arXiv research

Clock theorem extended to knotoids and linkoids.

Paper proves almost all stabilizer subgroups of Thompson's group satisfy Alexander's theorem.

Simple proof of knot genus theorem using Alexander polynomial.

We prove Alexander- and Markov-type theorems for virtual spatial trivalent graphs and virtual trivalent braids. We provide two versions for the Markov-type theorem: one uses an algebraic approach similar to the case of classical braids and the other one is based on L-moves.

We prove duality theorems for twisted Reidemeister torsions and twisted Alexander polynomials generalizing the results of Turaev. As a corollary we determine the parity of the degrees of twisted Alexander polynomials of 3-manifolds in many cases.

Proves Alexander and Markov theorems for higher genus virtual doodles.

Alexander's and Markov's theorems state that any link type in $R^3$ is represented by a closed braid and that such representations are related by some elementary operations called Markov moves. We generalize the notion of a braid to that in 4-dimensional space and establish an analogue of these theorems.

In this paper we look at which Alexander and Markov theories can be defined for generalized knot theories

The paper characterizes generalized Alexander quandles and counts them up to 127.

The paper extends knot theory to twisted virtual braids and links.

We consider Conway polynomials of two-bridge links as Euler continuant polynomials. As a consequence, we obtain new and elementary proofs of classical Murasugi's 1958 alternating theorem and Hartley's 1979 trapezoidal theorem. We give a modulo 2 congruence for links, which implies the classical Murasugi's 1971 congruen…

X.S. Lin's original definition of twisted Alexander knot polynomial is generalized for arbitrary finitely presented groups. J. Cha's fibering obstruction theorem is generalized. The group of a nontrivial virtual knot shown by L. Kauffman to have trivial Jones polynomial is seen also to have a faithful representation th…

Defines a new knot invariant and studies its properties.

Specialized knot theory theorems for strongly involutive links.

For knots in $S^3$, it is well-known that the Alexander polynomial of a ribbon knot factorizes as $f(t)f(t^{-1})$ for some polynomial $f(t)$. By contrast, the Alexander polynomial of a ribbon $2$-knot is not even symmetric in general. Via an alternative notion of ribbon $2$-knots, we give a topological condition on a $…

We give a new proof of the Alexander-Wermer Theorem that characterizes the oriented curves in C^n which bound positive holomorphic chains, in terms of the linking numbers of the curve with algebraic cycles in the complement. In fact, we establish a slightly stronger version which applies to a wider class of boundary 1-…

New proof of Alexander polynomial constraints for lens space surgeries.

We generalize a theorem of Burde and de Rham characterizing the zeros of the Alexander polynomial. Given a representation of a knot group $π$, we define an extension of $π$, the Crowell group. For any GL(n,C) representation of $π$, the zeros of the associated twisted Alexander polynomial correspond to representations o…

Study on singular twisted links and virtual braids, extending knot theory concepts.

We use the famous knot-theoretic consequence of Freedman's disc theorem---knots with trivial Alexander polynomial bound a locally-flat disc in the 4-ball---to prove the following generalization. The degree of the Alexander polynomial of a knot is an upper bound for twice its topological slice genus. We provide examples…

This work reconstructs knot invariants from Alexander polynomials, proving consistency with known theorems.

Twisted Alexander invariants of knots are well-defined up to multiplication of units. We get rid of this multiplicative ambiguity via a combinatorial method and define normalized twisted Alexander invariants. We then show that the invariants coincide with sign-determined Reidemeister torsion in a normalized setting, an…

Improved lower bound for knot coloring using quandles.

In [Jo14] and [Jo18] Vaughan Jones introduced a construction which yields oriented knots and links from elements of the oriented Thompson group $\vec{F}$. In this paper we prove, by analogy with Alexander's classical theorem establishing that every knot or link can be represented as a closed braid, that given an orient…

This talk is a report on joint work with A. Vaintrob [arXiv:math.CO/0109104 and math.GT/0111102]. It is organised as follows. We begin by recalling how the classical Matrix-Tree Theorem relates two different expressions for the lowest degree coefficient of the Alexander-Conway polynomial of a link. We then state our fo…

The derived group of a permutation representation, introduced by R.H. Crowell, unites many notions of knot theory. We survey Crowell's construction, and offer new applications. The twisted Alexander group of a knot is defined. Using it, we obtain twisted Alexander modules and polynomials. Also, we extend a well-known t…

In 1997 M.~Khovanov proved that any doodle can be presented as closure of twin, this result is analogue of classical Alexander's theorem for braids and links. We give a description of twins that have equivalent closures, this theorem is analogue of classical Markov theorem.

