzes families of alternating 4-braids and n-braids, providing explicit formulas and verifying log-concavity. result Explicit formulas for signature and first 4 coefficients of Alexander polynomials, showing log-concavity.
Characterizes a specific type of alternating knot.
problem Identifying a special class of genus g alternating knots.
method Uses Ozsváth and Szabó's work on alternating knots.
result Shows that if the coefficients of Alexander polynomial satisfy a certain condition, the knot is a specific torus knot.
Log-concave coefficient sequences for two-bridge knots proved.
problem Proving log-concavity of Alexander polynomial coefficient sequences for alternating knots.
method Introducing a polynomial Δ(t) associated to Christoffel words and proving its log-concavity. result Strong Fox conjecture for two-bridge knots proved.
Fox's trapezoidal conjecture for four-strand Turk's head knots is proven.
problem Proving log-concavity of the coefficient sequence of Dn(z) for four-strand Turk's head knots. method Four-block smoothing theorem for products of reciprocal quartics.
result The coefficient sequence of Dn(z) is log-concave. Fox conjectured the Alexander polynomial of an alternating knot is trapezoidal, i.e. the coefficients first increase, then stabilize and finally decrease in a symmetric way. Recently, Hirasawa and Murasugi further conjectured a relation between the number of the stable coefficients in the Alexander polynomial and the s…
Study links weaving knots with polynomial coefficients and lattice numbers.
problem Understanding polynomial coefficients of weaving knots and their lattice counterparts.
method Established relationships between Jones and Chebyshev polynomials, and derived explicit formulas for Alexander polynomials.
result Proved coefficients of Jones polynomial are Whitney numbers of Lucas lattices and satisfied Fox's trapezoidal conjecture.
Study Alexander polynomials of special alternating links and generalize Fox's conjecture.
problem Distinguish special alternating links up to isotopy using polynomial invariants.
method Combinatorial and discrete geometric properties of Alexander polynomials of special alternating links.
result Generalized Alexander polynomials of special alternating links can be expressed in terms of volumes of root polytopes of unimodular matrices.
The paper proves a generalized Kauffman-Harary conjecture for prime determinant links.
problem Proving a generalized Kauffman-Harary conjecture for prime determinant links.
method Using Fox colorings and properties of reduced alternating diagrams.
result For every pair of distinct arcs in a prime determinant link, there exists a Fox coloring that distinguishes them.
We derive a factorization of the Alexander polynomial of the 4-strand Turk's head knot using hypergeometric representations.
problem Deriving a factorization of the Alexander polynomial of the 4-strand Turk's head knot
method Using the reduced Burau representation and multivariable resultant elimination over reciprocal constraints
result Deriving a factorization of the Alexander polynomial in terms of Chebyshev polynomials
We solve a century-old conjecture about Alexander polynomials of special alternating links.
problem Fox's conjecture about unimodality of Alexander polynomial coefficients.
method Proving a multivariate generalization of the Alexander polynomial is Lorentzian.
result Alexander polynomial coefficients of special alternating links form a log-concave sequence.
We prove the Kauffman-Harary Conjecture, posed in 1999: given a reduced, alternating diagram D of a knot with prime determinant p, every non-trivial Fox p-coloring of D will assign different colors to different arcs.
Trapezoids uniquely identified by their Dirichlet Laplace spectrum.
problem Identifying trapezoids based on their spectral properties.
method Analyzing the Dirichlet Laplace spectrum of non-obtuse trapezoids.
result Non-obtuse trapezoids are uniquely determined by their Dirichlet Laplace spectrum.
New Jordan Floer homology shows every curve inscribes every isosceles trapezoid.
problem Understanding inscriptions of isosceles trapezoids in Jordan curves.
method Constructing a new Lagrangian Floer homology chain complex.
result Establishes new cases of non-smooth Jordan curves inscribing isosceles trapezoids.
The paper finds extremum values for mixed Laplacian eigenvalues on triangles and trapezoids.
problem Finding extremum values for mixed eigenvalues of the Laplacian on triangles and trapezoids.
method Characterizations obtained under suitable geometric constraints.
result Characterizations of extremum values for mixed eigenvalues of the Laplacian on triangles and trapezoids.