We consider the Alexander polynomial of a plane algebraic curve twisted by a linear representation. We show that it divides the product of the polynomials of the singularity links, for unitary representations. Moreover, their quotient is given by the determinant of its Blanchfield intersection form. Specializing in the…

For a 3-manifold M, McMullen derived from the Alexander polynomial of M a norm on H^1(M, R) called the Alexander norm. He showed that the Thurston norm on H^1(M, R), which measures the complexity of a dual surface, is an upper bound for the Alexander norm. He asked if these two norms were equal on all of H^1(M,R) when …

New invariant for prime alternating knots from error-correcting codes

We give a characterization for the Alexander Polynomials of closed orientable 3-manifolds M with first Betti number 1, as well as some partial results for the characterization problem for M having first Betti number > 1. We first prove an analogue of a theorem of Levine: that the product of an Alexander polynomial of M…

The paper explores knotoids, pseudo knotoids, braidoids, and pseudo braidoids on the torus.

The taut polynomial equals a twisted Alexander polynomial.

We show that two Alexander biquandles M and M' are isomorphic iff there is an isomorphism of Z[s,1/s,t,1/t]-modules h:(1-st)M --> (1-st)M' and a bijection g:O_s(A) --> O_s(A') between the s-orbits of sets of coset representatives of M/(1-st)M and M'/(1-st)M' respectively satisfying certain compatibility conditions.

Let $Γ$ be the fundamental group of the exterior of a knot in the three-sphere. We study deformations of representations of $Γ$ into $\mathrm{SL}_n(\mathbf{C})$ which are the sum of two irreducible representations. For such representations we give a necessary condition, in terms of the twisted Alexander polynomial, for…

We formulate and prove a profinite rigidity theorem for the twisted Alexander polynomials up to several types of finite ambiguity. We also establish torsion growth formulas of the twisted homology groups in a $\mathbb{Z}$-cover of a 3-manifold with use of Mahler measures. We examine several examples associated to Riley…

Alternative proof of Alexander polynomial trapezoid conjecture using dimers.

We study piecewise linear co-dimension two embeddings of closed oriented manifolds in Euclidean space, and show that any such embedding can always be isotoped to be a closed braid as long as the ambient dimension is at most five, extending results of Alexander (in ambient dimension three), and Viro and independently Ka…

The L-move for classical braids extends naturally to trivalent braids. We follow the L-move approach to the Markov Theorem, to prove a one-move Markov-type theorem for trivalent braids. We also reformulate this L-Move Markov theorem and prove a more algebraic Markov-type theorem for trivalent braids. Along the way, we …

Developed algebraic theory of bonded braids, proving Markov theorem.

In the 1920's Artin defined the braid group in an attempt to understand knots in a more algebraic setting. A braid is a certain arrangement of strings in three-dimensional space. It is a celebrated theorem of Alexander that every knot is obtainable from a braid by identifying the endpoints of each string. Because of th…

Paper constructs a new approach to extract Affine Index Polynomial from Sawollek Polynomial.

We introduce a norm on the real 1-cohomology of finite 2-complexes determined by the Euler characteristics of graphs on these complexes. We also introduce twisted Alexander-Fox polynomials of groups and show that they give rise to norms on the real 1-cohomology of groups. Our main theorem states that for a finite 2-com…

Paper proves any twisted link can be described as a unique twisted braid.

Exposes two methods for constructing flat surfaces in 4D spaces.

In the early 1980's Mike Freedman showed that all knots with trivial Alexander polynomial are topologically slice (with fundamental group Z). This paper contains the first new examples of topologically slice knots. In fact, we give a sufficient homological condition under which a knot is slice with fundamental group Z …

The Fourier transform of Heegaard Floer d-invariants helps classify 3-manifolds.

The paper introduces new invariants to refine Alexander polynomials and bounds BNSR Σ-invariants.