Continuous curves inscribe isosceles trapezoids in complex plane.
problem Proving periodic curves inscribe isosceles trapezoids.
method Lagrangian intersection problem and convergence argument.
result Continuous curves inscribe trapezoids with any similarity type.
In 1999, Kauffman-Harary conjectured that every non-trivial Fox p-coloring of a reduced, alternating knot diagram with prime determinant p is heterogeneous. Ten years later this conjecture was proved by W. Mattman and P. Solis. Mathew Williamson generalized this conjecture to alternating virtual knots and proved it…
Researchers describe a spectral sequence for knots in 3D space.
problem Understanding the Sinha spectral sequence for knots in R^3.
method Explicit description using Fox Neuwirth chain complexes and multicomplex structure.
result A non-trivial third page differential found, contradicting the rational case.
Alternating-sign Hopf plumbing along a tree yields fibered alternating links whose homological monodromy is, up to a sign, conjugate to some alternating-sign Coxeter transformation. Exploiting this tie, we obtain results about the location of zeros of the Alexander polynomial of the fibered link complement implying a s…
The paper studies Fox pairings of Poincaré duality groups using group cohomology.
problem Understanding Fox pairings of Poincaré duality groups.
method Using group cohomology, the paper computes cohomology groups of Fox pairings.
result The paper suggests fundamental and higher Fox pairings.
The abstract shows how embeddings inscribe trapezoids or map three points to a line, proving nonexistence of certain maps.
problem Proving the nonexistence of affinely 3-regular maps in infinitely many dimensions.
method Elementary proof using embeddings and nonsingular bilinear maps.
result Recovery of nonexistence results for affinely 3-regular maps without complex algebraic techniques.
The Kauffman-Harary conjecture states that for any reduced alternating diagram K of a knot with a prime determinant p, every non-trivial Fox p-coloring of K assigns different colors to its arcs. We generalize the conjecture by stating it in terms of homology of the double cover of S^3 branched along a link. In this way…
Functorial approach connects operads to Lie bialgebras.
problem Establishing a natural way to derive Lie bialgebras from operads.
method Functorial construction of bracket and cobracket operations.
result Reproduced Alekseev-Torossian injection for higher genus groups.
We investigate the twisted Alexander polynomial of a 2-bridge knot associated to a Fox coloring. For several families of 2-bridge knots, including but not limited to, torus knots and genus-one knots, we derive formulae for these twisted Alexander polynomials. We use these formulae to confirm a conjecture of Hirasawa an…
This article concerns exact results on the minimum number of colors of a Fox coloring over the integers modulo r, of a link with non-null determinant. Specifically, we prove that whenever the least prime divisor of the determinant of such a link and the modulus r is 2, 3, 5, or 7, then the minimum number of colors is 2…
The paper computes groups and modules for wheel graphs using Fibonacci and Chebyshev polynomials.
problem Computing groups and modules for wheel graphs.
method Utilized Fibonacci and Chebyshev polynomials to compute the Reduced Fox Coloring Group and Alexander-Burau-Fox Module.
result Computed groups and modules for wheel graphs using Fibonacci and Chebyshev polynomials.
Optimal Reeb graphs identified for polygon decomposition.
problem Investigating the topological structure of planar polygon decomposition.
method Using oriented Reeb graphs with a marked vertex for height functions.
result Described all possible optimal Reeb graphs for specific polygon configurations.
First geometric proof of the flyping theorem.
problem Proving Tait's flyping conjecture.
method Geometric proof using Greene's characterization, Menasco's crossing ball structures, and isotopy/re-plumbing moves.
result First entirely geometric proof of Menasco-Thistlethwaite's flyping theorem.
Study on knots using 17 colors, finding specific color assignments.
problem Understanding the minimum number of colors needed for Fox colorings of knots.
method Investigated 17-colorable knots and their diagrams.
result Found that exactly 6 out of 17 colors are used in diagrams of 17-colorable knots.
We introduce a notion of a Fox pairing in a group algebra and use Fox pairings to define automorphisms of the Malcev completions of groups. These automorphisms generalize to the algebraic setting the action of the Dehn twists in the group algebras of the fundamental groups of surfaces. This work is inspired by the Kawa…
We construct solutions to the set-theoretic Yang-Baxter equation using braid group representations in free group automorphisms and their Fox differentials. The method resembles the extensions of groups and quandles.
This paper has two-fold goal: it provides gentle introduction to Knot Theory starting from 3-coloring, the concept introduced by R. Fox to allow undergraduate students to see that the trefoil knot is non-trivial, and ending with statistical mechanics. On the way we prove various (old and new) facts about knots. We rela…
We consider Conway polynomials of two-bridge links as Euler continuant polynomials. As a consequence, we obtain new and elementary proofs of classical Murasugi's 1958 alternating theorem and Hartley's 1979 trapezoidal theorem. We give a modulo 2 congruence for links, which implies the classical Murasugi's 1971 congruen…
The paper evaluates functions of stable Lévy processes and their extrema efficiently.
problem Efficiently evaluating functions of stable Lévy processes and their extrema.
method Integral representations, conformal acceleration technique, simplified trapezoid rule.
result Efficient numerical procedures for cumulative probability distribution functions (cpdfs) are developed.
New methods for Z-transform inversion and Wiener-Hopf factorization.
problem Efficient numerical inversion of Z-transforms and factorization of functions. method Sinh-deformations of contours, variable changes, and simplified trapezoid rule.
result High precision and speed in evaluating moments and constructing filters.
Study orbits in right triangles, deducing periodic billiard paths and classifying orbit closures.
problem Understanding periodic billiard paths in right triangles and orbit closures in strata of Abelian and quadratic differentials.
method Classifying orbit closures of rank at least two in hyperelliptic components of strata of Abelian and quadratic differentials.
result Computed orbit closures and deduced asymptotic number of periodic billiard trajectories in right triangles.
Relations will be described between the quandle cocycle invariant and the minimal number of colors used for non-trivial Fox colorings of knots and links. In particular, a lower bound for the minimal number is given in terms of the quandle cocycle invariant.
By the Fox's re-embedding theorem, any compact submanifold of the 3-sphere can be re-embedded in the 3-sphere so that it is unknotted. It is unknown whether the Fox's re-embedding can be replaced with twistings. In this paper, we will show that any closed 2-manifold embedded in the 3-sphere can be unknotted by twisting…
New Vassiliev invariant of order three derived from Fox-Hatcher cycles.
problem Developing a new Vassiliev invariant of order three.
method Integration of a 1-cocycle over Fox-Hatcher 1-cycles.
result Derives a Vassiliev invariant of order three.
Derives integral representations for a Lévy process and its extremum, hitting time, with fast evaluation.
problem Efficiently evaluating the joint probability density function of a Lévy process, its supremum, and hitting time.
method Integral representations, Laplace-Fourier transforms, summation by parts, conformal deformation, trapezoid rules, Gaver-Wynn-Rho algorithm.
result Explicit calculations and fast evaluation of the joint cpdf for Lévy processes.
Reconstruct trapezoidal surfaces from point clouds.
problem Reconstructing trapezoidal surfaces from point clouds.
method Kinematic approach: find axis direction, polygonal path, and reconstruct surface.
result Reconstructs trapezoidal surfaces from point clouds.
A knot in a thickened surface K is a smooth embedding K:S1→Σ×[0,1], where Σ is a closed, connected, orientable surface. There is a bijective correspondence between knots in S2×[0,1] and knots in S3, so one can view the study of knots in thickened surfaces as an extension of classic…
TENP prunes experts and neurons in Mixture-of-Experts models for efficient deployment.
problem Efficient deployment of large language models constrained by static parameter footprint.
method Structured Trapezoidal ExpertNeuron Pruning (TENP) identifies and retains important experts and neurons.
result DeepSeek model achieves 10% better performance on code generation tasks with 40% expert sparsity.
Path integral method calculates barrier option prices.
problem Barrier option pricing in finance.
method Path integral method applied to trapezoid and square potential barriers.
result Analytical expressions for option pricing derived.
Study on coloring virtual tangles with integer and modular arithmetic.
problem Characterizing Fox colorings of virtual tangle diagrams.
method Analyzed classical and virtual tangle diagrams using vector representations and divisibility conditions.
result For R=Z, realizability depends on divisibility of the alternating sum. For R=Z/pZ, all vectors are realizable.